3%噁霉灵·甲霜灵水剂防治黄瓜枯萎病

经田间药效试验表明,3%霉灵.甲霜灵(秀苗)水剂防治黄瓜枯萎病,第2次药后第7天500、600、700倍液的防效分别为69.88%、68.68%和61.09%;第3次药后第15天的防效分别为72.88%、71.56%和63.83%。500倍液的防效均高于25%甲霜灵可湿性粉剂500倍液,与96%霉灵粉剂800倍液处理的防效相当。该药500～700倍液对黄瓜安全。     

抗病灵防治棉花立枯病的药效试验

棉花立枯病主要在苗期为害,低温高湿,发生严重,导致缺苗,断垄,是影响棉花生产的重要障碍因素之一。为寻求防治立枯病的有效化学药剂,我们对抗病灵在室内的抑菌效果和室外防病效果进行了初步试验。试验药剂为抗病灵乳油（湖北省农业技术推广总站）、棉枯净粉剂（湖南...     

粘帚霉可湿性粉剂防治大豆菌核病试验

在黑龙江省农垦红兴隆分局五九七农场开展了2亿活孢子/g粘帚霉可湿性粉剂田间防治大豆菌核病的效果试验,结果表明:2亿活孢子/g粘帚霉孢子粉剂50g/667m2,在大豆开花期喷雾施用防治大豆菌核病效果显著,4个试验点的防效分别为71.7%、58%、66.1%和63.9%,超过或与25%咪鲜胺乳油和50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂的效果持平,其增产效果也比较明显,分别比对照增产47%、14.2%、11.7%和27.4%。     

50%吡蚜酮可湿性粉剂防治水稻稻飞虱药效试验

2009年9月在北流市新圩镇进行了50%吡蚜酮WP防治稻飞虱试验。结果表明:50%吡蚜酮WP对稻飞虱有良好的防治效果,测试的3种剂量防治稻飞虱药后2～14d的防效可达到83%～95%,速效性较好,持效期可维持在14d以上,对水稻安全,是一种较理想的防治水稻稻飞虱新药剂。     

百菌清80%可湿性粉剂防治黄瓜白粉病田问药效试验报告

百菌清80%可湿性粉剂对黄瓜白粉病的防治效果通过喷雾处理,在100g～115.2g-a.i/667m2 能有效地防治黄瓜白粉病,通过2次施药,防效达到75.43～79.56%,对黄瓜安全.     

60%吡·单可湿性粉剂防治稻飞虱的药效试验

试验结果表明:60%吡.单可湿性粉剂对稻飞虱高效,每667m240 g、80 g对水喷雾处理,药后1 d的防效分别为62.4%、66.7%,药后20 d防效分别为84.3%、89.7%.与对照药剂25%扑虱灵可湿性粉剂相当,持效期20 d以上.在生产上,60%吡·单可湿性粉剂防治稻飞虱,经济有效的剂量是每667 m240～80 g.     

稻谷中噁霉灵残留气相色谱检测方法研究

稻壳中残留的噁霉灵用丙酮溶液提取,浓缩至干用乙酸乙酯定容,用配有NP检测器的气相色谱测定。糙米残留的噁霉灵用丙酮溶液提取,浓缩,经乙酸乙酯萃取,用进配有NP检测器的气相色谱测定,DB-FFAP色谱柱;温度（℃）：进样口：230;柱温：200;检测器：230;气体流量（mL/min）：氮气：2;氢气：3.5;空气：50;尾吹：5。进样量：1μL;外标法定量,方法简单、准确,精密度和重现性良好,回收率范围为80.43～103.18%,变异系数2.27～4.05%,     

螺威4%粉剂防治水稻福寿螺药效田间药效试验

田间药效试验结果表明,螺威4%粉剂对水稻福寿螺有较好的防效。施药剂量为90~150g(a.i.)/ha,药后7d防效为89.30%~94.79%。在试验剂量范围内,试验药剂对水稻安全。     

30%氟菌唑可湿性粉剂防治黄瓜白粉病田间药效试验

进行田间试验以明确30%氟菌唑可湿性粉剂防治黄瓜白粉病的效果。结果表明,30%氟菌唑可湿性粉剂能够很好的控制黄瓜白粉病,防治效果明显高于对照,且对作物安全。     

20%腈菌唑·福美双可湿性粉剂防治黄瓜黑星病药效试验

本文报道了20%腈菌唑·福美双可湿性粉剂对黄瓜黑星病的田间防治效果和使用方法。结果表明:在黄瓜发病初期施药,可取得较好的防效,以每亩100～130g的用量对黄瓜黑星病的防效可达70.88%～80.5%。     

