T-DNA插入产生的水稻小粒突变体遗传分析

[目的]研究水稻粒形突变体的遗传特性及其在水稻遗传改良中的作用。[方法]筛选水稻T-DNA插入纯合体,鉴定表型变异,通过表型突变的遗传分析及其与T-DNA插入共分离的检测,研究水稻表型突变的遗传特性。[结果]观察到1个粒形突变体T56。主要表现为粒长变短、粒宽变窄及千粒重降低;对该突变体进行遗传分析,分离群体出现野生型和突变体2种类型,其分离比符合3∶1,表明该突变体表型受1对隐性基因控制。突变体及其后代分离群体的Basta抗性检测和PCR分子检测结果表明,该突变体由T-DNA插入所引起,突变性状与T-DNA共分离。[结论]该材料可用于插入座位的基因克隆和水稻遗传改良的种质资源。     

水稻PcG类基因 OsEMF2b T-DNA插入杂合突变体的细胞学研究

采用石蜡切片法对水稻OsEMF2b的T-DNA插入杂合突变体的花器官形态、雌雄蕊发育和种子形成等过程进行了细胞学研究。结果表明,OsEMF2b杂合突变体花器官形态和各部分的数量有变异,但花药和胚珠发育以及花粉和胚囊的育性正常。OsEMF2b杂合突变体出现一定比例的受精卵不分裂、胚胎发育延迟、胚胎畸形,胚乳游离核不能细胞化和胚乳细胞退化解体等异常现象,从而导致其结实率明显低于野生型。OsEMF2b基因可能在水稻的花器官形成和种子发育过程中具有重要的调控作用。     

T-DNA (Ds) 插入产生的水稻卷叶突变的遗传分析

在筛选和鉴定水稻T-DNA（Ds）插入纯合体的过程中,观察到1个叶片卷曲的突变体．对该突变体进行遗传分析表明,分离群体出现叶片卷曲和叶片正常2种植株类型,其分离比率为3：1,符合1对基因的显性遗传．Basta抗性检测及PCR分子检测证实,该突变体是由单一T-DNA（Ds）插入所引起的,突变性状与T-DNA（Ds）共分离．该突变材料可用于插入座位的基因克隆．     

T-DNA插入产生的水稻白化苗突变的遗传分析

在筛选和鉴定水稻T-DNA(含Basta抗性基因Bar)插入纯合体的过程中,观察到1个白化苗的突变体.对该突变体进行遗传分析表明,分离群体出现绿苗和白化苗2种类型,其分离比率为3:1,符合1对基因的显性遗传.Basta 抗性检测、PCR分子检测及Southern杂交证实,该突变体是由单一T-DNA插入所引起的,白化苗性状与T-DNA共分离.该突变材料可用于插入座位的基因克隆.     

低叶绿素b水稻突变体的抗氧化酶系统研究(英文)

[Objective] The mitigative effect of antioxidase system of a rice mutant with low chlorophyll b on photooxidative damage was studied.[Method] A rice mutant with low chlorophyll b and its wild type were taken as experimental materials to comparatively research their peroxide (H2O2) contents, the activity and isozymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in chloroplast.[Result] Compared with the wild type, there were many kinds of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant, and the activity of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant was also correspondingly higher. Under intense light condition, the H2O2 content of chloroplast in mutant was less than that in the wild type. [Conclusion] The higher activity of scavenging active oxygen can relieve the photooxidative damage made by excessive light energy of intense light on photosynthetic membrane, which is an important reason for higher photosystem Ⅱ (PS II) stability of this mutant.     

甜瓜T-DNA插入突变体的构建

[目的]构建激活标签载体并将其转入甜瓜中,获得甜瓜T-DNA插入突变体,为甜瓜功能基因组学的研究奠定基础.[方法]用PCR法扩增目的DNA片段,经EcoRI和SacI顺序酶切,将目的片段连接到pCAMBIA2301载体上,构建含4 ×35s Enhancer DNA片段的激活标签载体.以甜瓜品种‘伽师’为材料,利用农杆菌介导的转化体系转化甜瓜愈伤组织,获得甜瓜T-DNA插入突变体.[结果]获得4株T0代甜瓜转化幼苗,通过Kan筛选和PCR鉴定甜瓜转化幼苗的DNA中是否含有目的基因,证明其中3株甜瓜转化幼苗为转基因植株.[结论]获得了突变植株,为甜瓜重要性状基因发掘奠定基础.     

