木材工业项目供配电设计特点

木材工业项目供配电设计特点野晓东宋峰ＤｅｓｉｇｎｉｎｇＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆＰｏｗｅｒＳｕｐｐｌｙａｎｄＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｉｎＷｏｏｄＩｎｄｕｓｔｒｙＹｅＸｉａｏｄｏｎｇＳｏｎｇＦｅｎｇ（ＨｅｉｌｕｎｇｋｉａｎｇＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙＤ...     

云杉球果锈病菌转主植物的研究

根据５—８月对松潘云杉球果锈病常灾区林下植物锈病种类调查和反复接种试验结果，云杉球果锈病病原菌的转主植物为李属中的野樱桃，即微毛野樱桃ＰｒｕｎｕｓｃｌａｒｏｆｏｌｉａＳｏｈｏｎｉａ和多毛野樱桃Ｐ．ｐｏｌｙｔｒｉｃｈａＫｏｃｈｎｅ。     

新疆野巴旦杏的引种繁育

新疆的野巴旦杏(AmygdalusLeddebourianaSchleche)主要分布在准噶尔西部山区的巴尔鲁克山北部,是地史新生代第三纪落叶林的稀有珍贵残遗古植物,是进化的衍生物种,有重要的科研与开发利用价值。野巴旦杏用作果树矮化砧木嫁接同科的桃、杏、巴旦杏等,可提高这些经济作物的抗寒性抗逆性,并能改良其果形、质味和产量。野巴旦杏用于城市绿化:野巴旦杏播种苗当年可形成花芽,次年开花,先叶后花,花期25天左右,花粉红色,并有芳香气味,夏季果实为绿色绒毛球状,秋季叶片为鲜红色,极具观赏价值,是城市、园林绿化的优良树种。野巴旦杏用于防护强林带的…     

云杉球果锈病菌转主植物的研究

根据５－８月对松潘云杉球果锈病常灾区林下植物锈病种类调查和反复接种试验结果，云杉球果锈病病原菌的转主植物为李属中的野樱桃，即微毛野樱桃Ｐｒｕｎｕｓ ｃｌａｒｏｆｏｌｉａ Ｓｏｈｏｎｉａ和多毛野樱桃Ｐ．ｐｏｌｙｔｒｉｃｈａ Ｋｏｃｈｎｅ。     

新疆野巴旦杏形态多样性调查初报

为了研究不同地理区域新疆野巴旦杏表型变异程度,进一步开展其种质资源遗传多样性的研究工作,以新疆野巴旦杏5个天然分布区自然状态下的野巴旦杏为研究对象,抽样调查并测定了在不同分布地域和原生状态下该种枝叶、花器官和果实等方面的主要特征的差异,结果表明:新疆野巴旦杏在不同分布区间具有十分丰富的变异特征,从叶片、新梢到花器官及果核等特征均有很大的变异,这为优株系的选择提供了广阔的空间。     

野巴旦杏保护区介绍

巴旦杏保护区,在塔城地区裕民县境内的巴尔鲁克山区。面积约十五平方公里。海拔800—1200米。该保护区年平均温度5℃—6.5℃,最高温度40℃,最低温度在-10℃以下,年降水量大约400—600毫米。 该保护区以稀有树种野巴旦杏,为主要保护对象。巴旦杏赖依生存的自然环境以及区内的动物也属保护之列。 野巴旦杏,蔷薇科,扁桃属,系落叶小乔木,在保护区内野生条件下,树株低矮、纤细,最高不过三米,直径三厘米左右;野巴旦杏是较好的木本油料树种,其种仁含油量达百分之五十以上,含亚油酸百分之十六以上,且具有药物价值。     

