母猪低剂量深部输精技术研究

本研究旨在通过优化输精剂量和输精内管插入深度,为低剂量深部输精技术推广应用提供技术参考。实验一,检测12组不同有效精子数（30亿、15亿、7.5亿、5亿）和输精体积（80、60、40 mL）的低剂量猪精液分别保存12、24、48、72 h后的精子活率,30亿/80 mL为对照组,以寻找不影响保存效果和繁殖性能的最低输精剂量;实验二,评价筛选出的低剂量精液深部输精效果,常规输精30亿/80 mL为对照组,每组输精100头,测定母猪的受胎率、分娩率、产仔数等繁殖性能参数;实验三,测量统计大白、长白、二元不同品种和3胎以下、3胎以上不同胎次母猪深部输精内管插入深度。结果表明：与对照组相比,不同有效精子数和体积的精液在保存12、24、48、72 h后相同时间的精子活率无显著差异;10亿/80 mL、7.5亿/80 mL、15亿/40mL和7.5亿/40mL组低剂量精液保存72h后的精子活率低于保存12h(P<0.05);低剂量深部输精组的受胎率和分娩率与对照组无显著性差异;深部输精15亿/80 mL、15亿/40 mL和7.5亿/40 mL组不影响窝均产仔数（P>0.05）,提高了...     

不同输精方式及输精剂量和次数对母猪繁殖性能的影响研究

为研究不同输精方式和有效精子数及输精剂量、输精次数对母猪繁殖性能的影响,将每周断奶母猪约60多头随机分成2组,即为对照组和试验组。分别进行了不同输精方式和有效精子数及输精剂量、输精次数的试验,每个试验2个重复(连续2周),并对结果进行比较分析。结果表明:深部输精与常规输精方式的受孕率、配种分娩率、窝均总产仔数、初生窝重等指标差异不显著(P>0.05),深部输精窝均产活仔数14.43头,高于常规输精0.61头,但差异不显著(P>0.05);深部输精15亿/60mL组、10亿/40mL组与常规输精22亿/80 mL组受孕率、窝均总产仔数等指标差异不显著(P>0.05);2次深部输精组和3次深部输精组的受孕率和配种分娩率基本持平,差异不显著(P>0.05);窝均总产仔数、窝均产活仔数、初生窝重等指标2次深部输精组略高于3次深部输精组,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上,深部输精可以有效保证母猪的繁殖成绩,并且可以降低输精剂量(15亿/60mL)和输精次数(2次)。     

10cm适度深部输精对杜洛克、长白和大白母猪繁殖性能的影响

以杜洛克、长白和大白母猪群为研究对象,探究10 cm适度深部输精对3个品种母猪繁殖性能的影响。选择杜洛克母猪60头、长白母猪65头、大白母猪93头,按品种随机分为深部输精组和常规输精组,其中深部输精组采用10 cm适度深部输精方法。分析两种输精方式对3个品种母猪的受胎率、分娩率、活仔率和健仔率等繁殖性能指标的影响。结果表明,从输精前期操作时间看,3个品种母猪深部输精组极显著长于常规输精组（P〈0.01）,长白和大白母猪深部输精组精液输入时间则明显短于常规输精组（P〈0.05）。从受胎率和分娩率看,大白母猪、杜洛克母猪和长白母猪深部输精和常规输精组间没有显著差异（P〉0.05）。深部输精与常规输精组中杜洛克和大白母猪相比,母猪窝产仔数、窝产活仔数和窝产健仔数差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。长白母猪深部输精组窝产仔数和窝产活仔数显著高于常规输精组（P〈0.05）。另外,两种输精方式对3个品种母猪活仔率和健仔率没有影响（P〉0.05）。因此,为提高人工授精技术的效率和产仔性能,建议在长白母猪繁育过程中采用10 cm适度深部输精技术。     

