Efficacy of bovine viral diarrhea vaccine used in Japan against bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 strain 890

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has been segregated into two genotypes, type 1 and type 2. To determine the efficacy of the commercially available bovine viral diarrhea type 1 vaccine used in Japan against BVDV type 2, calves were infected with BVDV type 2 strain 890 4 weeks after administration of the vaccine. The vaccinated calves did not develop any clinical signs and hematological changes such as observed in unvaccinated calves after the challenge. Furthermore, the challenge virus was not recovered from the vaccinated calves throughout the duration of the experiment, whereas it was recovered from all unvaccinated calves. The bovine viral diarrhea vaccine used in Japan is efficacious against infection with BVDV type 2 strain 890.     

Safety of a temperature-sensitive vaccine strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus in pregnant cows

Safety tests were conducted in 78 pregnant cows vaccinated with a commercial preparation of a temperature-sensitive vaccine strain of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus. After vaccination, seroconversion was detected in 33 (97%) of 34 cattle that did not have antibodies against BVD virus. Overall, 43 (91%) of 47 cows with prevaccination titers less than or equal to 4 seroconverted. During the test period, cows did not become naturally infected with BVD virus, and BVD-associated reactions to the vaccine were not observed in vaccinated cows. Calves born to vaccinated cows did not have clinical signs of fetal BVD. Precolostral blood samples collected from the progeny of cows that were seronegative at vaccination were free of antibody against BVD virus. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was not isolated from the cattle evaluated in the present study.     

Detection of bovine virus diarrhea virus in a live bovine herpes virus 1 marker vaccine

In February 1999, 12 Dutch herds were vaccinated with a live bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine from which bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) could be isolated. All vaccine batches that were on the Dutch market and that had not yet reached the expiry date were tested for BVDV. In total, seven of 82 batches tested were found positive. Batch numbers TX3607, VB3914, VB3915, VB4046, TW3391, and TV3294 were positive for BVDV type 1, and batch number WG4622 was positive for BVDV type 2. This latter batch induced clinical signs of BVDV in an animal experiment with susceptible animals.     

Evaluation of a modified live virus type-1a bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccine (Singer strain) against a type-2 (strain 890) challenge

Both type-1 and type-2 bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections are responsible for major losses in the cattle industry. However, several commercial BVDV vaccines contain only a type-1 strain. A vaccine trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of BVDV type-1 (Singer strain; BVDV-1) vaccine for protecting calves challenged with virulent BVDV type-2 (890 strain; BVDV-2). Thirty-eight BVDV-negative calves were randomly allocated to four groups. One group was treated with a modified live virus (MLV) BVDV-1 vaccine by i.m. injection and another group was treated with the same vaccine by s.c. injection. Two groups served as nonvaccinated controls (one i.m. and one s.c.). Twenty-eight days following vaccination, the calves were challenged with BVDV-2 and monitored for 21 days. Clinical scores and body temperatures of vaccinated calves were significantly (P<.05) lower than for controls on several days, and peak differences occurred 8 days after challenge. The control calves had significantly (P<.05) lower leukocyte counts 3 through 8 days after challenge; leukocyte counts for vaccinated animals did not decline significantly from prechallenge levels. There were no differences in protection between the i.m. and s.c. routes of vaccination. The study demonstrated satisfactory cross protection of the BVDV-1 vaccine against BVDV-2 challenge.     

牛病毒性腹泻疫苗的研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻(bovine viral diarrhea,BVD)作为一种病毒性腹泻黏膜病,给养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失,应用疫苗来防控牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)依然是重要的方法。直至目前,我国还没有成熟的BVDV疫苗,本研究主要综述了近几年来国外BVDV疫苗的研究进展,旨在为国内BVDV疫苗的研制及应用提供参考。     

The live attenuated bovine viral diarrhea virus components of a multi-valent vaccine confer protection against fetal infection