湖南冬青科一新种

ＩｌｅｘｓｕｂｒｏｔｕｎｄｉｆｏｌｉａＣ．Ｊ．ＱｉｅｔＱ．Ｚ．Ｌｉｎ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．［Ｓｅｃｔ．ＰｓｅｕｄｏａｑｕｉｆｏｌｉｕｍＳ．Ｙ．Ｈｕ,Ｓｅｒ．Ｓｉｄｅｒｏｘｙｌｏｉｄｅｓ（Ｌｏｅｓ．）Ｓ．Ｙ．Ｈｕ］Ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｆｏｌｉｉｓｓｕｂｒｏｔｕｎｄｉｓｉｎｔｅｒｇｅｒｒｉｍｉｓｒｉｇｉｄｉｓｓｉｍｉｓｃｒａｓｓｉｓｓｉｍｉｓ,ｓｔｉｇｍａｔｉｂｕｓｔｅｎｕｉｔｅｒｄｉｓｃｉｆｏｒｍｉｂｕｓ,ｐｙｒｅｎｉｓｄｏｒｓｏ３－ｓｔｒｉａｔｉｓｅｔ２－ｓｕｌｃａｔｉｓａｂｏｍｎｉｂｕｓｃｏｍｐａｒａｂｉ…     

Intelligent Decision Support System for Regional Construction Patterns of Eco－economic Protection Fo

ＩｎｔｅｌｌｉｇｅｎｔＤｅｃｉｓｉｏｎＳｕｐｐｏｒｔＳｙｓｔｅｍｆｏｒＲｅｇｉｏｎａｌＣｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎＰａｔｔｅｒｎｓｏｆＥｃｏ－ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎＦｏｒｅｓｔＳｙｓｔｅｍｓＲｅｎＹｏｎｇＰｏｌｉｃｙＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔ...     

Forestry and Society Newsletter

ＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙａｎｄＳｏｃｉｅｔｙＮｅｗｓｌｅｔｔｅｒＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙａｎｄＳｏｃｉｅｔｙＮｅｗｓｌｅｔｔｅｒＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙａｎｄＳｏｃｉｅｔｙＮｅｗｓｌｅｔｅｒ（ＦＳＮ）ｉｓｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｂｉａｎｎｕａｌｙ．ＴｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｏｆＦＳＮｉ...     

News and Events

ＮｅｗｓａｎｄＥｖｅｎｔｓＳｐｏｎｓｏｒｅｄｂｙＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙａｎｄｓｏｃｉｅｔｙＮｅｔｗｏｒｋ．ｔｈｅＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｎｄＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＩｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ，ｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＦｏｒｅ...     

Effects of nutrition spatial heterogeneity on root traits and carbon usage by roots of Cercis chinensis seedlings in split root rooms

In natural ecosystems, nutrition available for plants shows great spatial heterogeneity. Much is known about plant root responses to the spatial heterogeneity of nutrition, but little is known about carbon usage in roots in nutrition-deficient patches and its effect on root longevity. In this study, split-room boxes were used for culture of Cercis chinensis seedlings, and the small rooms were supplied with different nutrition levels. The number of the first-order roots in the rooms with nutrition supply was significantly higher than that in the rooms with deficient nutrition. Specific root length (SRL) of the first-order roots in the rooms with deficient nutrition reached its peak at day 64 after nutrition treatment. There was no significant SRL differences between the two order roots during the experiment. Biomass of the first-order roots in the rooms without nutrition supply was significantly less than that of the first-order roots in the rooms with nutrition supply from day 64 to 96. The total biomass of the lateral roots in the rooms without nu-trition supply decreased from day 64 to 96. The activities of the enzymes in roots in the rooms without nutrition supply increased and the activities of alkaline invertases in roots in the two sides of split box did not change significantly. The activities of the enzymes in roots in the rooms without nutrition supply increased gradually. These results suggest that nutrition spatial heterogeneity induced the changes in root traits and plants actively controlled carbon usage in roots in nutrition-deficient patches by regulating the activities of invertases and sucrose synthases, resulting in the reduction in carbon usage in the roots in nutrition-deficient patches.     