暑热季节采用10 cm适度深部输精与常规输精研究不同剂量和有效精子数对丹系大白母猪繁殖性能的影响

为进一步探讨不同输精剂量和不同有效精子数对经产母猪繁殖性能的影响,推广10 cm适度深部输精技术,于暑热季节在罗牛山南吕原种猪场,以10 cm适度深部输精和常规输精作为主要配种方式,进行降低输精剂量和有效精子数的扩大试验。将发情母猪随机分为深部输精组（n=90）和常规输精组（n=90）。对2组母猪分别用不同的输精剂量（30亿/80 mL;15亿/80 mL;15亿/40 mL;n=30）进行输精。结果表明,与常规输精组相比,深部输精组配种后21 d内淘汰率为0,低于常规输精组的4.44%,差异不显著（P〉0.05）;受胎率和分娩率分别为93.33%和87.78%,高于常规输精组的85.56%和83.33%,差异不显著（P〉0.05）;深部输精可提高经产母猪的产活仔数和健仔数,分别提高0.55和0.66头,差异不显著（P〉0.05）。无论是深部输精还是常规输精,降低输精剂量和有效精子数到15亿/40 mL,均可获得与30亿/80 mL输精量一样的产仔效果,这一结果可使优秀种公猪利用率提高1倍,降低了国标《GB23238-2009》中对外种猪输精剂量的要求,建议扩大试验并推广使用。     

采用深部输精与常规输精研究不同剂量和有效精子数对经产母猪繁殖力的影响

为探讨不同输精剂量与不同有效精子数对经产母猪繁殖力的影响,使用深部输精和常规输精作为主要配种方式。将发情母猪随机分为2组,A组为深部输精组(n=60),B组为常规输精组(n=60)。对A、B组内母猪分别用不同的输精剂量(Ⅰ:30亿/80 mL、Ⅱ:15亿/80 mL、Ⅲ:15亿/40 mL;n=20)进行输精。结果表明:与常规输精相比,深部输精组的受胎率和分娩率分别为93.33%和88.33%,略高于常规输精组的86.67%和83.33%,但差异不显著(P>0.05);但深部输精可显著提高经产母猪的产仔数和产活仔数,分别提高1.07头和1.15头。无论是深部输精还是常规输精,15亿/80 mL的输精量,均可获得与30亿/80 mL输精量一致的产仔效果,这一结果可以使优秀种公猪的利用率提高1倍,降低了最新国标《GB23238-2009》中对外种猪输精剂量的要求,建议扩大实验并推广使用。     

猪深部输精首次输精时间和输精深度对母猪繁殖性能的影响研究

为研究深部输精首次输精时间和输精深度对母猪繁殖性能的影响,将该场每周断奶母猪约60头随机分成两组,组建试验群体。分别进行了首次输精时间和输精深度的2个单因素试验,每个试验2个重复(连做2周),并对结果进行比较分析。结果表明,首次输精时间12 h组的受孕率和配种分娩率略高于24 h组,但差异不显著(P 0.05);但24 h组窝均总产仔高于12 h组1.65头,差异显著(P 0.05);窝均产活仔24 h组高于12 h组1.12头,差异不显著(P 0.05)。深部输精10 cm组与15 cm组受孕率、配种分娩率差异不显著(P 0.05);10 cm组窝均总产仔及窝均产活仔略高于15 cm组,差异不显著(P 0.05)。综上,深部输精最佳的首次输精时间为"静立反射"出现后24 h;输精深度对母猪繁殖性能影响差异不显著。     

云南陆良县母猪子宫深部输精与常规输精对比试验研究

为研究母猪子宫深部输精与常规输精的差异,选择153头2~3胎滇陆母猪分成3组,即60 m L深部输精组48头、40 m L深部输精组52头和80 m L常规输精组53头;选择同场台系杜洛克公猪人工授精。另选择67头2~3胎丹麦大约克母猪分成3组,即60 m L深部输精组21头、20m L深部输精组22头和80 m L常规输精组24头;选择同场的丹麦长白种公猪人工授精。结果表明,与常规输精80 m L组相比,滇陆母猪子宫深部输精60 m L组情期受胎率、窝产仔数和窝产活仔数分别提高0.82个百分点(P0.05)、0.20头(P0.05)和0.65头(P0.05);子宫深部输精40 m L组情期受胎率和窝产活仔数分别提高1.70个百分点(P0.05)和0.27头(P0.05),窝产仔数降低0.04头(P0.05)。丹麦大约克母猪子宫深部输精60 m L组情期受胎率、窝产仔数和窝产活仔数分别提高2.97个百分点(P0.05)、0.78头(P0.05)和0.85头(P0.05);子宫深部输精20 m L组情期受胎率提高3.40个百分点(P0.05),窝产仔数和窝产活仔数分别降低0.30头(P0.05)和0.52头(P0.05)。结论:母猪子宫深部输精可减少精液使用量而不影响受胎率和产仔数,建议扩大试验后推广使用。     

