滨海湿地土壤盐离子对植物群落的响应研究

对黄河三角洲柽柳、碱蓬、芦苇、棉田4种群落土壤剖面可溶性盐离子差异进行了分析,结果表明:(1)土壤全盐在0~10cm土层含量大小表现为柽柳碱蓬芦苇棉田,在20cm以下土壤全盐含量为碱蓬柽柳芦苇棉田,这与碱蓬对Na~+、Cl~-吸收能力较强有关。(2)变异分析反映了阳离子、阴离子含量受不同植被类型的影响,柽柳群落以Mg~(2+)的变异系数最大,碱蓬群落以CO_3~(2-)的变异系数最大,芦苇群落以SO_4~(2-)的变异系数最大,棉田群落以Cl~-的变异系数最大。(3)Cl~-、K~+、Mg~(2+)、Na~+与土壤中全盐的含量呈显著性相关,且Cl~-与土壤全盐呈显著线性关系,能作为反映土壤全盐变化的重要指标。     

沙地土壤C∶N∶P比对早期植物群落物种多样性的影响

为揭示土壤碳∶氮∶磷(C∶N∶P)比对植物群落物种多样性的影响,以宁夏哈巴湖国家级自然保护区内沙地植物群落(沙柳群落和油蒿群落)为研究对象,调查计算了沙地植物群落的物种多样性,测定了群落中土壤C、N、P含量,分析讨论了土壤C∶N∶P比与沙地植物群落物种多样性之间的关系。结果表明,分布于流动、半固定沙地的沙柳群落其土壤C∶N∶P比对物种多样性的影响不显著,而分布于半固定、固定沙地的油蒿群落其土壤C∶N∶P比对物种多样性的影响显著。这说明沙地植物群落生物量不断增大的同时,枯枝落叶增多,土壤C、N、P显著增多,较大的土壤C∶N比与N∶P比与不断增大的物种多样性有趋同变化,因此,土壤的C∶N∶P比能够影响沙地植物群落的物种多样性。     

滨海湿地不同群落对土壤磷的有效性影响研究

为探究黄河三角洲不同群落对土壤磷的影响,采用统计学方法对柽柳、碱蓬、芦苇、棉花4种典型群落的土壤全磷、速效磷的差异及磷有效性进行分析,结果表明:土壤剖面上,各群落土壤全磷在20 cm以上缓慢递减,20 cm以下波动上升;0~5 cm表层全磷含量在0.55~0.65 g kg~(-1)之间。速效磷在垂直剖面上表现为由表层及深层逐渐递减,表层土壤速效磷为棉田碱蓬柽柳芦苇。垂直剖面上,深层土壤磷的变异系数明显高于表层变异系数,且速效磷变异性高于全磷变异性。研究区土壤磷供应强度较小,磷有效性最高达0.94%;棉田受有机肥的影响在10~20 cm土层形成极高的磷有效性,芦苇通过根际土壤磷素的耗竭效应与累积效应,减少了土壤中速效磷含量,降低了磷有效性;碱蓬土壤较高的pH值有利于土壤速效磷含量的增加,从而提高了磷有效性。棉田土壤磷受灌溉、施肥、耕作等随机因素的影响为高变异高有效类型;碱蓬群落磷有效性高,植物吸收利用相对较少导致其为低变异高有效型;而芦苇群落为低变异低有效型。     

黄土丘陵沟壑区不同植物群落的土壤养分及其化学计量特征

[目的]对黄土丘陵沟壑区不同群落土壤养分及化学计量进行研究,为该区的植被恢复提供一定的理论依据。[方法]测定土壤的有机碳、全氮、全磷含量,计算C∶N,C∶P,N∶P,进行差异显著性检验。[结果]研究区土壤有机碳和全氮含量属于6级,全磷含量属于4级,均为养分含量较低的级别;0—10cm土层土壤养分含量大于10—20cm土层;不同群落之间P含量差异不显著,柠条群落的C,N含量最高,铁杆蒿群落的C,N含量最低;柠条群落C∶N与其他群落(铁杆蒿群落除外)差异不显著,C∶N保持相对稳定;铁杆蒿群落和刺槐群落的C∶P较低,土壤P的有效性较高。[结论]不同群落的生物量和盖度等特征不同,导致土壤养分有所差异;不同群落对土壤C,N,P的补充和吸收利用能力不同,导致化学计量特征有所不同。     

