新型高效砼减水剂

新型高效砼减水剂随着我国建筑业的日益发展，我国高层、超高层砼建筑日益增多，因而对砼的品质要求也愈来愈高。当代砼工程技术发展标志是大流动性砼、泵送砼、高强砼和超高强砼、自密实砼。这些砼应用技术与高效减水剂密切相关，掺加少量高效减水剂可较全面地改善水泥砼...     

中国水利水电工程应用砼湿喷技术简介

国内湿喷砼施工于1985年在云南鲁布革水电站地下厂房开始使用该技术，由挪威提供技术咨询和设备。引进瑞典Aliva喷车后，湿喷工艺更加成熟实用。湿喷砼的优点是砼质量稳定，回弹量少，粉尘污染小，地下地上均适用。现对湿喷砼所用材料，施工注意事项进行说明分析。     

关于防射线大体积砼墙体冬期施工的探讨

大体积砼墙体冬期施工，控制砼内部与表面温度差，在规范允许范围内，使砼不产生裂缝，确定保温材料及厚度是关键。     

“水泥裹砂法”砼搅拌工艺初探

“水泥裹砂法”砼搅拌工艺初探牡丹江林业工程公司张琢文，时雪兵，王贵仁“水泥裹砂法”是砼在搅拌过程中的一项工艺改革技术，是控制砼强度的离散性、提高施工和易性和强度储备、节省水泥的一项科学措施。在日本和西方建筑业中早有应用。为了控制砼在施工中强度的离散性...     

简述砼配合比设计

本文针对路面砼的用料（水泥、碎石、砂、水、外加剂）进行逐项分析，根据砼的力学性质和工艺性质，进行配合比设计，并通过举例简单说明砼配合比设计过程。     

深基坑锻锤基础冬期施工

在冬期施工，对于土方开挖、钢筋绑扎、人员的通行、砼的浇铸、砼的温度控制，基坑的保温等都带来一定困难，为此提出了深基坑锻锤基础才是最佳实践应用。     

砼工程外观质量的治理措施

对影响砼工程外观质量的因素进行归纳，对产生的原因进行分析，提出砼工程外观质量控制的技术措施。     

深基坑锻锤基础冬期施工

在冬期施工，对于土方开挖、钢筋绑扎、人员的通行、砼的浇铸、砼的温度控制、基坑的保温等都带来一定困难，为此提出了深基坑锻锤基础才是最佳实践应用。     

浅析单层工业厂房砼整体地面产生质量问题的原因

本文从设计、施工工艺、操作程度等方面分析了砼整体地面产生裂缝、空鼓、起砂、脱皮质量问题的原因，强调了设计，施工，操作上严格执行标准，规范和规程，对防止砼整体地面出现质量缺陷的作用和意义。     

钢管拱砼压注技术

本文介绍了钢管拱砼压注技术的压注要点及质量控制，钢管拱砼质量检测，管芯砼随龄期增长情况及注意事项。     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

森林冠层结构与功能及其时空变化研究进展*

林冠是森林与外界环境相互作用最直接和最活跃的界面层 ,同时 ,它本身又承载了森林生物多样性的主体部分。森林冠层研究的方法和技术在近些年取得了长足发展 ,从而促进了有关林冠结构与功能的研究。这些研究深化了人们对于林冠结构与光能截获以及群落干物质积累之间关系的认识 ,同时 ,对于森林冠层的物质循环和能量传输以及冠层内各营养级之间相互关系动态也有了更为深入的理解。考察森林冠层的结构与功能及其时空变化是深入理解整个森林生态系统的格局、过程及其运作机制的重要基础。     

Persistence of herbicides in forest nursery soils

The persistence of the four herbicides atrazine, hexazinone, lenacil and linuron was studied in forest nursery soils. The adsorption capacities of the soils for the chemicals were described by the distribution coefficients kj and k_oc. Due to the low content of organic matter in the soils the k_a‐values were low, in several cases being <1 for hexazinone. Hexazinone also had the lowest k _oc‐value (30) while the other substances had k_oc ‐values within the range 200–400. In some cases hexazinone showed great mobility under field conditions. The formula c=c_o‐kt^1/2 was used to describe the disappearance of the herbicides from the various soils. The rate of degradation of the four herbicides correlated well with the rate of respiration in the same soils in laboratory experiments, and for linuron reasonably well also in field experiments. In the field experiments the herbicides penetrated the top soil layer. In the subsoil the risk of further transport downward to the drainage system or ground water increased, especially for hexazinone. Linuron as well as the fungicides maneb and tolylfluanid suppressed the decomposition rate of hexazinone in laboratory experiments.     

