臭氧水浇灌对土壤营养成分及草莓幼苗生理特性的影响

以草莓和土壤为试验材料和研究对象,采用1.0mg·L-1的臭氧水对土壤进行浇灌处理,通过测定土壤矿质元素含量、有机质含量和pH及草莓幼苗根系活力、叶片叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性等指标,研究了臭氧水浇灌对土壤营养成分及草莓幼苗生理特性的影响,以期为提高草莓产量和品质提供技术参考。结果表明:臭氧水浇灌可显著增加土壤中大量元素N和P及微量元素Zn的含量,显著增加草莓幼苗根系活力和叶片抗氧化酶活性,提高了草莓幼苗的抗逆性,对土壤pH及草莓幼苗叶片叶绿素含量影响较小,但使土壤有机质含量显著降低。     

臭氧水对菠菜幼苗生理特性及营养成分的影响

以大田菠菜为试验材料,采用1.0 mg·L~(-1)臭氧水土壤浇灌和0.6 mg·L~(-1)臭氧水叶片喷施处理,测定菠菜幼苗相关生理指标和营养成分。结果表明,臭氧水浇灌和喷施处理显著增加菠菜幼苗鲜质量,分别比对照增加了80.07%和14.49%,明显促进菠菜幼苗生长;显著降低菠菜叶片质膜透性,分别比对照降低了53.85%和46.15%,提高了菠菜幼苗的抗逆能力;显著增加菠菜叶片氮素含量、SPAD值和叶绿素含量,浇灌处理分别比对照增加了30.74%,54.17%和125.32%,喷施处理分别比对照增加了12.45%,26.28%和89.87%,明显提高了菠菜幼苗的光合能力;显著增加菠菜叶片Fe、B和Mn含量及维生素C和可溶性糖含量,浇灌处理分别比对照增加了62.69%,30.08%,70.48%,22.58%和100.69%,喷施处理分别比对照增加了52.24%,21.59%,20.75%,9.68%和29.95%,明显改善了菠菜幼苗生理特性,提高了产量和品质。与叶片喷施处理相比,臭氧水浇灌处理的效果更好。     

不同氮肥对韭菜生长和品质的影响

用盆栽法研究了不同氮肥对韭菜生长、叶绿素总量、硝酸盐含量及营养品质的影响。研究结果表明,完全使用铵态氮会抑制韭菜的生长,降低产量;随着硫酸铵的浓度增大,硝酸盐含量逐渐减少,但可溶性糖含量却呈先上升后下降的趋势;提高硝酸钙浓度,可明显提高维生素C含量和叶绿素的总量,但可溶性蛋白却下降;尿素可明显提高产量和可溶性蛋白的含量。综合比较,当硫酸铵、硝酸钙、尿素浓度分别为0.4%,0.6%,0.6%时,韭菜产量高且硝酸盐含量低,品质好。     

大棚连作对韭菜综合性状的影响

通过定点田间试验和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了连作对韭菜产量、品质、叶绿素含量和植株营养水平的影响。结果表明:韭菜的产量与连作年限呈显著的负相关,连作对不同刀次韭菜可溶性蛋白含量影响不明显,但是随着连作年限增加不同刀次的韭菜VC含量、粗纤维含量、叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量均下降;连作对第1刀的N素含量没有显著差异,第2刀的N素含量随着年限的增加有所降低;P素含量随连作年限的变化较为明显,随着连作年限的增加不同刀次的韭菜植株P含量减少。     

不同供氮水平对韭菜产量和品质的影响

 采用水培法研究了不同供氮水平对‘汉中冬韭’产量、硝酸盐含量和营养品质的影响。结果表明: 2～20 mmol·L ^{- 1}氮素水平范围内, 随韭菜叶片硝酸盐含量增加硝酸还原酶活性也呈升高趋势。当氮素水平为8～12 mmol·L ^{- 1}时, 韭菜产量、维生素C、可溶性糖、蛋白质含量均处于较高水平, 而硝酸盐含量和纤维素含量处于较低水平。以产量和品质作为衡量指标, 水培韭菜以8～12 mmol·L ^{- 1}的氮素水平为宜。     

烯效唑浸种对韭菜幼苗生长及产量的影响

研究了烯效唑浸种处理对韭苗幼苗生长及其定植后早期产量的影响.结果表明:1～20 mg/L的烯效唑浸种处理均能控制韭菜幼苗的徒长,增加假茎粗度,提高壮苗指数.5 mg/L 烯效唑浸种处理促根壮苗效果最佳.大田试验表明,利用5、10 mg/L烯效唑浸种处理的增产幅度为11.5%～14.7%.     