祁连山大野口流域典型灌丛植物与土壤中氮磷的 化学计量特征

通过野外取样与室内分析相结合的方法,对祁连山西水林区的鬼箭锦鸡儿(Caragana jubata)、吉拉柳(Salix gilashanica)、金露梅(Potentilla fruticosa)、鲜黄小檗(Berberis diaphana)和甘青锦鸡儿(Caragana tangutica)等5种典型灌丛植物和土壤氮(N)和磷(P)含量进行了测定和分析,旨在阐明植物与土壤中N、P的化学计量特征。结果表明:(1)5种灌丛植物叶片的N、P含量均显著高于其他器官的N、P含量,N含量的变化范围为15.72~29.08 g/kg,P含量的变化范围为1.58~3.47 g/kg;细根和粗根的N含量的变化范围分别为5.11~12.20 g/kg和4.46~11.84 g/kg,P含量的变化范围分别为0.87~1.58 g/kg和0.63~2.02 g/kg;叶片N∶P值范围为7.00~9.95,细根和粗根中的N∶P值分别为5.60~8.97和5.09~8.84,叶片和根系对N、P元素有着相似的利用格局。(2)5种灌丛土壤N含量均随土层深度增加逐渐减小,不同土层N含量的变化范围为1.40~6.80 g/kg,P含量均随土层深度增加较为稳定,不同土层P含量的变化范围为0.45~0.96 g/kg;N∶P值随土层深度增加其值不断减小,主要取决于土壤N含量。0~10 cm土层中,吉拉柳、鬼箭锦鸡儿、金露梅、鲜黄小檗和甘青锦鸡儿N∶P值分别为11.02、7.30、7.41、7.40和2.69。(3)5种灌丛叶片N含量与土壤N含量呈显著或极显著正相关,与土壤P含量无显著相关(甘青锦鸡儿除外);叶片N∶P值与土壤N含量呈显著负相关,而与土壤P含量呈显著正相关;灌丛叶片和土壤N、P含量及化学计量比与其他变量之间均无显著相关。同时研究还发现,祁连山5种典型灌丛生长可能主要受N素限制。     

黄土高原不同封育年限草地土壤与植物根系的生态化学计量特征

黄土高原特别是干草原地区植被演替的研究比较薄弱。当前植物生态化学计量学的研究主要集中在植物叶片方面,对根系的研究较少。选取宁夏云雾山草原植被不同封育年限的土壤和植物样品,以生态化学计量学原理为基础,测定并分析了土壤与根系的碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)及其生态化学计量比与相互关系。结果表明:(1)随着封育年限的增加,土壤容重逐渐减小,土壤有机碳和全氮变异性较大,全磷变异性较小,且封育初期土壤有机碳和全氮含量先降后升,至封育20、30年,保持相对平稳。0~20 cm土层土壤的碳氮比(C∶N)、碳磷比(C∶P)、氮磷比(N∶P)分别为9.04~9.63、19.62~32.27、2.14~3.37,20~40 cm土层土壤的分别为8.68~9.22、15.74~26.32、1.80~3.03。土壤有机碳与全氮、全磷之间存在极显著的正相关。(2)植物根系C、N、P含量变化范围分别为357.6~381.4 g kg-1、7.35~8.18 g kg-1、0.54~0.70 g kg-1;根系中的C元素含量随封育年限的增加逐渐升高,N、P元素含量均小于全球平均值。根系C∶N随着封育年限的增加变异性较大,C∶P、N∶P随着封育年限的增加变异性较小。(3)植物根系的C∶N∶P化学计量特征受土壤的影响调控大于其自身,且土壤磷含量对植物根系C∶N∶P生态化学计量特征影响的显著性(p0.01)大于土壤氮含量(p0.05)。此外,该地区封禁后,草地生产力易受到土壤N含量的限制。     

