东北地区某些动物园虎、狮、豹肠道蛔虫病感染情况调查

为有效防治动物园虎、狮、豹等珍贵动物肠道寄生虫病 ,我们分别采集辽、吉林、黑龙江等省几个动物园的虎、狮、豹等粪便 42份 ,经粪检查出 17份有蛔虫卵 (2份有虫体 ) ,蛔虫感染率为 40 .48%     

猫泛白细胞减少症病毒的分离与鉴定

应用猫肾传代细胞(FK),采用同步接毒的方法,从8份狮、虎、豹病料中分得6株病毒,经与标准病毒作交叉免疫电镜等系统鉴定,证明与猫泛白细胞减少症病毒的特性基本相符,从而首次证实在我国动物园狮、虎、豹等猫科动物中存在猫泛白细胞减少症。     

4种麻醉(保定)药对狮、虎、豹保定效果比较

通过应用氯胺酮、复方麻保静、陆眠灵、速眠新等4种麻醉(保定)药对非洲狮、华南虎、东北虎、孟加拉虎、美洲虎、金钱豹、黑豹等98头狮、虎、豹共323次麻醉(保定),作临床观察并分析比较。结果表明:复方麻保静对狮、虎、豹的麻醉(保定)效果最佳,陆眠灵、氯胺酮次之,速眠新较差;氯胺酮、复方麻保静麻醉(保定)剂量在不同的狮、虎、豹间没有明显种属差异,但陆眠灵剂量对狮、虎、豹的麻醉(保定)在非洲狮与虎、豹间存在极显著差异(P<0.01),虎、豹间差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

犬瘟热弱毒疫苗对野生动物免疫效果观察

自８０年代犬瘟热病首先于熊猫中发生流行以来,该病已先后发生于猫科动物狮、虎、豹等野生动物,严重影响动物园野生动物的健康。为此,作者从１９８１年某动物园暴发熊猫犬瘟热流行时开始,首先试用犬瘟热弱毒疫苗对珍贵动物大熊猫和小熊猫进行免疫接种观察,９０年代又在云南小熊猫产区进行扩大试验,并逐渐试用于猫科动物狮、虎、豹,至今已扩大到７家动物园。应用该疫苗防治熊猫、东北虎、非洲狮、金钱豹、云豹、华南虎等动物的犬瘟热,均收到良好的效果。现报告如下。１　材料与方法１－１　试验动物先后接种动物有大熊猫１２只,接种…     

园养东北虎蛔虫病的诊治

在昆明动物园一只驯养多年的东北虎呕吐物中发现乳白色、稻草样的活动物,经清洗后观察,为一狮弓蛔虫雌性虫体,根据此情况制定出有效的综合防治措施.     

华南虎狮弓蛔虫三种线粒体基因的遗传进化分析

为研究华南虎狮弓蛔虫(Toxascaris leonina)线粒体基因的分子特性,对来源于4只华南虎的狮弓蛔虫的pcox1、pnad1和pnad4三种线粒体基因进行了扩增、克隆和测序,采用DNAStar和MEGA5.05软件对所获序列,以及Gen Bank中公布的狮弓蛔虫等相关序列进行了同源性比对和遗传进化分析。结果显示,4只华南虎的狮弓蛔虫扩增的pcox1、pnad1、pnad4基因序列长度分别为393、366、399 bp,3段基因序列种内变异明显低于种间变异。系统进化树中,狮弓蛔虫可分为猫科和犬科动物两大分支,其中4只华南虎的狮弓蛔虫与已报道的孟加拉虎、东北虎、华南虎、非洲狮、猞猁的狮弓蛔虫聚为一支;另外狼和犬的狮弓蛔虫聚为一支;以pnad1、pnad4建立的系统发育树中,虎源狮弓蛔虫又单独聚为一支,表明狮弓蛔虫在不同虎类之间并没有严格的宿主特异性。该研究为狮弓蛔虫的分子鉴定和分子遗传学研究提供了科学依据。     

猫科动物“瘫痪症”的诊治

猫科动物“瘫痪症”的诊治周恒锋（新乡市人民公园）朱凤先，李新生（新乡市畜牧兽医工作站）近年来，我们通过多次的临床病例和调查防问，不管是动物园、养殖场，还是家庭豢养的宠物，如虎、狮、豹、猫等猫科动物的瘫痪病例时有发生，现介绍如下：一、问诊及调查情况本病...     

丙氧苯并咪唑驱虫试验

丙氧苯并咪唑(Oxibendagole)又名丙氧咪唑。是一种新合成的苯并咪唑类药物,据国外介绍。此药对猪、羊、犬、牛、马、小鼠、鸡的多种线虫具有良好的驱虫作用;国内在家畜上也有类似的报道;但在野生珍稀动物中未见使用。1984年4月,我们选择了狮、虎、熊、豹、猞猁等20只蛔虫阳性动物。进行了丙氧苯并咪唑驱除野生肉食动物蛔虫的疗效试验。现将试验结果报告如下,     

金猫、大熊猫和非洲狮体内发现三种蛔虫

今年3月20日杭州动物园饲养的一只雄性大熊猫,自行排出8条蛔虫,其中雄史2,雌虫6条,经鉴定为猫弓首蛔虫(Toxo-caracati);另外对非洲狮和金猫进行驱虫时又排出两种蛔虫,经鉴定,金猫排出的是犬弓首蛔虫(Toxocara canis),非洲狮排出的有猫弓首蛔虫和狮小弓蛔虫(Toxa-scaris leonine)两种。     

6例猛兽肠梗阻的诊疗报告

2014—2016年,长沙生态动物园6例猛兽发生肠梗阻,包括1只美洲豹、2只棕熊和3只小虎。在诊疗过程中发现,这6例肠梗阻分别因误食了车胎小块、棉布手套、冷冻肉、毛球、麻绳及蛔虫寄生所引发。文中对该6例肠梗阻的诊疗结果进行分析,并对动物园饲养猛兽的肠梗阻预防和治疗提出具体建议。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.