Fetal infection with bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes severe economic loss and virus spread in cattle. This study investigated the ability of modified live BVDV I and II components of a commercially available modified live virus (MLV) vaccine (Breed-Back FP 10, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica Inc.) to prevent fetal infection and abortion, and therefore the birth of persistently infected animals. Heifers immunized with vaccine 4-8 weeks before insemination showed no adverse effects. All vaccinated animals had seroconverted to BVDV 4 weeks after immunization. Pregnant heifers were divided into two vaccination and two control groups and challenged with type I or II BVDV on days 60-90 of gestation. Seroconversion, clinical signs, immunosuppression, viremia, mortality, abortion rate, and fetal infection were studied. Post-challenge, 6/11 (type I challenged) and 8/11 (type II challenged) vaccinated heifers were free from clinical signs of BVD. Post-challenge clinical signs noted in the vaccinated groups were mild to moderate, while all unvaccinated controls had clinical signs ranging from moderate to severe. Viremia was not detected post-challenge in any of the vaccinated heifers. However, 100% of the controls were BVDV viremic on at least 1 day post-challenge. One of 22 vaccinated heifers had transient leukopenia, whereas 2/8 and 6/7 unvaccinated heifers in control groups I and II, respectively, had transient leukopenia. Type II BVDV infection led to abortion or death in 86% of unvaccinated heifers. The corresponding vaccinated group showed no deaths or abortions. All control group fetuses were infected with BVDV. The test vaccine gave 91% (type I BVDV challenged) and 100% (type II BVDV challenged) protection from fetal infection. This vaccine is safe and effective against fetal infection, abortion (type II BVDV) and the birth of persistently infected animals.     

用RT-PCR方法检测猪瘟细胞苗中污染牛病毒性腹泻病毒

参考GenBank中牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)和猪瘟兔化弱毒病毒(HCLV)序列,设计和建立了一种PCR检测方法,通过试验证明,所建方法能够对HCLV和BVDV进行鉴别诊断;用此方法对23个批次的猪瘟细胞苗进行检测,发现有5批疫苗污染BVDV,均为BVDV I型,污染率为21.74%。测定序列与BVDV Oregon C24V株(AF091605)的核苷酸相似性为83.2%~83.5%,与NADL株(M31182)的核苷酸相似性为86.4%~86.7%。     

Fetal protection against continual exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus following administration of a vaccine containing an inactivated bovine viral diarrhea virus fraction to cattle

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a commercially available killed bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccine to protect against fetal infection in pregnant cattle continually exposed to cattle persistently infected with the BVDV. ANIMALS: 60 crossbred beef heifers and 4 cows persistently infected with BVDV. PROCEDURES: Beef heifers were allocated to 2 groups. One group was vaccinated twice (21-day interval between the initial and booster vaccinations) with a commercially available vaccine against BVDV, and the other group served as nonvaccinated control cattle. Estrus was induced, and the heifers were bred. Pregnancy was confirmed by transrectal palpation. Four cows persistently infected with BVDV were housed with 30 pregnant heifers (15 each from the vaccinated and nonvaccinated groups) from day 52 to 150 of gestation. Fetuses were then harvested by cesarean section and tested for evidence of BVDV infection. RESULTS: 1 control heifer aborted after introduction of the persistently infected cows. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated from 14 of 14 fetuses obtained via cesarean section from control heifers but from only 4 of 15 fetuses obtained via cesarean section from vaccinated heifers; these proportions differed significantly. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A commercially available multivalent vaccine containing an inactivated BVDV fraction significantly reduced the risk of fetal infection with BVDV in heifers continually exposed to cattle persistently infected with BVDV. However, not all vaccinated cattle were protected, which emphasizes the need for biosecurity measures and elimination of cattle persistently infected with BVDV in addition to vaccination within a herd.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒JY株分离鉴定

为了对疑似含有牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)的种公牛精液进行检测并分离病毒,本研究采用细胞培养、免疫荧光及纳米PCR技术,对采自吉林省某牛病毒性腹泻(BVD)发病牛场中使用的种公牛精液进行检测与病毒分离。共采公牛精液8份,接种牛肾细胞系(MDBK)进行分离培养。分离得到阳性毒株为非致细胞病变(NCP)型,测得第4代病毒效价为10^6.25TCID₅₀/mL。纳米PCR检测5′-UTR和E2基因,测序后与GenBank上已发表的BVDV流行毒株核酸序列比对和进化分析。结果表明,分离毒株属于BVDV-1型,与BVDVJL株亲缘关系最近,5′-UTR核苷酸同源性为100%,E2基因核苷酸同源性为99.3%,命名为BVDVJY株。研究显示,本次采集的种公牛精液携带BVDV-1型毒株。该牛场BVD的发生疑似与种公牛精液带毒有关,对牛场BVD的防治起到警示作用。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒HB-DCZ株E0基因的克隆与抗原表位预测