施肥对割草场土壤养分和化学计量学的影响

长期连年刈割导致草地生态系统物质循环被打破,养分的输入与输出失去平衡,造成土壤贫瘠。以呼伦贝尔羊草草甸草原天然割草地为研究对象,研究不同施肥处理对羊草割草地土壤养分和化学计量学的变化规律,探求施肥对退化羊草割草地改良效果的最优方案,为退化草地的恢复和改良提供理论指导。研究结果表明,随着施肥年份的增加,土壤全碳、全钾含量逐年递减,土壤速效氮和有效磷逐年递增。高浓度施肥处理有利于增加0～10 cm土层土壤全氮和20～30 cm土层土壤全钾含量(P<0.05),而低浓度化肥处理下0～10 cm土层土壤全碳和全磷含量、10～20 cm土层土壤全碳、20～30 cm土层土壤全氮和全磷含量最高;中浓度施肥和高浓度施肥处理显著增加0～10 cm土层土壤有效磷含量,而低浓度施肥处理对10～20和20～30 cm土层土壤有效磷含量有显著增加作用(P<0.05);随着施肥年份的增加,不同土层土壤C∶N逐年显著降低,2017年不同土层土壤C∶N最低,其中高浓度施肥处理下土壤C∶N显著低于对照处理(P<0.05);土壤C∶P逐年显著降低,其中2016年0～10 cm土层土壤C∶P显著低于其他年份(P<0.05);土壤N∶P年份变化相对平稳,施肥后期0～10和20～30 cm土层土壤N∶P显著低于第一年(P<0.05)。施肥以补充土壤中限制性元素含量而影响土壤和植物的化学计量学特征,并且确定植被的最适化学计量比值和判定其限制元素类型。高浓度施肥处理(N 10.5 g·m-2+P 5.1 g·m-2)有利于降低土壤C∶N,同时氮素仍是限制本地区植物生长的一个主要因素。     

新疆甘家湖梭梭林碳、氮、磷、钾生态化学计量特征

为探讨甘家湖梭梭林的C,N,P,K元素化学计量特征,进而揭示该地区梭梭林的养分限制状况和适应策略,以新疆甘家湖国家级自然保护区3种植被盖度C≥70%(HC),50%≤C70%(MC),30%≤C50%(LC)梭梭林为研究对象,从生态化学计量学角度,测定和分析土壤(0—10cm,10—20cm,20—40cm,40—60cm,60—100cm)及梭梭标准木地上、地下部分中的有机碳、全氮、全磷和全钾的质量分数及计量比值。结果表明:(1)不同盖度梭梭林土壤营养元素及计量比存在差异,有机C和全N含量的变化规律基本相似:HCMCLC,全P和全K含量基本相似:HCLCMC。土壤C∶N较为稳定,不同盖度梭梭林土壤C∶P,C∶K,N∶P,K∶N差异显著,而不同盖度梭梭林地K∶P差异不显著(p0.05)。(2)梭梭植株地上部分仅中盖度N含量和C∶N显著高于低盖度(p0.05);梭梭植株地下部分C,N,P含量、C∶N,N∶P,K∶N在不同盖度之间差异显著,而K含量、C∶P,C∶K和K∶P在不同盖度之间差异不显著(p0.05)。梭梭植株地上和地下部分相比,C含量、C∶N,C∶P和C∶K为地下地上,而N,P,K含量、N∶P,K∶P和K∶N均为地上地下。(3)植株地上部分营养元素与土壤中对应元素多为负相关关系且相关系数较小,而地下部分营养元素与土壤中对应元素则多为正相关关系且相关系数较大。梭梭地上和地下部分,除C和P为负相关外,其余均为正相关,且C∶N和K∶N为显著正相关(p0.05)。综上得出,该地区土壤较为贫瘠,尤其N,P元素匮乏;梭梭生长主要受N限制;梭梭植株根系生长发育受土壤影响更大,植株体营养元素在同化过程中呈一定的比例关系。     