不同输精方式和不同精液类型对母猪繁殖性能的影响

为探究不同输精方法(常规输精和深部输精)和不同精液类型(新鲜精液和冷冻精液)对母猪繁殖性能的影响。对使用新鲜精液常规输精和深部输精、冷冻精液常规输精和深部输精、以及不同剂量的冷冻精液配种效果进行比较分析。结果表明:新鲜精液采用深部输精可显著提高受孕率,总产仔数(12.71头)、活仔数(11.54头)、健仔数(11.17头)、初生重(1.65 kg)等繁殖性状均显著高于常规输精(P0.05);使用冷冻精液显著地降低了受孕率41.38%和受孕分娩率41.38%(P0.05),新鲜精液输精后代在初生窝重和健仔重等性状上表现出明显优势(P0.05);此外对冷冻精液采用深部输精技术时,适当加大输精剂量能显著提高母猪繁殖性能,总产仔数等繁殖性状能够达到常规输精的效果水平。说明实现冷冻精液技术与深部输精技术的结合能够显著提高猪的繁殖生产效率。     

母猪深部输精技术的临床应用及效果观察

摘要：本文对母猪深部输精技术的临床应用及效果进行观察试验。临床对比试验结果显示,母猪深部输精、常规输精、本交配种的受胎率分别为83.33%、78.13%和82.14%,窝均产仔数分别为11.2头、9.72头和11.04头,表明深部输精的配种受胎率、窝均产仔数显著优于常规输精(P<0.05),与本交配种相当,无显著差异性(P>0.05)。不同输精量对母猪繁殖性能影响的试验结果显示,输精量分别为20 mL/次、40 mL/次、60 mL/次、80 mL/次的配种受胎率分别为75.58%、82.14%、81.48%和82.50%,窝均产仔数分别为8.58头、10.57头、10.82头和10.95头;表明深部输精的理想剂量为40 mL/次(有效精子数为15亿个),与输精量为20 mL/次相比,差异显著(P<0.05),与输精量为60 mL/次、80 mL/次相比,差异不显著(P>0.05)。深部输精技术对母猪子宫内膜炎的影响试验发现,规模养殖场和散养户中母猪子宫炎的发病率分别为2.78%和5.88%;母猪发情率分别为94.44%和89.47%;情期受胎率分别为94.12%和89.47%。由此表明,深部输精造成母猪子宫损伤的概率极低(2%～5%),一般不影响母猪的再次发情和排卵,是成熟的输精技术。     

海东地区猪深部输精技术应用效果初探

为探索深部输精技术在高原地区利用可能性及应用效果,我们在海东地区将深部输精与常规输精效果进行对比,选择144头3～4胎杜长大母猪随机分成3组,A1深部输精组,20mL输精量; A2深部输精组,40mL输精量; B组为常规输精组,输精量60mL;选择同场杜洛克公猪进行人工授精。结果显示,与常规输精相比,A2组和A1组,情期受胎率分别提高1. 70%和1. 13%(P 0. 05),窝产仔数分别提高0. 89和0. 41头(P 0. 05); A1组窝产活仔数提高0. 14头,A2组下降0. 20头(P 0. 05)。结论:母猪子宫深部输精可以减少精液使用量33%～67%,受胎率、产仔数等均有不同程度提高,窝产活子数虽有所下降,但差异不显著,建议扩大试验后推广应用。     