根据GenBank上发表的牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV) Oregon C24V株E0基因的核苷酸序列设计1对特异性引物,应用PCR技术扩增BVDV HB-DCZ株E0基因.将PCR产物克隆到pMD18-T载体,克隆产物进行序列测定与分析.结果显示,HB-DCZ cDNA体外扩增获得特异性条带,约为687 bp.序列测定结果表明,HB-DCZ株E0基因由681个核苷酸组成,编码227个氨基酸.与已公开发表的BVDV其他毒株核苷酸和推导氨基酸序列同源性相似顺序依次为:CCSYD 99％和98.7％、QHZK10 98.4％和97.8％、VEDEVAC 98.2％和97.8％、Oregon C24V80.9％和89.9％、Yak 74.2％和81.1％.HB-DCZ与CCSYD、QHZK10以及VEDEVAC株的遗传距离较近,与国际标准毒株C24V、Yak株的遗传距离较远.运用Kyte-Doolittle方案预测氨基酸的亲水性,采用Karplus-Schulz方案预测蛋白质的柔性区域,按Jameson-Wolf方案预测抗原指数,利用Emini方案预测蛋白质的表面可及性.对预测结果综合分析,推测最有可能的B细胞表位位于N-端6～17、23～29、47～53、59～68、70～81、97～109、114～122、127～134、137～143、165～172、186～198和213～220.     

猪源牛病毒性腹泻病毒SH-28分离株的全基因组序列及遗传进化分析

为了解猪源牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)与牛源BVDV在遗传特性上的差异,本试验对实验室分离保存的1株猪源BVDV(SH-28)进行了全基因组测序.利用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法分段扩增了SH-28分离株的18条cDNA片段,分别克隆于pGEM-T质粒载体并进行测序,用CLUSTX(1.8)和Lasergene软件进行序列的剪切和拼接,最终获得SH-28基因组序列全长为12 279个核苷酸(nt),开放阅读框(ORF)长11 685 nt,编码3 895个氨基酸(aa),5'-UTR和3’-UTR分别长385 nt和206 nt.全基因组进化树结果表明,虽然SH-28与HLJ-10同处于一个分支上,但其与XJ-04的全基因组核苷酸同源性最高(92.3％),而与另外2株猪源BVDV-1(ZM-95、SD0806)的亲缘性较远(70.0％、70.1％).5’-UTR进化树结果显示,SH-28分离株属于BVDV-2a2基因亚型,而HLJ-10和J-04株属于BVDV-2a1.由此,我们推测SH-28很有可能是由牛源BVDV-2进化而来的,但不同于已发表的BVDV-2分离株.     

猪瘟疫苗中牛病毒性腹泻病毒2型的检测

为对上海某猪场送检的一份猪瘟疫苗进行牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)检测,本研究将猪瘟疫苗样品接种于MDBK细胞,盲传15代后仍无致细胞病变效应,但间接免疫荧光试验表明接种该疫苗后的MDBK细胞能够被单克隆抗体BZ-53(BVDV-2)识别。采用BVDV-1和BVDV-2的5’-UTR的通用检测引物和针对BVDV E2的引物,对样品RNA进行RT-PCR检测,结果显示,样品能够扩增出约288 bp的BVDV特异性片段;此外,5’-UTR和E2基因片段的测序分析结果表明分离株属于BVDV-2,并且其E2基因与牛源XJ-04株(BVDV-2)的E2基因同源性最高(92.3%),而与猪源ZM-95株(BVDV-1)的E2基因同源性较低(64.5%)。由此证明,该猪瘟疫苗中的确污染有一株BVDV-2株。     

Evaluation of a bovine virus diarrhea vaccine.

Singer Strain bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) modified live-virus vaccine, produced in a continuous bovine cell line using equine serum in the growth medium, evoked a high level of serum antibodies and protected against virulent challenge in vaccinated calves. Transmission of vaccinal virus from vaccinated cattle to susceptible controls did not occur when vaccinated and nonvaccinated cattle were kept in constant contact for 23 days. Postvaccinal reactions to the viral vaccine were not observed in vaccinated cattle from 10 feedlots or in cattle vaccinated with multiple doses of the experimental vaccine.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒CC13B株全基因组序列及分析

从长春地区某牛场发生疑似为牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病的病牛粪样中分离到1株病毒,经序列测定为牛病毒性腹泻病毒命名为BVDV CC13B株。核苷酸序列的测定结果显示,CC13B毒株的完全基因组序列由12 265个核苷酸组成,其中5′端非编码区包含380个核苷酸,3′端非编码区包含188个核苷酸。病毒基因组含有1个大的读码框架,编码1个由3 898个氨基酸组成的前体多聚蛋白。序列对比结果显示,CC13B毒株的核苷酸和氨基酸序列与国外CP-5A毒株同源性最高,分别为为96.2%和97.3%;而与国内分离株JZ05-1的同源性最低,分别为69.8%和71.0%。系统进化树分析结果表明,CC13B毒株与国内分离的长春184、Xinjiang-3156和H等分离株归类为BVDV基因Ⅰ型的Ib基因亚型。结果表明,长春地区近年发生的牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病依然主要由BVDV基因Ⅰ型毒株引起。     

