一种新型诱蝇物

地中海实蝇(Ceratitis capitata)可用合成Trimedlure(原为当归属根部含有物)诱集雄虫进行防治,昆虫学家还根据特点地点诱得的雄虫估计害虫密度和分布状况;从而制定防治策略。但实际上雌虫的为害远在于雄虫,因而了解雌虫种群动态更为重要。PHilip Howse等人研究了地中海实蝇的生活习性,发现雄虫也能吸引雄虫,当雄虫聚集到一定程度,由于性外激素的作用雌虫就来交配。经Peter Baker等签定,此激素含20多种成分,其     

0.1%果瑞特瓜实蝇诱剂对瓜类蔬菜实蝇的药效试验

应用0.1%果瑞特瓜实蝇诱剂,对瓜类蔬菜实蝇进行了药效试验示范。结果表明,0.1%果瑞特瓜实蝇诱剂对瓜类实蝇(南亚果实蝇、宽带果实蝇和瓜实蝇等)雌、雄成虫特别是对雄成虫具有较强的诱杀效果,可显著减少实蝇雌虫交配产卵为害。点喷或挂罐防治效果均显著,该诱剂适用于瓜类蔬菜无公害生产。     

橘小实蝇洛阳种群对毒死蜱的敏感性研究

采用人工饲料混毒法,初步测定了毒死蜱、甲氧虫酰肼、螺虫乙酯、氟氯氰菊酯和噻虫胺对2日龄橘小实蝇洛阳种群成虫的毒力,并进一步研究了不同日龄橘小实蝇洛阳种群成虫对毒死蜱的敏感性。结果表明,处理48 h后,供试药剂中对橘小实蝇2日龄成虫毒力最高的是毒死蜱,其对雌成虫的LC_(50)为0.455 4μg/mL,对雄成虫的LC_(50)为0.300 8μg/mL;毒死蜱对15个不同日龄橘小实蝇雌成虫的LC_(50)为0.314 6~10.055 8μg/mL,对雄成虫的LC_(50)为0.222 7~5.840 7μg/mL,不同日龄间呈现出较大的敏感性差异,且雄成虫比雌成虫对毒死蜱更敏感。     

多种物质对柑桔大实蝇的电生理活性及田间引诱效果评价

柑桔大实蝇Bactrocera minax(Enderlein)是柑桔类果树的重要害虫,诱杀成虫是防治该虫的一项重要措施。本文应用触角电位仪测定了10种物质不同浓度、7种常见配方及5种改进配方对柑桔大实蝇的电生理原理,2010和2011年在四川和重庆的5个柑桔园对9种配方的田间诱集效果进行评价。结果表明,柑桔大实蝇雌雄成虫对水解蛋白和乙酸的EAG值显著高于红糖、乙醇、甜橙汁、甜橙精油、乙酸乙酯、桔皮粉、柠檬酸和蜂蜜。雌、雄成虫的EAG值随着水解蛋白、乙酸浓度的增高而增大;雌虫的EAG值随乙醇浓度的增高而增大;而其余7种物质的浓度变化对雌雄成虫的EAG值影响较小。配方中,20%水解蛋白的EAG值和田间引诱效果均显著高于其它引诱物质和配方。改进型糖醋酒液分别添加5%水解蛋白和0.2%乙酸乙酯其诱集效果明显提高。本试验结果可为柑桔大实蝇引诱剂配方筛选和田间诱杀提供科学依据。     

马铃薯甲虫空间分布型及抽样技术研究

马铃薯甲虫Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)是我国马铃薯恶性入侵害虫。本研究利用聚集度指标检验、Taylor幂法则和Iwao回归法对马铃薯甲虫成虫、幼虫和卵在田间的空间分布型进行了研究。聚集度指标检测各虫态均为聚集分布,且种群聚集主要是由马铃薯甲虫各虫态本身的聚集行为,或由其本身的聚集行为与环境异质性共同作用所致。建立了马铃薯甲虫成虫、幼虫和卵在田间调查的理论抽样数学模型。田间抽样方法,成虫应采用大五点、对角线法;幼虫最适应采用Z字型法;卵最适应采用对角线法。     

北京延庆甜菜白带野螟的种群动态分析

为了解北京地区甜菜白带野螟的种群动态和虫源性质,于2013年在北京延庆利用探照灯诱虫器对甜菜白带野螟成虫开展了逐日监测,并进行了统计分析。结果表明,北京延庆仅见1代成虫,主要出现9月份,且雄虫明显多于雌虫。分时段数据显示,甜菜白带野螟可整夜扑灯,9月19日数据符合迁入种群特征。风场分析表明,成虫数量变化与风向密切相关。上述证据表明,2013年北京延庆诱集的甜菜白带野螟成虫属于迁飞性种群。     

