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发酵豆制品是亚洲国家人民饮食中重要的组成部分,并逐渐得到国际上的广泛关注和西方国家的青睐。豆制品本身含有丰富的植物化学成分,在微生物的发酵过程中这些植物化学成分衍生出许多具有生物活性的物质,这些物质对人体的生理功能产生一定的影响。为发酵豆制品的发展寻找新的方向,综述了近年来豆制品在发酵过程中植物化学成分的变化以及对豆制品生理功能的影响。 相似文献
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采用传统渥堆与无菌渥堆法,对黑茶初制中微生物数量及其优势菌群进行了分析。结果表明,黑茶渥堆过程中,微生物在一定温湿条件下,以茶叶为基质,进行大量繁殖,并通过其代谢活动对黑茶特征性风味的形成起着重要的作用。参与作用的主要微生物有:假丝酵母菌属(Candida)中的种类,黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger),青霉属(Penicillium)及其他少数霉菌,无芽孢短杆菌,芽孢细菌和球菌等。在渥堆过程中,叶温的升高、pH 值下降及含水量的变化,都是微生物新陈代谢活动的结果。茶坯含水量的高低对渥堆中微生物的 相似文献
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香蕉营养丰富、活性物质含量高,可作为深加工产品的优质原料。香蕉果酒是香蕉精深加工产品中的重要一类。由于香蕉果浆碳水化合物含量较高、酸度低、糖分高,其酿造过程中适宜各种微生物的生长繁殖,特别是乳酸菌数量的变化与酸类物质的产生密切相关。乳酸菌群落的变化容易增加发酵过程的风险,造成香蕉酒挥发酸含量超标、品质低下等不良结果。因此明确香蕉果酒发酵过程中自然存在的乳酸菌的生长繁殖规律及其对有机酸代谢的影响,可为精准调控发酵过程、提高产品质量提供理论依据。试验设置商业酵母Lalvin K1TM接种发酵过程(K1)与香蕉果汁自然发酵过程(SF)2组对比,采用实时定量PCR方法和高效液相色谱法对香蕉汁接种发酵(K1)与自然发酵过程(SF)中酵母菌、乳酸菌的生长规律以及有机酸的含量变化进行监测。结果表明:2种发酵处理下,酵母菌和乳酸菌的生长规律有差异;K1酵母菌主导的发酵过程中,乳酸菌的生长受到显著抑制,最大生长量仅为4.0×106 CFU/mL,而酵母菌生物量为1.2×107 CFU/mL;在自然发酵过程中,乳酸菌与酵母菌的生长周期完全错开,但对乳酸菌的生物量无显著影响,乳酸菌与酵母菌的生长量分别达到1.0×107 CFU/mL和1.6×107 CFU/mL。2种发酵过程均表明,酵母菌和乳酸菌的生长存在竞争与抑制关系;有机酸代谢主要与乳酸菌菌落数量相关,不同有机酸的总体变化趋势一致;在发酵过程中,乳酸含量逐渐增加,乙酸含量呈先增后降的趋势,二者在自然发酵样品中的累积量均高于接种发酵;柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸含量整体呈下降趋势。 相似文献
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以传统豆制品白干和薄百叶为材料,对贮藏过程中主要腐败微生物进行分离鉴定。利用纯培养的方法共筛选出菌落形态差别比较明显的菌株19株。对细菌菌株进行形态观察、革兰氏染色和生理生化鉴定,同时对细菌和酵母菌纯培养物提取DNA,分别进行16S rDNA和26S rDNA PCR扩增,PCR产物经测序后与NCBI中已知序列进行比对和鉴定,确定各细菌和酵母菌菌株的种属;霉菌纯培养物染色后观察孢子繁殖形态,最终确定这些菌株的种属。结果表明:白干和薄百叶中共有的优势腐败菌是溶酪葡萄球菌,枯草芽孢杆菌,约翰逊不动杆菌,戊糖片球菌;季也蒙毕赤酵母,皮状丝孢酵母;圆弧青霉和黄绿青霉。此外,白干中还有诞沫假丝酵母;薄百叶中有浅黄假单胞菌,芸苔丝孢酵母。 相似文献
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云南晒青绿毛茶的微生物固态发酵及成分变化研究 总被引:33,自引:6,他引:33
研究了添加外源优势菌种固态发酵云南晒青绿茶过程中主要成分的变化规律。结果表明,随着发酵时间的延长,主要的化学品质成分含量均发生了明显变化,以多酚类、儿茶素、茶红素、茶褐素、寡糖和多糖的变化最明显。发酵40天后,多酚类物质下降了约60%,儿茶素类下降了80%,黄酮类下降了55%,茶红素下降了90%,水溶性寡糖下降了65%,水浸出物下降了25%,而茶黄素、水溶性总糖和灰分的变化不大。但茶褐素类物质增加了4.5倍,水溶性多糖也增加了5.7倍。这说明多酚类物质、儿茶素、茶红素、茶褐素类、寡糖及多糖类物质可作为云南普洱茶的特征成分用于品质判定。实验结果还表明,利用优势菌种发酵晒青绿茶可以在短时间内生产熟普洱茶,其理化成分含量可达到陈年普洱茶的水平。实验结果同时还表明,离开了微生物和湿热作用,晒青绿茶是难以形成普洱茶特有品质风格的。 相似文献
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不同微生物菌剂及牛粪对麦糠发酵的作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为给园艺植物有机栽培基质麦糠的生产选择适宜的发酵剂,在麦糠中添加不同微生物菌剂及牛粪进行发酵试验,测定发酵过程中温度、pH值、C/N比、全P、全K含量。结果表明,在麦糠中添加了金宝贝牌菌剂(菌剂1)的处理1和处理2,在发酵过程中最高温度都稍高于50℃,而添加了有机物料腐熟剂(菌剂2)的处理3和处理4略低于50℃,未添加微生物菌剂的CK1 和CK2则接近46℃;各处理的pH值一直保持在 7.0~7. 9,均在适宜微生物生长的范围内;添加了牛粪的处理2、处理4和CK2的C/N比一直明显低于未添加牛粪的处理1、处理3和CK1;处理1和处理2的C/N比下降趋势明显大于处理3和处理4,处理2的C/N比下降速度最快,且最终C/N比值最低;各处理的全磷、全钾含量总体呈上升趋势,加过发酵剂的处理明显比对照的含量高。总体来看,菌剂1的发酵效果较好,处理2是最优处理。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):393-396