不同供氮水平对韭菜生长及硝酸盐含量的影响

研究了不同施氮量对韭菜产量、硝酸盐含量及品质的影响。结果表明,韭菜产量随氮素水平的提高呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,韭菜叶片硝酸盐含量和硝酸还原酶活性均随着施氮量的增加而升高,当供氮量在240kg/hm2时,韭菜产量、维生素C、可溶性糖、蛋白质含量均处于较高水平,而硝酸盐含量处于较低水平。以产量和品质作为衡量指标,以240kg/hm2的施氮量为宜。     

施氮对大棚韭菜产量和品质的影响

为了探明氮素与韭菜产量和品质的关系,采用田间小区试验与室内分析相结合的方法进行了研究。结果表明:韭菜扣棚期施氮量与产量呈抛物线关系,养根期产量随施氮量的增加而增加,但是超过225 kg/hm2之后边际效应降低;韭菜的Vc、粗纤维和可溶性糖含量随扣棚期施氮量的增加而减少,随养根期施氮量的增加先增加后减少,韭菜的可溶性蛋白含量随施氮量的增加而增加。同时韭菜的产量和品质对养根期施肥比扣棚期施肥敏感,因此韭菜的氮肥关键期是养根期。     

氨基酸处理对水培韭菜产量、品质及风味的影响

水培韭菜风味不及土壤栽培韭菜,其原因在于风味前体物质CSO积累不足。为提升水培韭菜风味,将4种参与CSO生物合成的氨基酸(缬氨酸、丝氨酸、半胱氨酸和谷氨酸)添加到营养液中,研究4种氨基酸对水培韭菜生长发育、营养品质及风味的影响。试验结果表明,氨基酸处理对光合色素含量和营养品质指标影响不大,而对韭菜生长指标、产量及辛辣度的影响不尽相同,其中以谷氨酸处理效果最佳,不但能显著促进韭菜生长,增加产量和VC含量,而且能显著提高4个韭菜FMO基因表达,韭菜辛辣度提升至土壤栽培产品水平。综上所述,在营养液中添加1 mmol · L^-1谷氨酸,能够有效改善韭菜品质,增加产量,显著提高辛辣度,提升韭菜风味。     

盐胁迫对韭菜种子萌发及早期幼苗生长的影响

目的：研究盐胁迫对韭菜种子萌发及早期幼苗生长的影响。方法：将种子置于培养皿内的滤纸上,分别加入0（对照）、25、50、75、100、125、150、175     

不同光质LED光源对鱼腥草幼苗膜脂过氧化及抗氧化酶的影响

以鱼腥草为材料,以日光灯处理为对照,分析了不同光质LED光源(白、红、黄、绿、蓝LED灯)对鱼腥草叶片活性氧、类黄酮含量及抗氧化酶的影响。结果表明,蓝光下叶片中TBARS(硫代巴比妥酸)含量最高,较对照高30.18%,与希夫试剂染色结果相一致;过氧化氢产生最多,较对照高190.21%,与DAB染色结果一致;超氧阴离子产生速率在蓝光下最高,为对照组的1.54倍,白光下最低;蓝、绿光下脯氨酸含量是对照的2倍;蓝光和黄光处理下,黄酮含量较对照提高了21.4%。蓝、绿光提高了SOD2同工酶的表达,且在蓝光下最高;蓝、绿、红、黄光处理分别诱导了更多的POD基因位点的表达;不同LED光质均提高了CAT抗氧化酶活性,其中蓝、绿光下CAT同工酶的表达量明显高于对照。综上所述,蓝色光处理可以有效提高幼苗的抗氧化能力,可为鱼腥草品质的控制提供参考。     

