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1.
滇中高原云南松林分直径结构研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
云南松(Pinus yunnanensis Franch.)是我国西南地区主要用材树种之一,也是云贵高原上常见的主要针叶树种,为我国西部偏干性亚热带的典型代表群系,分布以滇中高原为中心,其地理在23°~29° N,98°30'~106°30'E,是一个形状不规则的多角形分布区,海拔500~3 200 m,气候属高原季风类型,冬暖夏凉,夏秋季雨量集中,冬春干旱严重,干湿季分明.  相似文献   

2.
云南松林分系统的形成与演变   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
杨永祥  战铁铮 《林业科学》1991,27(3):199-209
优良木成长壮大不断分化,被压木衰退消亡是云南松林分系统演变的两个方面。由优良木组成的上层林冠和被压木组成的下层林冠,是云南松林分系统中的两个子系统。在饱和林分系统内,占据上层林冠的优良木子系统每年分化为被压木的数量,与处于下层林冠的被压木子系统的死亡量相协调,以保持饱和林分系统结构,保持优良木株数占30—40%,蓄积量占60—70%。在饱和林分系统内间伐Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ级木,则使优良木的生产量上升,同时使被压木的死亡量下降,直至林分回归于饱和林分系统结构。优良木子系统随全林分系统的演变,因林分系统密度而异,是生境、年龄、密度相互制约所表现的数量集合,都按照幂函数曲线轨迹演变,其曲线系数“A”随密度下降而上升,“B”值则随密度下降而减小。依照云南松林分系统的演变规律,对预测优良木保留量和确定间伐强度有实用价值。  相似文献   

3.
云南松林分与小蠹虫的竞争状态研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
云南松林遭小蠹虫危害以后,常由于林分抵御功能的不同而形成区域性的蠹害林分系统,即在“虫群区域”内存在着“衰退”和“发展”两种林分演变过程,若按“演变属性”来分析,则看到蓄积量下降、蓄积量停滞、蓄积量上升等3种林分演变过程是蠹害林分系统的普遍性特征,前2种属于“衰退状态”,后1种属于“发展状态”。对3个蠹害林分系统的“演变属性”用二项分布P(衰退概率)+Q(发展概率)=1来描述,那么二项式(P+Q)^3方程中的系数1、3、3、1成为系统中不同“演变属性”的概率论判断。由人为因素、虫群因素、环境因素引起的林分“衰退”和“发展”当然是随机的,但从分析中看到人的正、反两面行为都会引起林分与虫群相互作用的变化。  相似文献   

4.
论讨了用多元回归方程和Weibull分布分析复层异龄混交林的林分结构预测技术。  相似文献   

5.
马尾松林分直径结构研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
通过西泽正久三参数法、最大似然法和百分比率法对Weibull分布三参数分别求解,辅以正态分布,采用Gompertz曲线方程式对林分直径分布模型加以研究,在通过X^2检验后,分别建立了马尾松林分直径Weibull分布三能数回收模型,依据偏度和峭度,结合马尾松林分规律,对林分直径结构和分布模型进行了分析。  相似文献   

6.
为掌握西南地区云南松林分生长规律,以森林资源连续清查568块固定样地的云南松林分调查数据为基础,系统研究了云南松林分平均树高、林分断面积、林分立地指数、林分蓄积量因子与林分平均年龄、林分优势木平均高、林分公顷株数等的关系,建立了云南松林分断面积生长和林分收获预估模型。模型拟合结果表明,模型具有较高的精确度和稳定性,可应用于西南地区云南松林的经营管理和收获预估。  相似文献   

7.
Logistic分布预测林分直径结构的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
著名的Logistic方程作为生物种群动态模型和生长曲线方程,在生态学和林学中得到了广泛应用;但它作为一种概率分布函数,却一直鲜为人知。林学上,对林分直径分布的研究,从60年代以后,开始采用分布函数来描述林分的直径结构情况。如正态分布、对数正态分布、...  相似文献   

8.
以森林资源连续清查样地数据库(2000—2010)和森林资源二类调查数据库(1976—2006)为基础,研究了贵州省华山松林分结构与碳储量及动态变化。连续清查样地数据分析表明华山松林构件生物量排序为树干>树枝>树根>树叶,华山松林生物量由2000年的0.958×106t增至2010年的2.166×106t,碳储量由2000年的0.518×106t增至2010年的1.165×106t。二类资源调查数据分析表明1976—2006年华山松林生物量从0.297×106t增至3.244×106t,碳储量从0.160×106t增至1.75×106t,不同龄组华山松林生物量和碳密度分布趋势为近熟龄组>中龄组>成熟龄组>幼龄组,华山松纯林生物量和碳密度高于混交林。全省华山松林生物量和碳储量总体呈上升的趋势,不同的生物量与碳储量结论源于数据库基础数据的差异与统计方法不同。  相似文献   