沙棘绕实蝇成虫饲养研究

沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides是干旱半干旱地区重要的水土保持和经济树种,沙棘绕实蝇Rhagoletis batava obseuriosa是沙棘果实的主要害虫。为了解成虫生活习性和为试验提供试虫,对沙棘绕实蝇成虫的饲养方法进行了研究。以蔗糖和酵母为主配制不同配比的饲料进行饲喂,观察成虫寿命和怀卵量的差异。结果显示,以蔗糖∶酵母浸粉=3∶1的配比饲养成虫,成虫的寿命最长,雌虫平均寿命为(13.19±0.72)d,雄虫平均寿命为(14.87±0.83)d;怀卵量也最大,8日龄雌虫的平均怀卵量为(57.12±6.51)粒。对该配比饲料饲养的成虫开展了生命期望表和不同日龄怀卵量的研究,表明沙棘绕实蝇成虫可以在推荐配比的人工饲料饲喂条件下获得较长的寿命和较高的生殖力。     

拟水狼蛛对褐飞虱捕食功能反应及两者空间分布型

通过对湖南晚稻常规稻、杂交稻和超级杂交稻田的拟水狼蛛和褐飞虱进行调查,运用Taylor幂法和Iwao的回归分析法对拟水狼蛛、褐飞虱若虫及成虫的空间分布型拟合,两种方法研究结果表明:褐飞虱若虫、短翅型成虫和长翅型成虫在3个水稻品种上都为聚集分布,拟水狼蛛为随机分布。采用HollingⅡ型拟合拟水狼蛛对褐飞虱若虫、短翅型成虫和长翅型成虫的捕食功能,结果表明拟水狼蛛对三者捕食功能大小顺序为若虫长翅雄虫长翅雌虫短翅雄虫短翅雌虫,日最大捕食量分别为64.4、37.4、42.8、28.1头和35.1头。     

黄绿色球形诱捕器诱杀柑橘大实蝇技术应用效果

本试验利用球形诱捕器进行柑橘大实蝇成虫诱杀,以食物诱剂为对照,比较诱杀成虫数及虫果率,以评价其防效。结果表明,在成虫发生期,球形诱捕器共诱杀5 991头成虫(雌虫2 884头、雄虫3 107头),食物诱剂诱杀总数为1 859头(雌虫942头、雄虫917头)。两种诱杀方式均能有效诱杀雌雄成虫,雌雄比值分别为0.93和1.03;两种防控措施防治后虫果率分别为2.7%(球形诱捕器)和6.2%(食物诱饵),未采取任何措施的对照组虫果率为28.6%。说明两种防治措施均能显著降低虫果率,且球形诱捕器诱杀效果更好。     

柑橘大实蝇成虫对9种植物提取物的嗅觉反应

为明确对柑橘大实蝇具有引诱或拒避作用的植物精油或挥发物,通过Y形嗅觉仪分别测定柑橘大实蝇雌、雄成虫对橘子精油、橙叶精油、橙花精油、柠檬桉精油、薄荷素精油、栀子花精油、D-柠檬烯、芳樟醇和月桂烯的选择率。结果表明,柑橘大实蝇雄虫倾向于选择橘子精油、橙花精油、D-柠檬烯、柠檬桉精油、栀子花精油,雌虫倾向于选择芳樟醇和柠檬桉精油。柠檬桉精油对柑橘大实蝇雌虫和雄虫均有显著的引诱作用,雌虫对柠檬桉精油的选择率为52.38%,雄虫的选择率也达到了50%。本研究为开发对柑橘大实蝇雌、雄成虫均具有引诱作用的引诱剂提供了一定的理论参考。     

具条实蝇研究综述

具条实蝇[Bactrocera(Zeugodacus)scutellata(Hendel)]是我国对外重要检疫害虫,地理分布广,危害程度重,使我国果蔬生产遭受了严重经济损失。文章综述了具条实蝇的形态特征、分类地位、寄主范围、地理分布、种群数量动态以及分子生物学等方面的研究进展,并提出未来研究展望。     

Comparative biology of Mallada desjardinsi (navas) and Chrysoperla congrua (walker) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), predators of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and aphis gossypii (glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on cotton in eastern Tanzania

The developmental biology of Mallada desjardinsi (Navas) and Chrysoperla congrua (Walker) on the American bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera and the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii was studied in the laboratory at 28–32°C. Total larva! periods of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua on H. armigera eggs were 14.4 and 14.8 days respectively. However, when reared on A. gossypii larval periods of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua were 14.9 and 13.5 days respectively. When reared on H. armigera 52.9% and 25% respectively of third instars of M. desjardinsis and C. congrua sp. died before pupation. However, when reared on A. gossypii 82.6% and 46.9% respectively of third instars of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua died before pupation. Thus, H. armigera eggs and A. gossypii nymphs were both adequate but not optimal diets for chrysopid larval development. The number of prey consumed by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua increased with instar. Total larval consumption of H. armigera by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua was determined to be 135.5 and 169.8 eggs respectively. However, total larval consumption of A. gossypii by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua was found to be 189.0 and 171.8 nymphs respectively. Because of its longer larval period, and higher consumption of A. gossypii, M. desjardinsi would be better suited for use against A. gossypii than C. congrua. In contrast, C. congrua whose consumption of H. armigera was higher than that of M. desjardinsi although their larval periods were similar, would appear promising for control of H. armigera.     