水稻T-DNA插入突变体库筛选及其突变特征研究

采用水培方法大规模苗期筛选水稻T-DNA插入突变体库,以苗期表观症状为参考指标,从2 173个T1代家系中共筛选分离出表型突变家系145个。突变体类型分为4类,即氮营养缺陷型突变型、白化苗型、黄化苗型、植株矮小型。     

水稻卷叶突变体rlm1的基因克隆

叶片是植物光合作用的主要场所,优良的叶片形态有利于塑造理想的株型,提高光合效率。为了研究叶片形态建成的分子机制,自水稻T-DNA插入突变体库中筛选获得1个叶片半卷曲的卷叶突变体(roll leaf mutant,命名为rlm1),突变体rlm1主要特征为成熟叶片沿中脉向内卷,叶片最终卷成直立半圆筒状,叶片卷曲度达0.64,叶片直立参数达95,且光合效率显著优于野生型。通过图位克隆技术,确定突变体rlm1突变位点位于LOC_Os03g06654基因的第1个内含子,LOC_Os03g06654基因编码黄素单氧化酶(flavin-containing monooxygenase),RT-PCR表达分析表明LOC_Os03g06654基因因T-DNA插入而导致完全失活。该基因与已报道的水稻卷叶基因Os COW1(Constitutively Wilted 1)为等位基因,而且突变体rlm1所表现的农艺性状均佳,可期待利用该突变体进行高光合的育种实践。     

插入T-DNA片段构建部分水稻突变体株系

 通过农杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens介导,将T-DNA片段高效插入水稻中花11的基因组DNA中。利用二次枝梗种子和未成熟种子的盾片愈伤组织作为转化起始物,探索并优化了影响愈伤组织诱导率、再生率和转化率的试验条件,得到近10 000株转化植株。经PCR分析和Southern 杂交证明已将外源基因整合到水稻基因组中。当代转基因植株可抗0.2%的除草剂Basta。200余棵T0代转化株系出现白化苗、宽叶、狭叶、黄叶、高秆、矮化并杂草化、不育、白化穗、皱穗和抽穗延迟等突变表型,结实率普遍较低     

批量筛选水稻T-DNA插入突变体库获得生殖发育相关突变体

针对花器官形态和种子发育突变表型对大型水稻T-DNA插入突变体库进行筛选,获得了大量突变体信息及材料,在9 760个突变体家系中筛选得到177个花器官形态和数量异常的突变家系,突变频率为1.81%;对9 760个家系中的3 432个家系筛选得到179个种子发育缺陷的突变家系,突变频率为5.22%。对所获得的270个突变家系进行了T-DNA插入的阳性检测,阳性率为64.8%。利用公共数据库RMD(Rice MutantDatabase,RMD)给定的侧翼序列,鉴定了其中1个结实率较低的突变体家系,表明其突变表型和T-DNA插入共分离,为深入研究该基因的功能提供了重要的遗传材料。     

水稻T-DNA插入氮营养缺陷型突变体的氮营养特征

利用营养液培养试验,研究水稻T-DNA插入氮营养缺陷型突变体的氮营养特性.结果表明,氮营养缺陷型突变体突变植株硝态氮和铵态氮吸收速率均低于原始亲本,植株氮含量及硝酸还原酶活性降低,氮同化能力下降,根系变短,根系体积及根系活跃面积变小,植株变矮.     