9.
凉山、渡口两州市的云南松林是全省飞机播种的重点速生丰产林.根据1979—1982年森林病虫害普查的结果,松赤枯病、云南松木蠹象、云南松梢小卷蛾、松针斑蛾、德昌松毛虫等病虫害在一些地方严重发生,有些林分并发多种病虫害,有些受害林分已是成林不成材  相似文献   

10.
云南松林分系统分布于北纬23°~29°、东经98°30′~106°、海拔高度为1 200~2 800 m的区域,面积约500万hm2,这一地理区域是由多种树种组成林分系统的生态区域。在诠释此云南松林分系统的生态环境及生长过程的前提下,引入了“耗散结构的进化观念”对本区域云南松林分系统的结构状态和演变动态进行了研究,导算出在8种地位级上发生的131条由“初始林分”走向“过熟林分”的“坐标序列”,表明其结构具有“对称分布”的特征,揭示了云南松林分系统与其生态阈限环境相互平衡的特性。并论述了云南松林分系统在由初始林分走向过熟林分的过程中都要与外界进行能量和物质转化,而由其产生的净生长量和死亡量是一种促成林分系统进化的理念,以此表明可用内部时间T(D-):3、4、5……32所刻画的131条“株数递减率/蓄积量递增率”过程,来反映云南松林分系统的演变动态的客观实际。  相似文献   

11.
    
A model of tree diameter growth during the growth season was developed to standardize the forest data from different inventory dates. A diameter growth index is defined and its relation with the number of growing days is established. Parameters characterizing this relationship are estimated using accurate tree ring width measurements and other stand and tree related variables from the Swedish National Forest Inventory data for 1989. The residual analyses show that the model is an effective expression of the actual growth and the results are consistent with an earlier used tree growth model. Some climatic data are tested for model improvement, but no essential improvement is gained given the data available.  相似文献   

12.
以相对直径为竞争指标的单木直径生长模型研究   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1  
选择了Richards,Logistic,Mitscherlich,Gompertz,Modified-Weibull 5个最为常用的单木直径生长理论方程作为基础方程,采取再次参数化的方法将与林木生长密切相关的地位指数(SI)、林分密度(N)、单木竞争指标——相对直径(RD)等因子引入方程,对马尾松人工林的单木直径生长模型进行了研究。结果表明,采用该方法得到的单木直径生长方程具有很好的适应性和很高的预估精度,因为该方程中包含了林木的相对直径RD,当令RD等于1.0时,单木的直径生长模型就反映了林分的平均直径生长,这为从单木生长模型向全林分生长模型的耦合提供了一条途径。  相似文献   

13.
利用2018年青海省连续清查固定样地调查数据,对次生林区的天然云杉林进行直径分布研究,按照林分单位蓄积量分为A类、B类、C类和D类4种类型;选用Weibull分布、Beta分布和负指数分布对各类型林分直径分布进行拟合。结果得出:A类和D类直径分布服从Beta分布,B类服从Weibull分布,C类服从负指数分布;模型拟合的相关系数R^2均在0.94以上,各类型林分q值在1.18~1.98之间,次生林区的林分q均值为1.41。  相似文献   

14.
    
We present management tools for growing four valuable broadleaved tree species, indigenous to subtropi.cal southern China. Crown diameter (CD) of the species studied can be predicted very well by using a model that is so e y a near funct on of d ameter at breast he ght (DBH). The add t on of tree age (AGE) and yield class (YC) to this-nodel did not significantly improve its predictive capacity. We used species-specific crown diameter models to calcu- ate the amount of growing space and subsequently stand density that each species needs to achieve desired stem "adial growth rates. Furthermore we used this information to calculate a "distance factor", a rule of thumb that roughly ~stimates the distance between two neighboring trees needed to achieve a desired future target diameter. These tools 'acilitate the planning of thinning regimes by using crown diameter models combined with annual radial growth rates to ;alculate the number of crop trees per hectare required to reach a desired target stem diameter.  相似文献   

15.
非参数核估计在探讨天然林直径结构规律中的应用   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
应用非参数核密度估计理论和方法,对从吉林省汪清林业局抽取的12块天然林样地进行直径结构模拟,结果表明:(1)当Webulle及其它分布函数能很好模拟的样地时,核估计也能对该样地进行模拟,并且要优于分布函数法,(2)在分布函数不能描述林分时,核估计方法仍能描述该林分,并能取得很好的效果;(3)不论是天然林还是人工林均可用核估计方法对林分直径结构进行模拟,非参数方法可能成为一种有用的方法。  相似文献   