AbstractThe growth characters and productivity of the soybean plants that developed from seeds stored for various periods at 5°C and 40% relative humidity, but having 80% or higher germinability were examined in comparison with those of newly harvested seeds (new seeds). The seedlings at one month after sowing from the very old seeds (stored for 10 years and 7 months) showed morphological characters significantly different from those from the new seeds, but not those from the moderately old seeds (stored for 2 years and 7 months) or the old seeds (stored for 7 years and 7 months). In the plants from the old seeds, the mean emergence date, flowering date, maturing date, length of the main stem, yield components, seed yield, and inspection-grade or protein content of seed were not significantly different from those in the plants from the new seeds. On the other hand, in the plants from the very old seeds, the mean emergence date, length of main stem, yield components and seed yield were significantly different from those in the plants from the new seeds. We concluded that the seeds of soybean stored for 2 years and 7 months, or 7 years and 7 months having a germinability of higher than 80% are practically useful, and show normal growth characters and productivity. However, it should be noted that the seed storage for over 10 years had inferior grain yield. 相似文献
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对目前生产应用的20个三系亲本新、陈种子生育期等性状进行研究。结果表明,晚季种植新种子比陈种子生育期延长,叶片数增加;早季种植除个别亲本外,新、陈种子生育期基本相同;不同亲本间新、陈种子生育期变化差异甚大。 相似文献
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以76份有代表性的小种红茶为研究对象,采用现行国标方法测定的茶多酚和咖啡碱含量作为近红外预测模型的化学值,对应采集样品的近红外光谱值,分别建立小种红茶茶多酚和咖啡碱含量最佳偏最小二乘法(Partial least squares,PLS)模型。结果表明,所构建的茶多酚含量模型校正集决定系数(Coefficient of determination,R2)为97.59%,校正均方差(Root mean square error of calibration,RMSEC)为0.566%,验证集R2为95.06%,预测均方差(Root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP)为0.855%;咖啡碱含量模型校正集R2为96.98%,RESEC为0.110%,验证集R2为95.67%,RESEP为0.148%。茶多酚和咖啡碱含量定量分析模型效果均较好,可实现对小种红茶茶多酚和咖啡碱含量的快速检测。 相似文献
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Indigenous non-refrigerated methods like heaps and pits are used in India for short-term storage of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) to avoid distress sale. Storing untreated potatoes generally results in high losses from sprouting, moisture loss and
rotting. To reduce storage losses by inhibition of sprouting and to determine the suitability of stored potatoes for processing
into crisps, a single spray application of a commercial formulation of 3-chlorophenyl carbamate (CIPC or chlorpropham) 50%