一个水稻T-DNA插入类病斑突变体的初步研究

从T-DNA插入突变体中筛选到一个类病斑突变体AZT91,主要表现为生长缓慢、植株矮小、叶片出现条状褐斑,最后死亡。对突变体及其后代分离群体进行潮霉素抗性检测,证明该突变体是由T-DNA插入突变引起的,突变性状与T-DNA共分离。PCR和TAIL-PCR分析进一步证明了上述的观点。利用TAIL-PCR扩增了左边界侧翼序列,通过分析,初步推测该突变体可能是由于T-DNA插入后激活了单加氧酶基因的过量表达,破坏正常代谢途径,导致突变体死亡。该材料可用于水稻代谢调控机理的研究。     

水稻Ds插入具芒突变体相关基因的功能预测

[目的]研究水稻Ds插入具芒突变体形成的分子机理。[方法]采用TAIL-PCR技术,从水稻Ds插入具芒突变体中克隆出Ds侧翼基因序列,分析被插入基因的结构,并分析预测基因编码的蛋白功能。[结果]Ds插入在具芒突变体7号染色体Os07g0588700基因前1 339 bp处。Ds插入位置的下游基因编码产物含一个锌指区CX2CX3FX5LX2HX3H,且含高度保守的QALGGH保守区,为水稻的单锌指蛋白。[结论]Ds转座元件插入基因组中,影响了编码锌指蛋白基因的表达调控,使突变体显示出具芒的表型。     

一个水稻生物产量突变体的遗传分析

突变体是研究基因功能的重要材料。除自然突变和物理、化学方法外,T—DNA插入诱变、转座子插入诱变等分子生物学手段也得到广泛的应用。而水稻全基因组测序的完成和水稻分子标记技术发展,使得通过图位克隆法从非插入突变的水稻突变体获得相关基因变得相对容易,目前,在水稻上通过图位克隆已克隆到一些重要的基因。该研究在转Bar基因水稻后代T1代群体中发展了一个高生物产量突变体,并对该突变体进行遗传分析,为该基因的克隆和功能分析提供参考。     

Genetic Analysis of a Biomass Mutant in Oryza sativa

[Objective] The study aimed to reveal the genetic model of a biomass mutant in Oryza sativa. [Method] In the process of screening and identification of Bar-transgenic rice,a biomass mutant was found in 10 lines of T1 progenies. The mutant was investigated for genetic analysis and agronomic traits by herbicide spraying and PCR amplification. [Result] The segregation ratio is consistent with mendelian law(3∶1). The mutant assumed not only higher plant height,wider straw and earlier florescence,but also more tillers,bigger spikes and resultantly higher biomass. PCR detections indicated that no co-segregation was observed between mutant traits and target gene(Bar) in the T-DNA inserted,proving that the mutant is not caused by the insertion of T-DNA containing target gene (Bar). [Conclusion] Our study may avail to understand the cloning of mutant gene and the mechanism of the mutant gene on biomass.     

Genetic Analysis of a Biomass Mutant in Oryza sativa

[Objective] The study aimed to reveal the genetic model of a biomass mutant in Oryza sativa. [Method] ln the process of seresning and iden-tification of Bar-transgenic rice, a biomass mutant was found in 10 lines of TI progenies. The mutant was investigated for genetic analysis and agronomic traits by herbicide spraying and PCR amplification. [Result] The segregation ratio is consistent with mendelian law(3:1). The mutant assumed not only higher plant height, wider straw and earlier florescence, but also more tillers, bigger spikes and resuhantly higher biomass. PCR detections indicated that no co-segregation was observed between mutant traits and target gene(Bar) in the T-DNA inserted, proving that the mutant is not caused by the insertion of T-DNA containing target gene (Bar). [Conclusion] Our study may avail to understand the cloning of mutant gene and the mechanism of the mutant gene on biomass.     

一个水稻生物产量突变体的遗传分析(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to reveal the genetic model of a biomass mutant in Oryza sativa. [Method] In the process of screening and identification of Bar-transgenic rice,a biomass mutant was found in 10 lines of T1 progenies. The mutant was investigated for genetic analysis and agronomic traits by herbicide spraying and PCR amplification. [Result] The segregation ratio is consistent with mendelian law(3∶1). The mutant assumed not only higher plant height,wider straw and earlier florescence,but also more tillers,bigger spikes and resultantly higher biomass. PCR detections indicated that no co-segregation was observed between mutant traits and target gene(Bar) in the T-DNA inserted,proving that the mutant is not caused by the insertion of T-DNA containing target gene (Bar). [Conclusion] Our study may avail to understand the cloning of mutant gene and the mechanism of the mutant gene on biomass.