磁化咸水灌溉对葡萄生长和土壤矿质养分的影响

【目的】以2 a(年)生'夏黑'葡萄(Vitis vinifera×V. labrusca'Summer Black')为试材,分析了磁化咸水灌溉后土壤根系形态特征和不同形态养分含量,以揭示磁化咸水灌溉对葡萄幼苗生长和土壤矿质养分特征的影响。【方法】分别采用0、3.0和6.0 g·L~(~(-1))三种不同质量浓度的咸水灌溉葡萄幼苗,磁化处理是接入磁化器装置处理灌溉水。通过野外调查和室内试验相结合的方法,对咸水和磁化咸水灌溉后葡萄幼苗生物学特性、叶片和土壤不同形态氮磷钾以及土壤微量元素含量进行分析。【结果】磁化处理对新梢生长量、叶面积、叶片数、根系总长度、表面积、平均直径、体积、土壤全氮、有效磷含量有极显著影响(p0.01),对速效钾含量有显著影响(p0.05);NaCl处理对葡萄地上部分生长指标、根系形态指标、叶片Fe、Mn、Zn、土壤硝态氮、无机氮、全磷、有效磷、速效钾、Mn和Zn含量有极显著影响(p0.01);两处理交互作用对叶片Zn、土壤铵态氮、有效磷、速效钾含量有极显著影响(p0.01),对叶片Fe、Mn、土壤中无机氮和Cu含量有显著影响(p0.05);M_0与NM_0相比,叶面积和叶片的Zn分别提高19.42%和57.18%,差异显著(p0.05);M3与NM3相比,新梢生长量、叶面积、叶片数、根系总长度、表面积、平均直径、体积均显著提高(p0.05),叶片Zn、土壤全氮、铵态氮、无机氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别显著降低19.41%、44.37%、27.79%、29.72%、28.53%和10.40%(p0.05);M6与NM6相比,新梢生长量、叶面积和根系总长度、叶片Fe和Mn含量分别提高25.56%、26.16%、33.75%、5.87%和15.57%,土壤Cu的含量降低10.72%,差异显著(p0.05)。【结论】磁化咸水灌溉能促进矿质养分的积累和有效态养分的释放,促进植物对有效态养分的吸收利用,促进盐分环境中植物的生长发育以及改善土壤-植物间的养分循环,为微咸水或咸水资源的开发及应用提供理论依据。     

不同土壤水分含量对杧果盆栽幼苗光合作用、蒸腾和气孔导度的影响

对不同土壤水分含量条件下杧果盆栽幼苗净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度以及其日变化规律的研究表明:土壤水分含量过高(土壤含水量为33.3%)或明显不足(土壤含水量为17.3%),杧果盆栽幼苗的净光合速率和气孔导度显著降低,但对净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度的日变化规律影响不大,杧果盆栽幼苗适宜进行光合作用的土壤含水量有一个区间,根据试验可以大致判断为20.2%～25.4%。土壤水分含量过高、正常(土壤含水量为25.4%和22.5%)或轻度不足(土壤含水量为20.2%)对杧果盆栽幼苗蒸腾速率的影响不大,但土壤水分含量明显不足会显著降低其蒸腾速率,土壤含水量与相应的气孔导度表现为较强的相关性。     

EM菌肥对黄瓜根际土壤酶活性的影响

为探讨EM(effective microorganisms)菌肥对黄瓜根际土壤酶活性的影响,以旱黄瓜‘绿剑’为试验材料,对育苗土壤分别通过土壤表面喷施和均匀拌入2种方式施入EM菌肥,并在育苗期对黄瓜根际多种土壤酶活性进行测定。试验结果表明:EM菌肥能够不同程度的提高土壤酶活性,相同施用浓度下,均匀混入土壤的施用方式能够更好地提高土壤酶活性,而相同施用方式下0.5%浓度的EM菌肥能够更加有效地提高土壤酶活性。     

Effects of ozone and sulfur dioxide on grapevines

Greenhouse-grown ‘Ives’ and ‘Delaware’ grapevines (Vitis labruscana, Bailey) were fumigated for 4-hours with ozone (O₃) and/or sulfur dioxide (SO₂) at 0.40 and 0.80 mg l^?1. Fumigations were performed in a plexiglass chamber situated within a controlled environment walk-in growth chamber. When applied separately, both gases induced characteristic foliar injury. ‘Ives’ grapevines were much more sensitive to $\text{O}{}_3\text{SO}{}_2$ fumigations than were ‘Delaware’ grapevines. Within each cultivar, leaf necrosis and shoot growth reduction were greatest following fumigation with 0.80 mg l^?1 O₃ plus 0.80 mg l^?1 SO₂. Leaf abscission occurred only on ‘Ives’ and was related to foliar necrosis. Shoot growth following fumigation was less on vines having most foliar necrosis. Yet, ‘Delaware’ vines showing less than 1% leaf area necrosis still had significant reductions in shoot growth. All O₃ and SO₂ fumigations resulted in stomatal opening.     