胡瓜新小绥螨对B型烟粉虱的控制能力

为明确胡瓜新小绥螨Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudermans对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci Gennadius的控害潜能,在（26±1）℃、相对湿度65%±5%、光周期16L：8D条件下,研究了各螨态胡瓜新小绥螨对不同发育阶段烟粉虱的捕食作用。结果表明,胡瓜新小绥螨幼螨期较短,不取食烟粉虱,其他不同螨态的胡瓜新小绥螨可捕食除4龄若虫和成虫以外的其他各虫态的烟粉虱,捕食功能反应符合HollingⅡ型;胡瓜新小绥螨雌成螨对烟粉虱卵的日捕食量最大（8.5粒/雌）,对烟粉虱3龄若虫的日捕食量最小（2.1头/雌）;雌成螨对烟粉虱卵具有较高的瞬间攻击率（0.038）和寻找效应（0.025）。研究表明,胡瓜新小绥螨对烟粉虱卵及低龄若虫的捕食能力较强,是烟粉虱发生初期的有效天敌。     

Base-catalysed hydrolysis of (E)- and (Z)-mevinphos

The rates at which (E)- and (Z)-mevinphos are hydrolysed in aqueous solutions in the pH range 8.7–11.5, and in the temperature range 30–50°C, have been measured. The overall activation parameters have been calculated, and equations to allow calculation of the rates in any basic conditions are given. The complicated routes by which (E)- and (Z)-mevinphos are hydrolysed to simple molecules have been deduced. The rates for the individual steps in each route have been either measured experimentally, or have been calculated through analogue simulation of all the reactions, by matching the calculated to the observed ultraviolet spectral changes during hydrolysis. It is proposed that (Z)-2-carboxyl-1-methylvinyl dimethyl phosphate is not observed as a hydrolysis product of (Z)-mevinphos because it decomposes by an extremely fast intramolecular reaction. The reasons for the greater lability of (E)-mevinphos are also discussed.     

Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera,Gelechiidae) in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Pheromone traps were placed in the market place in Banja Luka, and in greenhouses and open field tomato crops, on 13 September 2010 to determine the presence of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Banja Luka region. Based on examination of traps, the presence of T. absoluta was confirmed for the first time in the Republic of Srpska. Only mines of Liriomyza species were found by examining leaves under a stereomicroscope. In 2011, pheromone traps were placed in greenhouses at several locations (Banja Luka, Prijedor, Novi Grad, Kozarska Dubica, Ljubinje and Trebinje) at the beginning of June, and in open fields in Bijeljina and Trebinje at the beginning of September. Examination of the traps was carried out at intervals of 15 days. A sample of 100 leaves, taken from 20 randomly selected plants, was examined in order to evaluate the intensity of the attack. The first adults were caught in greenhouses in Ljubinje and Trebinje on 18 June 2011; in open field crops in Bijeljina on 9 September 2011 and in Banja Luka on 5 October 2011. Adults were not captured in Prijedor, Novi Grad or Kozarska Dubica, and no mined leaves were observed. The intensity of attack was evaluated on the basis of active infestation (percentage of leaves with active mines compared with all mined leaves). The strongest intensity of active infestation was recorded in the open field crops in Trebinje, where 19% of leaves with active mines were found.     

多异瓢虫对豆无网长管蚜捕食作用研究

在实验室内测定了多异瓢虫成虫,各龄幼虫对豆无网长管蚜的捕食作用,结果表明,多异瓢虫成虫及4龄幼虫对豆无网长管蚜有较强的捕食作用;多异瓢虫成虫及各龄幼虫对豆无网长管蚜密度的功能反应符合Holling-Ⅱ型;多异瓢虫成虫自身密度的功能反应能用Hassell数学模型较好地反映。     

Gele roest (Puccinia glumarum) op kropaar (Dactylis glomerata)

Summary During four years yellow rust was observed on cocksfoot. Telia did not occur in the field, but in the glasshouse they appeared. In the field only the minority of cocksfoot-plants was susceptible. Hibernation in the field was not observed, the yellow rust could only be stated in summer after May.In several inoculation-experiments it was found, that this origin of yellow rust was not pathogenic for several varieties of wheat, barley and rye. The type of infection was always i and 00-0.According to the experiments of Straib, this type of yellow rust might be identical to physiologie race 36. Otherwise it is a new physiologie race, till now not numbered.