白蜡虫在寄主植物上的分布特征研究

白蜡虫在寄主上的分布与方向和寄主枝条的位置有关，不同虫基分布特征不同，在定叶期，白蜡早咎群方位上差异不太大，但雌雄虫在方位分布上有明显差异。种群数量分布依次为东（２８．０５％），南（２６．５５％），西（２５．０６％），北（２０．３４％），雌虫依次为东（３２．１６％），南９２７．３６％），北（２０．３４％），西（１８．６５％）；雄虫依次为西（３０．７６％），南（２５．８４％），东（２４．２９％），北     

芽变毛白杨及其亲缘种扦插生根相关内源酶活性特征分析

毛白杨为扦插难生根树种，而芽变毛白杨较易生根。芽变毛白杨插条内POD活性比毛白杨低，在生根过程中与另一亲缘种大官杨相比，POD活性变化趋势相反；IAAO活性与毛白杨变化趋势相反，与大官杨变化趋势基本相同。在不定根出现时期，芽变毛白杨插条内的POD和IAAO活性均为最高。芽变毛白杨组培苗生根过程中POD和IAAO活性变化趋势与田间苗类似。     

京津风沙源治理和退耕还林工程区农户支出分析

2007年项目区农户总消费支出中,京津风沙源治理工程项目区农户,在生活消费方面比退耕还林工程项目区农户少支出1080.54元,医疗消费方面多支出241.89元,教育消费方面多支出1412.02元,总计多支出717.20元。2008年,京津风沙源治理工程项目区农户,在生活消费方面比退耕还林工程项目区农户少支出1249.88元,医疗消费方面多支出374.14元,教育消费方面多支出1469.13元,总计多支出1079.31元。结果表明,京津风沙源治理工程项目区农民生活水平高于退耕还林工程项目区的农民。     

香榧细小卷蛾生物学特性及防治研究

香榧细小卷蛾Lepteucosma torreyaeWu et Chen是危害香榧的主要害虫之一,在浙江省绍兴市1 a发生2代,以老熟幼虫在枯枝落叶中做茧越冬,翌年2月中旬化蛹,3月上旬成虫羽化并产卵,3月下旬第1代幼虫孵化,5月中旬化蛹,5月下旬成虫羽化,6月上旬产卵,6月中旬第2代幼虫孵化,11月上旬开始越冬。在第2代幼虫期,使用1.8%阿维菌素乳油、5%抑太保乳油、2%阿维苏云制剂、35%吡虫啉乳油及20%杀灭菊酯乳油等5种药剂10个浓度进行喷雾防治试验,施药9 d后,防治效果均达到100%。     

Cambial Anatomy and Annual Rhythm of Secondary Xylem Development in the Twigs of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) Growing in Different Forests of Gujarat State

Abstract

Seasonal behavior of vascular cambium and development of secondary xylem were studied in the 2-3-years-old branches of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) growing in moist deciduous (MDF), dry deciduous (DDF) and scrub land (SF) forests of Gujarat State. Development of xylem began with the sprouting of new leaves in January in both MDF and DDF. Xylem production culminated in July in MDF whereas it reached peak in April and July in DDF. Cambial cells ceased to divide with the maturation of leaves in November and October in MDF and DDF, respectively. Mature xylem and phloem derivatives surrounded the cambium in December in MDF and November in DDF. Radial growth in the branches of trees growing in SF was found continuous throughout the year with peak cambial activity in April, July and November. In all the three forests, maximal radial growth was encountered in July when the rains were heavy. Cambial activity and xylem development showed significant correlation with the phenology of the trees in MDF and DDF whereas cambium was found active throughout the year and no correlation was found between the cambial activity and phenology in SF.     

Alkaline degradation of spruce and beech wood

Summary The alkaline delignification of spruce and beech wood is accomplished in three phases. The first phase results in a decrease of yield down to 83...80%, the second one in a decrease from 83...80% to 64...61% and the third one in a yeld drop from 64...61% to 50...46%. The amount of polysaccharides removed in the first phase was 22%, in the second phase 5...6% and in the third phase 10% of the total polysaccharides in the original wood. The amount of lignin removed in the first phase of delignification was 9...11% in the second phase 53...54% and in the third phase 28% of the total lignin in the original wood. The polysaccharides extracted in the second and third phase amounted to 70...78% of the polysaccharides removed in the first delignification phase. For an entire characterization of the delignification reaction not only the course of lignin removal is of importance but also the course of the polysaccharide extraction. The results show that for a two-stage alkali-oxygen-cooking technology the optimum yield after initial partial alkaline delignification lies in the range of 64...61%.     