贵州月亮山5个优势树种叶片与土壤生态化学计量特征

生态化学计量学是研究生态过程和生态作用中化学元素平衡的科学,对于揭示植物对营养元素的需要和土壤的养分供给能力具有十分重要的意义。以贵州省月亮山优势树种麻栎、枫香、木荷、马尾松、杉木为研究对象,对上层、中层及下层叶片以及群落土壤进行取样,测定C,N,P含量并分析生态化学计量学特征。结果表明:(1)贵州月亮山优势树种叶片C,N,P平均含量分别为(530.06±34.12)mg/g,(14.80±2.35)mg/g,(0.98±0.14)mg/g,叶片C∶N,C∶P,N∶P平均含量分别为(37.95±2.74),(572.9±34.5),(15.93±2.11)。0—30cm土壤C,N,P平均含量分别为(33.53±3.22)mg/g,(10.92±1.52)mg/g,(0.44±0.08)mg/g。(2)贵州月亮山5个优势树种上层、中层及下层叶片的碳、氮、磷及化学计量均不存在显著差异,表明叶位对叶片C,N,P含量未产生影响。(3)贵州月亮山落叶树种C,C∶N,C∶P显著小于常绿树种,N,P含量则显著大于常绿树种。(4)贵州月亮山非喀斯特森林群落0—20cm土层C含量远低于同一纬度带的喀斯特森林,N含量远高于同一纬度带的喀斯特森林,而叶片C,N含量则相反。(5)本研究土壤C,N,P之间均表现出极显著正相关(p0.01),叶片C与土壤P表现出显著负相关(p0.05),其余均无相关关系。研究结果可为同纬度带喀斯特森林与非喀斯特森林对比研究提供科学基础。     

兰州市北山典型侧柏人工林分叶片与土壤生态化学计量特征

通过野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,以兰州市北山仁寿山省人大官山林场选取人工灌溉下造林年限相同、立地条件相似的侧柏×榆树(S1)、侧柏×山毛桃(S2)、侧柏×山杏(S3)、侧柏×刺槐(S4)、侧柏纯林(S5)为研究对象,探讨土壤和叶片生态化学计量特征及相互关系。结果表明:(1)不同林分侧柏叶片C、N、P含量均表现为S4S3S2S1S5,各混交林的均大于纯林;侧柏叶片C∶N表现出与C、N、P的含量呈现相反的趋势;N∶P14,说明该区域植物生长总体上受N元素限制。(2)不同林分土壤C、N、P含量均表现为S4S3S2S1S5,各混交林的均大于纯林;随土层深度加深而降低,土壤养分"表聚"特征明显;C∶N略高于全国森林土壤的平均水平,C∶P和N∶P均低于全国平均水平,说明该区土壤对植物生长所需的N元素供应不足。(3)相关分析表明,该区域侧柏叶片的C、N、P含量变化和土壤C、N、P含量变化无显著相关性,表明土壤C、N、P供应量对侧柏叶片C、N、P含量影响不大。综上所述,兰州市北山侧柏混交林较侧柏纯林具有更好的固碳能力和养分稳定性,该区植被恢复中应合理营造混交林,以促进养分平衡。     

Plant‐available N:P alters root litter N recycling in a Mediterranean tree–grass ecosystem

Background: Nitrogen deposition can cause an ecosystem‐level shift in available N (nitrogen) to P (phosphorus) availability. However, most plant N nutrition is from edaphic sources rather than deposition and in seasonally dry grassland systems, root litter is the predominant nutrient source. Aims: We were interested how litter turnover and altered nutrient recycling from dead biomass can compensate for these shifts in ecosystem stoichiometry. Methods: We studied a Mediterranean savanna amended with N or NP treatments three years prior. We measured root and plant‐available soil N:P stoichiometry in two micro‐habitats: open pasture and beneath oak canopies. ¹⁵N‐labelled root litter incubated in topsoils without litterbags was used to trace uptake of litter N by herbaceous strata roots. Results: Since fertilization, NP added sites have become relatively P enriched, resulting in lower N:P ratios in living roots than either when N was added alone or control sites. Total litter‐derived ¹⁵N uptake by roots was proportional to root ingrowth response but higher in the NP than N treatment, indicating a higher N demand when N and P were added together. We observed more ¹⁵N uptake by plants under tree canopies, indicating a tighter nutrient recycling loop in these micro‐habitats in contrast to treatment level ‘fertility' trends. Conclusions: Root stoichiometry responded to manipulated soil nutrient availability and N uptake was altered as plants attempted to compensate for nutrient availability imbalances, indicating that these ecosystem perturbations have long term effects on nutrient cycling which can propagate to whole system function. This was also related to functional community‐level adaptions between micro‐habitats with under canopy communities more able to take advantage of the litter nutrient source.     