曲普瑞林对初产母猪定时输精效果的影响

为探讨曲普瑞林对初产母猪定时输精效果的影响,本实验选择健康、体况相近的产后21 d断奶的初产母猪81头,随机分为对照组、生理盐水组、戈那瑞林组和曲普瑞林组。对照组母猪断奶后进行发情鉴定并适时输精,其余3组母猪断奶后24 h注射孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG),72 h后分别肌肉注射生理盐水2 mL、戈那瑞林100μg、曲普瑞林200μg,间隔24 h、40 h进行定时输精。统计各组母猪发情率、卵泡直径、激素浓度和繁殖性能。结果显示:曲普瑞林组母猪断奶后7 d内发情率(88.46%)最高(P>0.05),卵泡直径在第4天达到最大并高于其他各组(P<0.05);曲普瑞林组的参繁配种率高于对照组(P<0.05),批次妊娠率较对照组有提高趋势(P>0.05),窝产总仔数(11.88头)高于生理盐水组(P<0.05),窝产活仔数为10.13头,与生理盐水组差异不显著,曲普瑞林组的仔猪指数较生理盐水组提高144头(P>0.05)。综上,曲普瑞林应用于定时输精程序可提高初产母猪的繁殖性能及利用率。     

复合添加剂对解冻后奶牛性控冻精质量及受胎率的影响

【目的】试验旨在研究以褪黑素和地诺前列腺素组成的复合添加剂对奶牛性控冻精解冻后精子质量及奶牛人工授精后受胎率的影响。【方法】30份奶牛性控冻精样均分为2组：试验组和对照组,试验组添加由24 ng/mL褪黑素、1.5 mg/mL地诺前列腺素及精液稀释液组成的250μL复合添加剂,对照组添加250μL精液稀释液,试验组和对照组均与解冻后的奶牛性控冻精按照1∶1(V/V)进行混合,室温孵育0、2及4 h,通过免疫荧光染色分析精子活率、顶体完整率、高能线粒体活性精子比率;对216头青年奶牛和82头头胎奶牛输精后通过28 d早孕检测来确定受胎率情况。【结果】与对照组相比,经复合添加剂处理0 h的性控冻精活率、顶体完整率及高能线粒体活性精子比率均无显著变化(P>0.05);经复合添加剂处理2 h的性控冻精活率、顶体完整率、高能线粒体活性精子比率均显著升高(P<0.05);经复合添加剂处理4 h的性控冻精活率和顶体完整率均无显著变化(P>0.05),高能线粒体活性精子比率显著升高(P<0.05)。在输精试验中,试验组青年奶牛和头胎奶牛中的受胎率分别为65.22%和48.21%...     

Effect of Oxytocin Treatment on Artificial Insemination with Frozen–Thawed Semen in Murciano–Granadina Goats

The site where the semen is deposited appears to be one of the most important factors affecting pregnancy of inseminated goats. In Murciano–Granadina (MG) goats, post-cervical insemination is achieved in a limited number of females. An effective way to increase fertility rate could be by increasing post-cervical inseminations. Effect of exogenous oxytocin application to facilitate the cervical penetration and its effect on kidding rate and prolificacy in MG goats were investigated. Oestrus was synchronized using progesterone-impregnated sponges for 11 days. Females were randomly divided into three groups (n = 190) and received either an i.v. injection of 100 or 200 IU of oxytocin or saline solution 15 min before being inseminated. Data on semen deposition depth were recorded for each animal using a catheter scaled in centimetres (up to 4 cm). Depth of semen deposition was affected by the oxytocin treatment (p < 0.05). Oxytocin enhanced cervical passage only with the dose of 200 IU compared with the control group, increasing the deposition depth (2.9 cm vs 1.9 cm). No significant effect of oxytocin treatment on kidding rate and prolificacy was detected. Depth of semen deposition affected kidding rate (p < 0.01). In conclusion, oxytocin treatment improved the depth of semen deposition in AI of MG goats, but kidding rate and prolificacy was not affected. More studies must be conducted to assess the minimal effective dose required for sufficient cervical dilation, and to determine the effects of such doses of oxytocin on uterine motility, sperm transport and fertility in goats.     