Differences in wound-induced changes in cell-wall peroxidase activities and isoform patterns between seedlings of Prosopis tamarugo and Prosopis chilensis

We determined changes in cell-wall peroxidase activities and isoform patterns in response to wounding in seedlings of Prosopis tamarugo Phil. (an endemic species of the Atacama Desert) and Prosopis chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz (a native species of central Chile), to assess tolerance to predation. In seedlings of both species, the maximal increase in peroxidase activity occurred 48 h after wounding, reaching three times the control value in P. tamarugo and twice the control value in P. chilensis. The activity of ionically bound cell-wall peroxidases increased only locally in wounded embryonic axes, whereas the activity of soluble peroxidases increased systemically in unwounded cotyledons. Analysis of ionic peroxidases by isoelectrofocusing revealed two groups of peroxidases in the cell walls of both species: four distinct acidic isoforms and a group of basic isoforms. In response to wounding, there was a large increase in activity of the acidic isoforms in P. tamarugo, whereas there was an increase in the activity of the basic isoforms in P. chilensis. In P. chilensis, the wound-induced increase in activity of the basic isoforms corresponded with one of the two isoforms detected in P. tamarugo prior to wounding. Experiments with protein and RNA synthesis inhibitors indicated that a preexisting basic peroxidase is activated in P. chilensis after wounding. Assays of ionically bound peroxidase activity with four different substrates corroborated the differences found in isoform patterns between species. In P. tamarugo, the largest increases in activity were found with ortho-phenylenediamine and ferulic acid as substrates, whereas in P. chilensis the largest increase in activity was found with guaiacol as substrate. Because the same basic cell-wall peroxidase that accumulated after wounding in P. chilensis was present in P. tamarugo prior to wounding, and the activity of acidic cell-wall peroxidases increased after wounding in P. tamarugo but not in P. chilensis, we conclude that P. tamarugo is more tolerant to wound stress than P. chilensis.     

Effect of prevailing monsoons on the distribution of beeches in continental East Asia

Beech trees occur in significantly lower latitudes in continental East Asia than in Europe and North America. They are common deciduous trees in the deciduous forests of the temperate zone in Europe, the eastern part of North America and Japan. In continental East Asia, however, they are absent in the deciduous forests of the temperate zone, but occur in the forests of mountains in the moist subtropical zone, south of 34° Northern Latitude. The lower limits of their distribution in these mountains show a significantly different pattern from the usual distribution pattern of plants and vegetation: it declines as the latitude decreases. The altitudinal belts of beech species lie higher in the northern than in the southern parts of their distribution areas in China. Based on an analysis of the climate and the phenology of these deciduous trees, we show that the prevailing monsoon conditions are the main factor affecting the distribution of the Chinese beech species.     

Transverse swelling behavior of hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) revealed by the replica method

Transverse swelling and its anisotropy in hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) in several kinds of organic liquids and in water were investigated by means the replica method. There was more cross-sectional swelling of cell walls and cell wall thickness in earlywood than in latewood. Marked swelling toward cell lumens was observed in wood swollen in liquids that had higher swelling potentials than water. This suggests that the swelling of cell walls in these liquids is much greater than the external swelling. Feret's diameters of the cell lumens were reduced by swelling in all the observed cases except in the tangential direction of earlywood, suggesting that cell walls swell to a much less extent in width than in thickness. Deformation of cell shapes caused by the tensile force from the latewood were observed in the earlywood and in the transitional region from earlywood to latewood. When swollen in water, transverse swelling anisotropy caused only by the swelling in cell wall thickness were calculated to be 1.2 for the whole region over an annual ring and 1.4 for the earlywood. These values could not account for the external swelling anisotropy of 2.1. Considering obvious deformations of cell shapes in the earlywood and in the transitional region, we conclude that the interaction between earlywood and latewood is one of the prime factors contributing to the transverse swelling anisotropy of coniferous wood.Part of this report was presented at the 48th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Nagoya, April 1998