Effects of diazoxide preconditioning on mitochondrial respiratory function and enzyme activity in rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of the selective mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channels opener diazoxide on mitochondrial respiratory function and enzyme activity in isolated rat myocardium under ischemia/reperfusion.METHODS: Observation was made on rat hearts perfused with Langendorff apparatus.72 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal group (NOR),ischemia reperfusion (IR),diazoxide group (DIA) and 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) antagonized diazoxide group (5HD-DIA).Hearts isolated from SD rats were mounted on a Langendorff apparatus and started with a 20 min perfusion for equilibration.NOR went on perfusion for another 100 min after equilibration.IR underwent 40 min global ischemia and followed by 30 min reperfusion after 30 min stabilization.DIA was administered with K-H solution containing diazoxide at concentration of 50 μmol/L for 10 min before ischemia and reperfusion.5HD-DIA was infused with 100 μmol/L 5-HD (a specific mitochondrial ATP sensitive K+ channel blocker) and the same procedure was carried out as DIA group.Hearts were taken down to extract mitochondrial at the end-equation,before ischemia and at the end-reperfusion for determination of mitochondrial respiratory function and the enzyme activity of mitochondria.RESULTS: At the end of reperfusion,mitochondrial respiratory function (mitochondrial respiratory control rate,P/O ratio and state 3 respiration) and mitochondrial enzyme activity (NADH oxidase,succinate oxidase and cytochrome C oxidase) in DIA group were better than those in IR group and 5HD-DIA group (P<0.05),but worse than those NOR group (P<0.01).No significant difference in all parameters was observed between IR and 5HD-DIA (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Preconditioning with mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium channel opener,diazoxide,protects rat heart mitochondria against ischemia-reperfusion injury.The mechanisms are involved in the safeguarding of respiratory function and activity of enzymes of respiratory chain.     

Effects of folic acid on antioxidant enzyme,nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide in ovariectomized rats

AIM: To observe the effects of folic acid (FA) on antioxidant enzyme, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.METHODS: Forty three-month-old female SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham group, OVX group, diethylstilbestrol group (0.03 mg·kg^-1·d^-1), low-dose FA group (5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) and high-dose FA group (20 mg·kg^-1·d^-1). Gastric gavage started 1 week after operation and lasted for 10 weeks. The rats in sham group and OVX group were given distilled water instead of FA as controls. At the end of the 10th week, the L₅ vertebra and right femur were removed for determination of bone mineral density (BMD). The bone homogenates were made using the L₃ and L₄ vertebrae. The levels of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), NOS and NO were detected in plasma and bone homogenates.RESULTS: Compared with sham group, the BMD levels in L₅ vertebra and right femur and the levels of GSH-Px and NO in the plasma were all decreased. The levels of TAC, GSH-Px, NOS and NO in the bone homogenates were also decreased, while the MDA concentration was increased in OVX group (all P < 0.01). Compared with OVX group, the levels of TAC, GSH-Px, NOS, NO and BMD of the L₅ vertebra and right femur were all increased, while the MDA concentration was decreased in high-dose FA group (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: In female SD rats, ovariectomy leads to a significant reduction of antioxidant enzyme, NOS and NO levels. Oxidative stress is possibly involved in the development of osteoporosis. Protection against osteoporosis by high-dose FA may be linked to improvement of antioxidant enzyme activity, the levels of NOS and NO as well as a reduction of oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats.     

NaCl胁迫对尖果沙枣实生苗膜脂过氧化与抗氧化酶系的影响

以1a生尖果沙枣实生苗为材料进行不同程度的NaCl胁迫处理,研究其细胞膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化。结果表明,在胁迫的不同时期,各处理膜透性的变化呈增加的趋势,且随时间的延长各处理中叶片的膜透性也逐渐增大。整个处理过程中,MDA含量逐渐增加,但增加幅度不大,表明脂质过氧化反应水平较低。各处理中SOD和CAT活性整体上呈增加趋势,其中NaCl胁迫30d,随盐度的加重其活性达到最大值。另外,胁迫20d以内,POD活性随NaCl浓度的升高先增加后下降,并相同的处理中,随着时间的延长有所降低。经相关性分析可知,尖果沙枣的膜透性、MDA含量与抗氧化酶活性之间有一定的关系,表明尖果沙枣细胞膜透性与脂质过氧化产物(MDA)含量有关,也与组织中抗氧化酶活性密切相关。     

短截和灌水对砀山酥梨花芽萌发的效应初探

冬季对人为“暖冬”条件下砀山酶梨进行“灌水”、“短截配合灌水”、“短截”处理,结果表明：3种处理均能提高砀山酥梨的花芽萌发率和花序平均花朵数。“短截配合灌水”的效果最好,可作为“暖冬”年份保证砀山酶梨花芽及时萌发的关键技术措施。