Establishment of an attenuated strain of bovine respiratory syncytial virus for live virus vaccine

To develop a live virus vaccine for the prevention of bovine respiratory syncytial (BRS) virus infection in calves, an attempt was made to produce an attenuated virus. The RS-52 strain of BRS virus, isolated from the nasal secretions of a naturally infected calf, was subjected to serial passages in adult hamster lung established (HAL) cells at 30 degrees C and the attenuated rs-52 strain as a live virus vaccine was established. The rs-52 strain multiplied better at 30 degrees C than at 34 or 37 degrees C in HAL cells. The differences in the highest virus titers of this strain between the culture temperature of 30 degrees C and that of 34 or 37 degrees C were more than 2.25 log TCID50. Colostrum-deprived newborn calves and 2 approximately 4 months old calves inoculated with the rs-52 strain manifested no abnormal clinical sings at all. However, all inoculated calves produced serum neutralization antibody. When the colostrum-deprived newborn calves immunized with the rs-52 strain were challenged with the virulent NMK7 strain of BRS virus, they exhibited no pyrexia or other abnormal clinical signs at all. An attempt was made to recover the virus from nasal secretions of these calves, but in vain. On the other hand, a nonimmunized control colostrum-deprived newborn calf developed slight fever, mild cough, and slight serous nasal discharge after challenge exposure. The virus was recovered from nasal secretions of this calf. From these results, it was considered that the rs-52 strain could be used as an attenuated live virus vaccine for prevention of BRS virus infection.     

1株牛病毒性腹泻病毒河北株的分离鉴定与遗传演化分析

从河北省保定市某养殖场采集疑似患病毒性腹泻/黏膜病(BVD)的犊牛粪便6份,进行牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)的分离培养,根据GenBank上登录的BVDV5'-UTR片段设计引物,利用RT-PCR技术对目的片段进行扩增,扩增得到的目的基因片段送至公司测序,测序结果进行同源性分析和系统进化树构建.结果:分离出1株致细胞病...     

Use of a modified-live vaccine to prevent persistent testicular infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus

A commercial vaccine containing modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV; types 1 and 2) was administered to one group of 22 peripubertal bulls 28 days before intranasal inoculation with a type 1 strain of BVDV. A second group of 23 peripubertal bulls did not receive the modified-live BVDV vaccine before intranasal inoculation. Ten of 23 unvaccinated bulls--but none of the vaccinated bulls--developed a persistent testicular infection as determined by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. Results of this study indicate that administration of a modified-live vaccine containing BVDV can prevent persistent testicular infection if peripubertal bulls are vaccinated before viral exposure.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒TC株的分离鉴定及E0基因的序列分析

从新疆塔城地区某牛场采集患病犊牛全血,将RT-PCR方法鉴定为牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)阳性的样品接种到MDBK细胞,传代至第4代,出现典型病变(CPE)。通过间接免疫荧光试验,证明该分离病毒为BVDV,命名为BVDV-TC。设计引物对E0基因进行扩增和序列分析。所得片段与GenBank上已发表的BVDV毒株核苷酸序列的同源性为69.3%~93.8%,氨基酸同源性为73.6%~97.8%,TC株的遗传距离与VEDEVAC株最接近。BVDV-TC是第一个在新疆地区报道的1b亚型BVDV毒株,为新疆地区BVDV感染的防控提供依据。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒四川株SC的分离鉴定及其生物学特性分析

为分离鉴定牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)四川流行毒株,并掌握其生物学特性和遗传特征,通过病毒分离培养特征观察、RT-PCR检测、间接免疫荧光试验、中和试验4种方法分离鉴定出1株BVDV,命名为SC株。生物学特性检测显示,该毒株对乙醚、氯仿、胰蛋白酶敏感,耐碱不耐酸,对温度敏感,属于RNA病毒;5'UTR遗传进化表明显示该毒株与BVDV-1b型同源性较高。本研究成功分离鉴定1株BVDV四川流行毒株,为BVDV感染机制的研究、疫苗的研制以及防控措施的制定奠定了基础。