闽西南崩岗侵蚀区芒萁叶片生态化学计量特征

为了阐明极度退化的崩岗生态系统内芒萁的生长状态和养分储存特征,对闽西南3处不同侵蚀强度的典型崩岗内芒萁叶片C、N、P含量及C/N、C/P、N/P特征进行研究,对比分析不同侵蚀强度下崩壁部位和崩岗不同侵蚀部位中芒萁叶片的生态化学计量特征。结果表明:崩岗内芒萁叶片的C、N、P平均含量分别为477.10 g·kg~(-1)、6.45 g·kg~(-1)、0.25 g·kg~(-1),芒萁叶片的N、P养分含量极低;而C/N、C/P、N/P平均值分别为96.82、2 097.20、27.67,芒萁生长受P限制。不同侵蚀强度下的崩壁内芒萁叶片的C、N、P含量及C/P、N/P均存在显著差异(P0.05),C含量、C/P和N/P均随着侵蚀强度的增强而减小,N含量在中度侵蚀的崩壁内较高,而P含量则随着侵蚀强度的增强而增加,表明芒萁对土壤侵蚀严重的崩岗生态系统具有很强的适应能力。在崩岗的不同侵蚀部位中芒萁叶片的P含量、C/P和N/P均存在显著差异(P0.05),P含量在集水坡面最高,在崩壁最低;而C/P、N/P均表现为崩壁显著大于其他各侵蚀部位。可见,在崩岗的不同侵蚀部位,崩壁中芒萁对C的同化能力强于其他侵蚀部位,且对P利用效率也显著高于其他侵蚀部位。综上,在侵蚀严重的崩岗生态系统中,芒萁有较强的同化C能力和较高的对P利用效率,能通过调节自身C、N、P元素含量很好地适应土壤侵蚀严重、养分极度贫瘠的生境。     

不同林龄樟子松人工林针叶-凋落叶-土壤生态化学计量特征

为明确科尔沁沙地引种樟子松人工林生态系统的C、N、P含量及化学计量特征,采用时空互代的方法,在章古台地区选取4种不同林龄(15,25,35,45年)、立地条件基本一致的樟子松人工林作为研究对象,比较针叶-凋落叶-土壤的C、N、P含量及化学计量比的差异,探讨它们随林龄的变化及其相互间的关系。结果表明:(1)C、N、P含量表现为针叶凋落叶土壤,C/N、C/P、N/P表现为凋落叶针叶土壤,且在3个库之间都有显著差异;(2)林龄对针叶-凋落叶-土壤的C、N、P及C/N、C/P有显著影响,均在35年生樟子松林中针叶-凋落叶-土壤的C、N、P含量最高;(3)相较于其他地区,针叶和凋落叶均表现出高C、P和低N的特征,具有较高的C/N、C/P和较低的N/P;(4)各林龄针叶N/P均小于14,表明该地区樟子松林整个生长过程始终受N的限制,但不同林龄间差异不显著;(5)针叶-凋落叶-土壤的C、N、P含量及其C/N、N/P之间存在显著的相关性,说明该樟子松林生态系统的C、N、P元素在针叶、凋落叶和土壤3个库之间存在运输转换,但其内在维持机制需要进一步深入研究。     

Response of soil C:N:P stoichiometry,organic carbon stock,and release to wetland grasslandification in Mu Us Desert

Purpose

Wetlands in Mu Us Desert have severely been threatened by grasslandification over the past decades. Therefore, we studied the impacts of grasslandification on soil carbon (C):nitrogen (N):phosphorus (P) stoichiometry, soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, and release in wetland-grassland transitional zone in Mu Us Desert.

