R—8复合忌食剂防止鼠鸟取食飞播马尾松种子效果的调查报告

用R-8复合忌食剂处理飞播造林的马尾松种子，结合我省飞播造林进行生产试验799万亩，在单位面积用种量减少20%的情况下，拌药区鼠、鸟对种子的取食率减少19-44%，平均31.50%；每亩有苗数262-293株，比对照区增加1-2倍，且对种子发芽及幼苗生长有一定的促进作用。R-8复合忌食剂药物来源丰富，价格便宜，药效稳定，对人畜、家禽、鱼类安全，对环境污染轻微，拌药简便，适用范围广，是大面积飞播造林比较理想的防鼠、鸟取食种子的忌食剂。     

飞播造林中应用FSB1忌食剂的研究初报

ＦＳＢ１忌食剂经过３年试验和推广表明，它能促进种子发芽，防止鸟鼠取食并具有消毒作用。在试验区调查发现其成苗数量飞播造林标准验收合格株数的２倍多，与对照区相比，出苗率增中４０％以上。     

多效复合剂应用效果调查

应用多效复合剂处理油松种子，在朝阳、凌源、北票3个县（市）进行飞播造林，调查结果表明，应用多效复合剂处理的油松种子与未处理的比较，种子保存率提高35．4％，有苗样方率提高37．4％，平均有苗株数为对照区的2．4倍，油松1年生苗高比对照高0．46cm。说明了多效复合剂具有显著的驱避鸟鼠效果，减少种子损失，而且还有保持种子水分、提高苗木成活率的效能，应在飞播造林中大量推广应用。     

油松飞播造林试验

油松飞播造林试验赵天全（四川林业勘察设计研究院）油松（Ｐｉｎｕｓｔａｂｕｌａｅｆｏｒｍｉｓ）是温带树种，具有耐寒喜光的特点，是良好的建筑用材。我省盆周中山地区和川西南山区，交通不便，人烟稀少，荒山连片集中，为寻求这些地区适宜的飞播造林树种，进行了油松...     

多效复合剂在飞播造林中应用效果的研究

为加速半干旱地区荒山或偏远山区的绿化进程，解决飞播造林鸟鼠取食种子的难题，对研制的多效复合剂进行了应用效果的试验研究。试验结果表明，多效复合剂的３种主要成分其保水剂浓度小于５％，对油松种子发芽率没有影响；驱避剂以ＲＱ１．１％剂量效果最好，选食驱避率达９０％，迫食驱逐率可达７０％，减少种子损失率达３５％。苗木营养剂具有提高苗木生长量的作用，苗高和地径分别比对照提高１８．３％和４４．５％。     

飞播造林多效复合剂拌种试验

飞播造林多效复合剂拌种试验①郭利华（河南省林业勘察设计院）刘小锁程金磨（卢氏县林业局）影响飞播造林成效的一个主要原因就是鸟、鼠大量取食飞播种子。为解决这一问题，１９９５年６月我们在豫西伏牛山区进行了多效复合剂拌种试验，对其驱避鸟、鼠危害及影响飞播种子...     

飞播治沙中应用多效复合剂拌种成效调查

为探讨飞播造林治沙中应用多效复合剂的效果,５年来,综合飞播树种的生物学特性,进行了多效复合剂、ＡＢＴ生根粉拌种试验。结果表明,经多效复合剂处理,可降低播种量,节省踏郎种子１．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,节省种子费１５元／ｈｍ＾２;减少了飞行架次,提高每架次飞播面积,平均减少飞行费３．７５／ｈｍ＾２,从而大大降低飞播成本。同时,可有效地防止鸟兽危害,提高飞播成效。     

油松林用保水剂包衣种子飞播造林试验报告

油松林用保水剂包衣种子飞播造林试验结果表明：ＳＡ－１０５型林用保水剂不仅具有超高吸水能力和保水能力，而且可反复吸收释放水分有效保墒蓄水。在小超林场，６６７ｍ＾２内包衣种子出苗２１株，未包衣种子出苗９株，前者为后者的２．３４倍；在西李背村，１２０ｍ＾２内包衣种子出苗１２株，未包衣种了出苗８株，前者为后者的１．５倍。均有显著提高出苗率的效果。     

青海云杉种实害虫发生危害研究

青海云杉种实害虫的主要种类为云杉球果小卷蛾,主要发生于天然林及母树木,虫害株率高达100%.-般低海拔林分重于高海拔林分,老母树林重于新母树林,纯林、疏林重于混交林和郁闭林分,远离天然林的种子园没有种实害虫的发生.在同一坡面上,随坡位升高虫害减轻,平缓林分重于陡坡林分,不同坡向间差异不明显;干燥林分重于湿润林分.平均单果虫口密度3头左右时,虫害果较健康果相比,出种率下降2.5%,健饱种数下降18.3%,虫蛀种子率达16.2%,千粒重下降0.93g,发芽率降低28%.     