猪深部输精技术应用研究进展

常规子宫颈人工授精(cervical artificial insemination,CAI)技术输精量大,存在浪费和不经济的问题,尤其在使用高附加值的精液产品时更为突出。近年来,一种高效利用猪精液的深部输精技术得到了研究和应用,这种技术与定时输精技术相结合,直接将精液输送至子宫体、子宫角和输卵管内,减少了每头母猪受孕所需精子数目,大幅度提高了良种公猪的利用价值,有助于实现冷冻保存精液和性控精液在养猪生产上的商业化应用。作者概述了猪人工授精中3种深部输精技术在液态保存、冷冻保存和性控精液上的研究和应用情况。无论实施哪种输精技术,公猪繁殖力、精子活力、母猪的饲养管理、输精时间和人工授精技术操作的规范性都是提高受胎率必须要考虑的因素。     

Pregnancy rates in mares after a single fixed time hysteroscopic insemination of low numbers of frozen-thawed spermatozoa onto the uterotubal junction

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: To compensate for the wide variation in the freezability of stallion spermatozoa, it has become common veterinary practice to carry out repeated ultrasonography of the ovaries of oestrous mares in order to be able to inseminate them within 6-12 h of ovulation with a minimum of 300-500 x 10(6) frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Furthermore, in order to achieve satisfactory fertility, this requirement for relatively high numbers of spermatozoa currently limits our ability to exploit recently available artificial breeding technologies, such as sex-sorted semen, for which only 5-20 x 10(6) spermatozoa are available for insemination. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of hysteroscopic vs. conventional insemination when low numbers of spermatozoa are used at a single fixed time after administration of an ovulation-inducing agent. METHODS: In the present study, pregnancy rates were compared in 86 mares inseminated once only with low numbers of frozen-thawed spermatozoa (3-14 x 10(6)) at 32 h after treatment with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), either conventionally into the body of the uterus or hysteroscopically by depositing a small volume of the inseminate directly onto the uterotubal papilla ipsilateral to the ovary containing the pre-ovulatory follicle. RESULTS: Pregnancy rates were similarly high in mares inseminated conventionally or hysteroscopically with 14 x 10(6) motile frozen-thawed spermatozoa (67% vs. 64%). However, when the insemination dose was reduced to 3 x 10(6) spermatozoa, the pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the mares inseminated hysteroscopically onto the uterotubal junction compared to those inseminated into the uterine body (47 vs. 15%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: When inseminating mares with <10 x 10(6) frozen-thawed stallion spermatozoa, hysteroscopic uterotubal junction deposition of the inseminate is the preferred method. POTENTIAL CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Satisfactory pregnancy rates are achievable after insemination of mares with frozen-thawed semen from fertile stallions 32 h after administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (Chorulon). Furthermore, these results were obtained when mares were inseminated with 14 x 10(6) progressively motile frozen-thawed spermatozoa from 2 stallions of proven fertility.     

大豆黄酮对肉种鸡产蛋和繁殖性能的影响

本试验旨在探索添加大豆黄酮后对肉种鸡产蛋和繁殖性能的影响。选取43周龄体况接近一致(体重、产蛋率)的肉种鸡S2系母鸡240只,随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只:选取1组作为对照组,饲喂无大豆黄酮的基础饲粮,其余3组分别在基础饲粮基础上添加5、10、20 mg/kg大豆黄酮。再挑选20只强健的S2系公鸡采集精液,混精对试验鸡进行人工授精,试验期为15周。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)添加大豆黄酮对S2系母鸡体增重、采食量及死亡率无显著影响(P0.05)。2)添加大豆黄酮后能显著提高产蛋率(P0.05),其中10 mg/kg组产蛋率提高了4.1%(P0.05),日产蛋量提高了3.5%(P0.05),为3组最佳。5、10 mg/kg组料蛋比分别降低了8.0%和11.2%(P0.05)。3)10 mg/kg组受精率、孵化率和健雏率分别提高了13.1%、20.5%和5.8%(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加大豆黄酮能显著影响肉种鸡产蛋和繁殖性能,其中10 mg/kg组综合效果最佳。     

人工授精技术在骡鸭生产中的应用

番鸭与家鸭为不同属的鸭种,自然交配受精率较低,平均受精率为30%～40%。本研究采用人工授精技术,对公番鸭进行隔离调教,按摩法采精,母家鸭以翻肛法输精。结果表明:公番鸭调教1周即可使用,每天采精1次,采精量可达0.8毫升/只;精子在输精后第4天活力最强,两次输精间隔以4天为宜;常温下采出的新鲜精液应在30分钟用完;每只母家鸭每次输精0.05毫升,种蛋受精率平均达71.5%。     