Materials and methods

From wetland to grassland, the transition zone was divided into five different successional stages according to plant communities and soil water conditions. At every stage, soil physical and chemical properties were determined and C:N:P ratios were calculated. SOC stock and soil respirations were also determined to assess soil carbon storage and release.

Results and discussion

After grasslandification, SOC contents of top soils (0–10 cm) decreased from 100.2 to 31.79 g kg^?1 in June and from 103.7 to 32.5 g kg^?1 in October; total nitrogen (TN) contents of top soils (0–10 cm) decreased from 3.65 to 1.85 g kg^?1 in June and from 6.43 to 3.36 g kg^?1 in October; and total phosphorus (TP) contents of top soils (0–10 cm) decreased from 179.4 to 117.4 mg kg^?1 in June and from 368.6 to 227.8 mg kg^?1 in October. From stages Typha angustifolia wetland (TAW) to Phalaris arundinacea L. (PAL), in the top soil (0–10 cm), C:N ratios decreased from 32.2 to 16.9 in June and from 19.0 to 11.8 in October; C:P ratios decreased from 1519.2 to 580.5 in June and from 19.0 to 11.8 in October; and N:P ratios decreased from 46.9 to 34.8 in June and changed from 34.9 to 34.0 in October. SOC stock decreased and soil respiration increased with grasslandification. The decrease of SOC, TN, and TP contents was attributed to the reduction of aboveground biomass and mineralization of SOM, and the decrease of soil C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios was mainly attributed to the faster decreasing speeds of SOC than TN and TP. The reduction of aboveground biomass and increased SOC release led by enhanced soil respiration were the main reasons of SOC stock decrease.

Conclusions

Grasslandification led to lowers levels of SOC, TN, TP, and soil C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios. Grasslandification also led to higher SOC loss, and increased soil respiration was the main reason. Since it is difficult to restore grassland to original wetland, efficient practices should be conducted to reduce water drainage from wetland to prevent grasslandification.

     

黄土丘陵区油松人工林植物器官—凋落物—土壤化学计量特征的季节变化

为了解黄土丘陵区油松人工林植物器官—凋落物—土壤的化学计量特征随季节的变化规律，通过时空替代法、野外调查取样与室内试验的手段，以陕西省延安市安塞区纸坊沟流域中林龄油松（Pinus tabuliformis）人工林为对象，分析了4—10月油松不同器官—凋落物—土壤的碳（C）、氮（N）、磷（P）生态化学计量学特征。结果表明：（1）从4—10月，叶片C、P含量逐渐上升，在10月最高，叶片的N含量和N：P及枝的N、P含量均先减小后增大，且均在8月最低，而枝的C：N及C：P和细根的C：P、N：P均先增大后减小，且均在8月最高。土壤C、N含量、C：P、N：P先增大后减小，在8月最高。凋落物N含量、C：P和N：P均呈先降后升的趋势，在6月最低，P含量变化不显著；（2）除叶片4—6月、细根4—8月N：P>14外，其他各器官4—10月均N：P<14，该区域油松生长主要受N限制；（3）叶片与凋落物的C、N含量及C：N之间均呈显著正相关，C：N、C：P与N：P之间均呈显著正相关（p<0.05）。叶片N：P与土壤C：N呈极显著负相关（p<0.01），其他化学计量特征之间均无显著相关性。凋落物C含量与土壤P含量呈显著正相关（p<0.05）。研究结果使人工林生态化学计量学的研究更加系统性，为黄土丘陵区植被良好生长提供参考依据。     

Variation of soil organic carbon,nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry and biogeographic factors across the desert ecosystem of Hexi Corridor,northwestern China

Purpose

The purposes of present study were to display the vertical distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry; identify the biogeographic characteristics of SOC, N, and P stoichiometry along an aridity gradient across the desert ecosystem of Hexi Corridor; and determine how biogeographic distribution patterns of SOC, N, and P stoichiometry are related to vegetation, soil texture, geography, and climate.