a.i., (Oorja, United Phosphorus Limited, Mumbai, India) of CIPC (or chlorpropham) was tested on potatoes during storage from
March to June under two traditional storage methods [heap (17–33 °C, 58–92% relative humidity (RH)) and pit (17–27 °C, 72–95%
RH)] in 2 years [2005 up to 90 days of storage (DOS) and 2006 up to 105 DOS], using four cultivars and two rates of CIPC application
(20 and 30 mg a.i. kg−1 tubers). The two rates of application were comparably effective in reducing weight losses, sprouting and sprout growth in
stored tubers, and the effect was more pronounced in pit storage than in heap storage. By contrast to untreated tubers, CIPC-treated
potatoes remained turgid under the two storage methods and fetched market prices comparable to those for cold-stored (2–4
°C) potatoes after 105 days of storage. Reducing sugar concentrations in treated potatoes decreased during storage especially
in 2006 when the initial reducing sugar concentration was higher than in 2005. Crisp colour improved only in 2005 after 90
DOS, but it deteriorated in 2006 during storage up to 105 DOS. Sucrose concentration increased tremendously during storage
in 2 years. Only one cultivar (Kufri Chipsona-1) with low initial reducing sugar concentration and less sucrose accumulation
during storage could produce acceptable colour crisps after storage in both years. The remaining three cultivars—with high
initial reducing sugar concentration—were suitable for processing after storage in heap and pit in 2005, but not in 2006.
Stored potatoes were safe for human consumption as the CIPC residue concentrations were far below the permissible level of
10 mg kg−1 as prescribed by the European Union. Single spray application of CIPC (20 mg kg−1 treatment) can effectively reduce storage losses in potatoes stored in traditional non-refrigerated methods of heap and pit
and extend the storage life by 90 to 105 days. 相似文献
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茉莉花茶主要品质成分定量近红外光谱分析模型的建立 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
选择有代表性的112个茉莉花茶茶样为实验材料,采用近红外光谱分析技术结合化学计量学方法对茶多酚总量(TP)、游离氨基酸总量(AA)、咖啡碱(CAFF)、水浸出物(water extract)、没食子酸(GA)、没食子儿茶素(GC)、表没食子儿茶素(EGC)、儿茶素(C)、表儿茶素(EC)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(GCG)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG)、儿茶素没食子酸酯(CG)这13种品质成分的含量建立定量分析模型。结果显示,除CG的模型综合评价指标Q值为0.7702以外,其余的Q值为0.8~0.9。经外部检验,CAFF和GCG的真实值与预测值的相关系数R为0.7~0.8,GC、EGCG、ECG、CG为0.8~0.9,其余均达0.9以上,模型效果较好,为简便快速地测定茉莉花茶品质成分的含量提供了新思路。 相似文献
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灰色关联度分析法在绿豆育种中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
运用邓聚龙教授提出的灰色关联度分析法对嫩江农业科学研究所绿豆品比试验调查数据进行分析,求得各参试材料与对照品种的关联度和加权关联度,进而对绿豆的多性状综合评判,反映每份材料的真实价值,通过本试验加权关联度更适合在绿豆育种中应用. 相似文献