国家重大攻关项目棉花“两无”栽培试种成功

棉花“两无”栽培即“无土基质育苗、无钵体移栽”新技术，是国家重大攻关项目，由中国棉花研究所研究发明，获得了农业部棉花高产栽培重大科研成果奖，居同类研究的国际领先水平。据了解，棉花“两无”栽培技术具有抗灾抗病能力强、节省用工、育苗成本低、丰产性好等特点，在棉花生长、结桃、产量上都比营养钵移栽棉花好。     

石河子地区棉花水浮育苗移栽技术

棉花水浮育苗技术是湖南农业大学陈金湘教授研究发明的棉花育苗新技术。是以营养液水体为苗床进行的漂浮育苗技术．是棉花耕作栽培的一项新技术。在一定的光热条件下用常规栽培模式已经很难使棉花的产量得到较大提高．棉花育苗移栽技术可以使棉花在特定环境下的光热资源得到充分利用．延长棉花有效铃期,避开棉苗受开春低温、霜冻、冰雹等天气影响．从而提高棉花品质与产量．     

永修县棉花无土育苗新技术的应用效果

棉花“无土育苗、无钵移栽”（以下简称“两无栽培”）技术是指不需营养土育苗,不用钵体带苗移栽的一项实用型农业高新技术,该项技术的原理是利用棉花苗期不同生育期对养分的需要,科学合理地配备适宜棉花苗期生长发育的人工营养液,并采用特殊技术处理增强棉苗的抗逆性,使裸苗便于移栽成活,成活后得以健康生长.永修县2005年首次引进该项技术在全县试验、示范,各示范点均显示出其强劲的生命力和节本增效的优势,同时也表明了该项技术具有很好的实际应用价值,能够带来广泛的社会经济效益.     

苏沿海棉区棉花无土育苗栽培技术的应用研究

棉花是直根系经济作物,根系的发育对棉花的生长具有举足轻重的作用。长期以来,棉花都是用直播或营养钵育苗移栽的方式进行种植,以减少移栽过程中对根系的损伤,从而保证棉苗的成活率。从20世纪80年代以来,一种新型的棉花栽培技术开始发展,并且在我国棉区大面积推广应用,成为挑战传统的一种新的栽培模式,使棉花育苗移栽成为一项简单、快速、省工、省时、省费用、成活率高的高效节能产业。传统的直播棉存在用种量大和产量低的缺点,营养钵育苗移栽成本高、移栽劳动强度大,这两种种植模式都已不能完全适应现在农村劳动力转移的新形势和新需求。无…     

无土棉苗移栽关键技术

射阳县常年种植棉花53．3khm2左右,2004年以来,棉花无土育苗技术在我县得到了大力推广,有力促进了棉花产业的发展,实现了棉花育苗如育身、移栽如栽菜的轻型化栽培,打破了营养体育苗移栽技术推广20多年来的栽培体系,是棉花栽培技术上的又一次重大革新。经过几年来的实践,无土     

5种棉花育苗移栽方法的比较研究

试验采用应用较广、影响较大、代表性较强的5种棉花育苗移栽技术进行比较研究。结果表明：棉花种子发芽率和出苗率,以疏松透气的无土基质育苗最高,有土育苗较差,水浮育苗最差;棉苗生长速度以水浮育苗最快,次为有土育苗,但无土基质育苗较慢;棉苗素质以有土育苗较好,无土基质育苗较差。棉苗的移栽效果上,无土基质穴盘育苗的成活率最高,缓苗期最短,营养钵育苗次之,3种无土（裸根）移栽的较差。从技术的稳定性和可靠性看,营养钵和穴盘育苗较好。     

彭泽马当棉花"无土栽培"的应用效果

棉花“无土栽培”即无土育苗，无钵体移栽，应用生根剂、保叶剂，无土基质等新技术材料进行工厂化育苗，把过去栽不活的棉花变为栽棉如栽菜一样简单。具有商业化、产业化、市场化，前景十分广阔。     

潜江市2013年棉花轻简育苗技术应用效果与建议

推广棉花轻简育苗移栽技术,创新棉花育苗移栽方式,确保棉花生产稳定发展,作者通过在湖北省潜江市6个镇场开展了棉花轻简育苗移栽技术的示范推广,认为轻简育苗比营养钵育苗,一是省种、省工、省苗床地,二是好拿苗,但栽后返苗慢,三是中期生长稳健,四是生长后劲足,理论产量略高。同时,指出了轻简育苗在示范推广中还存在一些问题,并提出了三个协调,确保轻简育苗移栽技术的研究与应用持续发展。     

棉花应用穴盘基质育苗移栽其高产栽培技术

通过连续两年开展棉花应用穴盘基质育苗移栽的高产栽培经验总结，分析了棉花采用穴盘基质育苗其棉苗的生育特点，提出了其高产栽培的技术指标。总结出了其关键性高产栽培技术。     

杂交抗虫棉营养钵育苗技术

杂交抗虫棉营养钵育苗成败，是夺取棉花高产优质的第一步，有了足够的壮苗移栽，才能保证面积，不误季节。棉苗生长健壮，病害少，达到成活早，发棵快，为早熟、高产奠定基础。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.