杉木种子园果实主要害虫发生为害及林间防治研究*

2013—2015年,对韶关市曲江区小坑林场和乐昌市龙山林场的杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata）种子园果实害虫进行了调查,初步查明,对杉木球果危害较大的害虫主要有杉木球果织蛾（Macrobathra flavidus）、杉木球果麦蛾（Dichomeris bimaculatus）、球果螟（Dirryctria sp.）、小绿叶蝉（Jacobiasca formosana）、乌毛盲蝽（Cheilocapsus sp.）,其中小绿叶蝉和乌毛盲蝽为首次危害杉木球果记录。球果受害率在3—10月呈递增趋势,龙山林场球果9月、10月受害率分别为38.6%和37.4%,小坑林场分别为32.1%和35.7%。5%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC、40%氯虫·噻虫嗪AS、22%噻虫·高氯氟SC、8 000 IU/mL苏云金杆菌SC、25%灭幼脲III号SC第2次药后15 d的防治效果均达到60%以上,均为防治杉木球果害虫的有效药剂,以氯虫苯甲酰胺94.9%的总体防效最好,建议在生产中交替使用这5种杀虫剂。     

杉木种子园病害及其综合防治

本文列举了福建省杉木种子园主要病害的症状和病原菌，并阐述了主要病害的发生发展规律。综合防治措施表明，加强抚育管理并结合９１７菌剂防治效果较好。     

福建省杉木种子园球果种子害虫调查及防治对策

１９９２—１９９３年对福建省７个良种基地进行杉木种子园种实害虫调查。结果表明，杉木球果麦蛾及杉木扁长蝽是危害杉木球果的主要害虫；平均变色、虫害果率分别为２７．７％、４６．７％。     

山杏幼林兔害防治措施及效果分析

通过对1～3年生山杏幼林采取3种不同措施,连续2 a的兔害防治试验,分析比较了这3种防治措施的效果及对山杏幼林的影响,结果表明:采用多效复合剂涂干防治效果最好,与其他2种措施差异显著,涂干高度以50 cm为宜。     

林下枯落物浸提液对香果树种子萌发及幼苗生长影响的化感效应

研究了香果树的落叶、树枝、果皮及竹叶等4种林下枯落物浸提液对香果树种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应。结果表明:香果树落叶、树枝及竹叶浸提液对香果树种子萌发具有不同程度抑制作用,并随浓度升高抑制作用增强。对香果树幼苗生长的化感效应,香果树落叶和果皮浸提液具有显著抑制作用,随浓度升高抑制作用增强;香果树树枝浸提液总体趋势具有“低促高抑”的双浓度效应;竹叶浸提液对香果树幼苗不同部位化感效应不同,具有“促茎抑叶”的化感效应。     

Timber quality after thinning from above and below in stands of Pinus sylvestris

Timber quality and logging damage after different thinning types in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands were studied in a field experiment in north Sweden. Thinning operations were mechanized and carried out according to normal Swedish practise. The treatments were thinning from below and thinning from above. The quality of the residual stand was evaluated using variables such as diameter of the thickest branch, stem taper, annual ring width, straightness and lean of trees. The only variables showing differences between treatments were lean of tree and stem straightness. No difference in the frequency of trees with logging damage was found. The conclusion of this study is that differences between thinning types in first thinning may be evened out when carried out as in commercial forestry due to extraction of strip road and damaged trees. Consequently, differences in timber quality and logging damage in the residual stand may be small.     

昆明地区白蜡虫自然种群天敌种类及其危害调查

调查了昆明地区白蜡虫天敌种类和优势种的危害状况。调查结果表明：白蜡虫天敌种类有17种,分属6科12属,其中白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂,中华花翅跳小蜂,白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂和黑缘红瓢虫为优势种。在人工放养条件下,4种优势种天敌的寄生率和危害率依次为11．0％,35．0％,13．6％和1．6％。发现白蜡虫天敌新记录种2种,即七星瓢虫和异色瓢虫。昆明二区采用了锦纶袋放虫可控制蜡象的扩散,使蜡象寄生率偏低,寄生率了最高仅为2％。     

不同种源蒙古栎种子表型性状与淀粉含量的变异分析

The study aims at compare and analyze the variation pattern of the phenotype characters and starch content of Quercus mongolica seed of different provenances. The length, width, length/width ratio, single kernel weight of Q. mongolica seeds from 16 natural distribution regions in China were measured and analyzed. The results showed that there were extremely significant differences among seeds from different region in seed characters. The length and width of seeds ranged from 14.76 mm to 21.08 mm and from 11.87 mm to 15.31 mm, respectively. The length/width ratio of seeds ranged from 1.21 to 1.49. The single kernel weight ranged from 0.60 g to 1.78 g and the contents of starch ranged from 4.42 g·kg^-1 to 5.48 g·kg^-1. The length of seeds has a extremely significant positive correlation with the width and weight of seed, and the width of seed had a significant positive correlation with the weight of seed. The seed width has a significant positive correlation with contents of starch. The width of seeds had a significant negative correlation with altitude, and had a positive correlation with July’s mean temperature. The weight of seed had a significant positive correlation with July's mean temperature too. The correlation of the other phenotypic character and starch content of Q. mongolica seed to geographical climate factors was not significant. According to the results of cluster analysis, sixteen Q. mongolica provenances could be divided into three groups with big fruit and high starch content, middle fruit and starch content, small fruit and low starch content, in which the provenances from Dailing of Heilongjiang Province, Benxi of Liaoning Province and Dayangshu of Inner Mongolia were the superior provenances.