16.
杉木人工林经营的计算机模型——CHIFIR,是在杉木生长过程表的基础上,考虑不同整地、抚育方法和间伐对杉木生长的影响而建立的,该模型能对杉木生长进行预测和经济分析。根据树冠影响系数(I)对直径生长的影响,考虑了树冠对光的竞争,建立了树冠影响系数与重叠度关系的回归方程。用71个样地的调查资料对模型进行F检验和U检验,模型的预测精度比较好。该模型运用于杉木分布的中带,它可在生产中试用,并可用于杉木经营方式最优化组合的理论计算。  相似文献   

17.
现实异龄林分最佳直径分布模型的探讨   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
根据在林业中已应用的直径分布模型的统计特征,选择适宜于异龄林分直径分布模拟的指数分布、韦布尔分布、贝塔分布模拟现实异龄林分直径分布。结果表明,对于现实经营林分,由于直径分布不连续、左偏等原因,韦布尔分布模拟效果最好,贝塔分布次之,指数分布最差,这表明现实林分距理想林分还有较大差距。  相似文献   

18.
This study compares three diameter distribution models to fit mixed-species forest stands using four example plots with two or three species components in Daxing'an Mountain, PR China. The methods include (1) a finite mixture model (FMM) to fit two or three species components simultaneously, (2) a single Weibull function to fit the whole plot only, and (3) a single Weibull function to fit each species component separately and the summation of the individual species produced the whole plot. Our results indicated that Method 2 is only suitable to regular and unimodal diameter distributions with a balanced reversed J-shape. Method 3 may be able to fit each species component well if its frequency distribution is known and available in the data. However, Method 3 ignores the interspecies relationships within a given plot. Thus, the summation of the species components may not produce a good fit for the whole plot. In contrast, Method 1 (FMM) fits the species component distributions simultaneously with the constraint that the individual components add up to the whole plot, without requiring the observed frequencies for each species across the diameter classes. The FMM models are more flexible to describe highly skewed and irregular diameter distributions for the whole plot, as well as provide the acceptable estimation for each species component and the mixing proportions. Thus, the FMM models can be a useful tool for effectively managing mixed-species forest stands.  相似文献   

19.
In this paper, the growth, wood basic density, diameter distribution and structure stability of Schima superba plantation were investigated in 12 sample plots with different biotopes, operating measures and ages in Nanping and Sanming city of Fujian province. Results showed that, the average tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and individual volume of stand in shady slope were significantly larger than that of plantation in sunny slope; The tree growth, especially in DBH and individual volume of stand, in lowerslope was obviously greater than that in the middleslope and the upperslope; The average tree height of the stand increased with initial planting density; However, DBH and individual volume displayed converse trend with increase of planting density; Growth of the plantation gradually increased with stand age; Average individual volume of trees at 29 age was over 4 times greater than of trees at 13 age, and the 46-year-old stand still grew fast. There were no significant differences in wood basic density between different aspects of slope; However, the wood basic density in upperslope was significantly greater than that in middleslope and lowerslope; The wood basic density was relatively greater when the initial spacing was set at 1 667 plants per hectare; The greater or less stand density significantly reduced the wood basic density and hence wood properties; Wood basic density progressively reduced with the forest age and the varied pattern met with the variation type of Pashin Ⅲ. Differentiation in height and diameter growth and wood basic density of the plantations with the same age in the same direction and position of slope was relatively small. But the initial stand density obviously affected growth. The smaller the initial planting density the greater the variation in diameter was. The diameter distribution of S. superba plantation in different habitats (slope, position of slope), with forest management measures (initial stem-numbers) and ages was well fitted to the cumulative distribution function of Weibull distribution; The diameter distribution exhibited a reverse \"J\" type, suggesting the stands had a stable structure with reasonable competition and strong adaptability. The class Ⅱ and Ⅲ were the main trees in the stands according to tree classification, which also lent support that the structure of the plantations was stable. Thus, a suitable site and stand density should be selected according to the goal of cultivation. For example, forestation for large diameter of S. superba the plantation should be conducted on the shady slopes, lowerslopes and initial planting density should be 1 667 stems per hectare. Although the structure differentiation of the plantation is not obvious, appropriate thinning and density control should be applied for large diameter timber.  相似文献   

20.
在实测和前人研究的基础上,提出了新的杉木直径和高生长方程:Z=Zmt/(K+t).此方程表达形式简单,参数生物意义确切,模拟精确度高,符合和遵循林木生长随树龄(t)变化的基本规律.方程参数Zm(直径或高生长极值)和K(林木生长特征系数)与立地指数S和密度指数n的相关性分析结果反映了杉木生长从属于立地条件、有效空间和时间综合效应的本质关系  相似文献   

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