Materials and methods

We investigated the distribution and characteristics of SOC, N, and P stoichiometry based on samples collected from Hexi Corridor during 2011–2012 with total 400 plots of 80 sites. This region presents a precipitation gradient from about 250 mm in the east to less than 50 mm in the west. The measured variables included belowground and aboveground biomass, pH, bulk density, sand, clay, silt, SOC, N, and P contents. ANOVA analysis, reduced major axis, redundancy analysis, Person’s correlation, and regression analysis were used to analysis the variation of SOC, N, and P stoichiometry and related biogeographic factors.

Results and discussion

In present study, SOC, N, and P contents decreased significantly with increasing soil depth. C/N did not change significantly, while C/P and N/P decreased significantly. SOC and N, SOC and P, and N and P were well constrained within 0–100 cm. SOC, N, and P contents in 0–20 cm were higher than them in other studies. Vegetation, soil texture, climate, and geography could explain 91.6% of the total variance of soil stoichiometry. The impact of latitude and longitude on SOC, N, and P stoichiometry was mainly caused by the redistribution of precipitation, while the impact of altitude mainly resulted from the variation of temperature. With increasing aridity, SOC, N, and P contents and C/N/P ratios reduced consistently with inconsistent decrease rates.

Conclusions

Our results suggested that the interaction of vegetation structure, soil condition, and shortage of precipitation should be the main driver for the lower contents and much shallower distributions of SOC, N, and P of Hexi Corridor. The increasing aridity should be the critical factor that is responsible for the decrease of SOC, N, and P contents and C/N/P ratios. This study contributes to the understanding of soil stoichiometry in the desert ecosystem.

     

黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕地自然恢复植被特征及其与土壤环境的关系

 为给黄土高原退耕地的植被恢复和重建提供科学依据,以黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的安塞县为例,用系统聚类和逐步多元回归的分析方法,对退耕地自然恢复植被的演替阶段进行划分,并定量分析群落演替过程中的植被特征及其与土壤环境的关系。结果表明:黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕地自然恢复草地的演替,依次经历猪毛蒿群落→赖草群落→长芒草群落、铁杆蒿群落、达乌里胡枝子群落→白羊草群落。随着退耕地植被恢复的不断进行,Gleason指数、Margalef指数等丰富度指数以及群落Pielou指数,都呈现出先减小后增大的趋势,Simpson指数在演替初期及平衡阶段较大,群落生态优势度与物种丰富度的变化趋势相反。在群落的演替过程中,土壤有机质、全N、有效N和速效K的含量不断增加,土壤pH值和速效P含量不断减小,土壤表层密度变小,孔隙度变大。A层土壤全N、有效N含量、土壤pH值和C层土壤全N含量与物种丰富度呈显著正相关,A、C层土壤有机质含量和B层土壤速效K含量与其关系相反;B层土壤速效P的含量与群落生态优势度呈显著正相关;A、B层土壤速效K含量与植被群落盖度呈正相关关系,B层土壤速效P含量与其关系相反。     

Calcium and humic acid affect seed germination,growth, and nutrient content of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) seedlings under saline soil conditions

The effects of calcium and humic acid on seed germination, growth and macro- and micro-nutrient contents of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) seedlings in saline soil conditions were evaluated. Different levels of humic acid (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg kg^?1) and calcium (0, 100, 200 and 400 mg kg^?1) were applied to growth media treated with 50 mg NaCl kg^?1 before sowing seeds. Seed germination, hypocotyl length, cotyledon width and length, root size, shoot length, leaf number, shoot and root fresh weights, and shoot and root dry weights of the plant seedlings were determined. Macro- and micro-nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) contents of shoot and root of seedlings were also measured. Humic acid applied to the plant growth medium at 1000 mg kg^?1 concentration increased seedling growth and nutrient contents of plants. Humic acid not only increased macro-nutrient contents, but also enhanced micro-nutrient contents of plant organs. However, high levels of humic acid arrested plant growth or decreased nutrient contents. Levels of 100 and 200 mg kg^?1 Ca²⁺ application significantly increased N, Ca and S contents of shoot, and N and K contents of root.