Factors Affecting Pregnancy Rate in Artificial Insemination with Frozen Semen During Non-Breeding Season in Murciano–Granadina Goats: a Field Assay

An artificial insemination programme was carried out to study the effect of factors such as depth of semen deposition, inseminator skill, farm, sire and expression of oestrus on pregnancy rate in Murciano-Granadina (MG) goats during non-breeding season and using frozen semen. Frozen-thawed semen from six males was applied by three technicians to inseminate a total of 551 goats in 17 farms distributed throughout the Mediterranean area of Spain. Pregnancy rate was determined at 6 weeks after insemination by transabdominal ecography. Overall pregnancy rate was 57%. Farm and depth of semen deposition affected pregnancy rate, whereas the sire and the technician had no effect. The deeper the semen was deposited in the genital tract, the higher was the rate of pregnancy obtained, being greater when the catheter reached the uterus. In spite of the relevant difference observed (48.2% vs 59.0%), pregnancy rate of females not coming into oestrus until 30 h after sponge removal was not significantly different, compared with those showing oestrus during the OD procedure. In conclusion, our field assay data on AI in MG goat with frozen-thawed semen showed that post-cervical insemination presented significantly greater pregnancy rate in comparison to when semen is deposited in the vagina or in the caudal part of the cervix.     

Improvement by ergonovine of sperm transport, fertilization and pregnancy rates in ewes in natural or prostaglandin-induced estrus

Eight experiments were conducted with 451 ewes to test effects of ergonovine, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and phenylephrine on sperm transport and fertility. In most experiments, ewes were mated at estrus and necropsied 2 or 3 h later. Sperm were flushed from the oviducts, uterus and anterior, middle and posterior thirds of the cervix and counted. Various doses of PGF2 alpha or phenylephrine given im at mating caused no significant increase in sperm numbers in any segment of the tract 2 h later. Three different dose levels of ergonovine were given im to ewes in natural estrus 1 h after mating and ewes were necropsied 3 h after mating. Doses of .2 and 1.0 mg were ineffective, but .5 mg increased sperm numbers about 10-fold in the oviducts and uterus. When given im at the time of artificial insemination, .6 mg of ergonovine increased the fertilization rate at 3 d from 5/25 in control ewes to 12/25 (P less than .05). In three experiments with ewes in PGF2 alpha-induced estrus, .6 mg of ergonovine increased sperm numbers in the cervix and uterus at 3 h after mating and in the uterus and oviducts at 23 h, near ovulation. Other ewes were artificially inseminated in the external cervical os and one-half of the ewes were given .6 mg of ergonovine im; ewes not returning to estrus were laparotomized at 22 to 26 d and embryos removed. After insemination during natural estrus with .2 ml of semen, pregnancy rates were 14/25 for control ewes and 15/25 for ergonovine-treated ewes; after insemination during natural estrus with .1 ml of semen, 6/35 and 18/35 (P less than .005); after insemination during PGF2 alpha-induced estrus with .2 ml of semen, 7/60 and 12/60. Fertilization and pregnancy rates combined were 32/145 (22%) for all control ewes and 57/145 (39%) for ergonovine-treated ewes (P less than .005).     

Field data analysis of boar semen quality

This contribution provides an overview of approaches to correlate sow fertility data with boar semen quality characteristics. Large data sets of fertility data and ejaculate data are more suitable to analyse effects of semen quality characteristics on field fertility. Variation in fertility in sows is large. The effect of semen factors is relatively small and therefore impossible to find in smaller data sets. Large data sets allow for statistical corrections on both sow- and boar-related parameters. Remaining sow fertility variation can then be assigned to semen quality parameters, which is of huge interest to AI (artificial insemination) companies. Previous studies of Varkens KI Nederland to find the contribution to field fertility of (i) the number of sperm cells in an insemination dose, (ii) the sperm motility and morphological defects and (iii) the age of semen at the moment of insemination are discussed in context of the possibility to apply such knowledge to select boars on the basis of their sperm parameters for AI purposes.