浅议野生动物所有权

野生动物所有权是所有权的一种,它与其他所有权的区别在于客体的不同。文章阐述了野生动物的内涵,分析了野生动物的分类和野生动物与野生动物资源的区别。在明确野生动物含义的基础上,提出了野生动物所有权的概念,深入论述了野生动物所有权与野生动物资源所有权的差异和联系,并对野生动物所有权的主体、客体、内容进行了分析。     

竹大片刨花板对竹材生物学特性的适应性

以云南四种典型材用丛生竹（龙竹、甜龙竹、黄竹和油勒竹）宏观构造、组织结构、主要物理力学性质和化学组份等竹材主要生物学特性的研究分析结果为依据,提出了竹大片刨花板的结构、制板工艺和设备与原料竹材生物学特性之间应有的适应性关系。继而,通过实验室系列化试验和工厂试生产,确定了竹大片刨花板的应有性能和最佳工艺条件包括竹大片刨花的最佳质量指标及其最佳制备条件。     

Log sawing positioning optimization and log bucking of tropical hardwood species to increase the volume yield

The sawmill industry is a very important link in the Mozambique forest products value chain, but the industry is characterized by undeveloped processing technology and high-volume export of almost unrefined logs. The low volume yield of sawn timber has been identified as a critical gap in the technological development of the industry. To improve the profitability of the industry, there is thus a need to develop methods and techniques that improve the yield. In this paper, different positioning of logs prior to sawing and the possibility of increasing the volume yield of crooked logs by bucking the logs before sawing have been studied. A computer simulation was used to study the cant-sawing and through-and-through sawing of the logs to determine the volume yield of sawn timber from the jambirre (Millettia stuhlmannii Taub.) and umbila (Pterocarpus angolensis DC.) species. The optimal position, i.e. the position of the log before sawing that gives the highest volume yield of sawn timber for a given sawing pattern when the positioning parameters, offset, skew and rotation, are considered gave a considerable higher volume yield than the horns-down position. By bucking very crooked logs and using the horns-down positioning before sawing, the volume yield can be of the same magnitude as that obtained by optimal positioning on full-length (un-bucked) logs. The bucking reduces the crook of the logs and hence increases the volume yield of sawn timber.     

丽水市竹产业化建设进展与思考

丽水市是浙江省竹类的重点产区之一。竹子产业化是丽水市“十·五”期间农业产业化的重点。该文分析了丽水市竹产业化提出的背景 ,总结了竹产业化建设取得的主要进展 ,根据发展中存在的问题 ,在观念改变和机制创新、强化科技支撑作用、培植龙头企业、建立运销服务体系以及加强小径竹开发利用等方面进行了深入的思考。     

Serological marking of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pnigalio agraules</Emphasis> (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) for field dispersal studies

The parasitoid wasp Pnigalio agraules (Wlk.) is a key natural enemy of the horsechestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridella Deschka and Dimić (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). As a basis for mark-release-recapture studies, aimed at investigating the dispersal of this parasitoid in the field, adults of P. agraules were marked using a vertebrate-specific immunoglobulin (IgG). The marker was later detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). The IgG was either applied externally by spraying or internally by feeding an IgG-enriched diet. Different concentrations of the marker were used and the influence of abiotic (climatic conditions, time elapsed between marking and marker examination) and biotic factors (sex and age of the parasitoids) on the detection of the immunomarker was tested. External marking by spraying led to more homogeneous labelling than feeding the marker. Parasitoids labelled with 0.25 mg rabbit IgG per ten individuals contained enough immunomarker to be easily distinguished from unmarked ones. Neither the climatic conditions nor the sex or age of the insects had an influence on the detection of the marker. The IgG remained well detectable during the entire lifespan of the parasitoids, which was not negatively affected by the marking procedure. Serological marking can be used to investigate the dispersal behaviour of beneficial insects within mark-release-recapture studies.     

用苯芴酮萃取分光法测定微量锗

本文探讨了用苯芴酮萃取分光法测定微量锗的实验条件和步骤．结果表明，用此法测定微量锗灵敏度高、操作简便、准确，是测定微量锗的较好方法．可用于对植物和食品中的微量锗进行检测．     

大兴安岭森林资源变化分析

阐述了人为破坏、过度采伐和自然森林火灾是引起大兴安岭森林资源变化的重要因子;通过对建国初到2002年大兴安岭森林资源在数量上和质量上的变化分析,得出了森林资源变化趋势。森林资源数量减少,且森林质量下降,大兴安岭的森林在经历着破碎化和年轻化的过程。