Decision making in controlling virus yellows of sugar beet in the UK

Virus yellows is an important disease affecting yield in sugar beet in the UK. Myzus persicae (Sulzer) is the most effective and efficient aphid vector of the three viruses causing the disease: beet yellows virus, beet mild yellowing virus and beet chlorosis virus. Control of virus yellows disease is thus focused on the study and control of this aphid species. UK national surveys of virus yellows began in 1946 and these data helped to formulate disease forecasting schemes to optimise control. Over the years, in addition to improvements in farm hygiene, periodic changes and developments in control of the disease have occurred. To accommodate these important developments, virus yellows forecasting schemes have evolved accordingly. The most recent version has been adapted to take account of the current widespread use of imidacloprid seed treatment. Its application offers potential to optimise the rational use of aphicides such as imidacloprid so as to benefit beet growers and the environment by reducing prophylactic use of seed treatment.     

25%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂防治油菜菌核病田间药效试验

为探讨戊唑醇对油菜主要病害的防治效果，通过小区试验，表明戊唑醇对油菜菌核病的防治效果明显好于常规药剂多菌灵。一般年份在开花盛期用药2次，可以控制油菜菌核病的流行。     

The effects of beet yellows virus on the growth and physiology of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)

The effect of beet yellows virus (genus Closterovirus , BYV) on sugar beet growth was studied in a series of field and glasshouse experiments. Infection reduced total plant weight by 20%, primarily through a 25% reduction in storage root growth. Sugar extraction efficiency was depressed by an increase in root impurities. BYV had little effect on above-ground yield or total crop cover but did decrease green cover significantly. Infection did not reduce water extraction depth in field experiments despite decreasing lateral root growth in the glasshouse. The growth reduction in infected plants resulted from both a decrease in net photosynthesis and an increase in the proportion of light intercepted by yellow leaves. Damage to the photosynthetic mechanism at least partly caused the reduction in net photosynthesis.     

25%双苯醇可湿性粉剂对花生主要病害防治效果研究

为探讨双苯醇对花生主要病害的防治效果，通过小区试验，表明双苯醇对花生主要病害的防治效果明显好于常规药剂多菌灵。一般年份用药2次，可以控制花生主要病害的流行，应用前景广阔。使用浓度掌握在600—800倍液。     

New insights into virus yellows distribution in Europe and effects of beet yellows virus,beet mild yellowing virus,and beet chlorosis virus on sugar beet yield following field inoculation

Beet yellows virus (BYV), beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV), beet chlorosis virus (BChV), and beet mosaic virus (BtMV) cause virus yellows (VY) disease in sugar beet. The main virus vector is the aphid Myzus persicae. Due to efficient vector control by neonicotinoid seed treatment over the last decades, there is no current knowledge regarding virus species distribution. Therefore, Europe-wide virus monitoring was carried out from 2017 to 2019, where neonicotinoids were banned in 2019. The monitoring showed that closterovirus BYV is currently widely spread in northern Europe. The poleroviruses BMYV and BChV were most frequently detected in the northern and western regions. The potyvirus BtMV was only sporadically detected. To study virus infestation and influence on yield, viruses were transmitted to sugar beet plants using viruliferous M. persicae in quadruplicate field plots with 10% inoculation density simulating natural infection. A plant-to-plant virus spread was observed within 4 weeks. A nearly complete infection of all plants was observed in all treatments at harvest. In accordance with these findings, a significant yield reduction was caused by BMYV and BChV (−23% and −24%) and only a moderate reduction in yield was observed for BYV (−10%). This study showed that inoculation at low densities mimics natural infection, and quick spreading induced representative yield effects. Within the background of a post-neonicotinoid era, this provides the basis to screen sugar beet genotypes for the selection of virus tolerance/resistance and to test the effectiveness of insecticides for the control of M. persicae with a manageable workload.     

Quantitative reproductive potential of Heterodera schachtii on weeds typical for late summer fallow in sugar beet rotations

In Europe, sugar beet is often produced in a 3‐year rotation with cereals, leaving stubble fields fallow from cereal harvest until primary tillage in autumn in the year prior to sugar beet production. The weed flora on such fields could include host plants of Heterodera schachtii that is one of the most important pests of sugar beet. Crop sequences with non‐hosts and cover cropping with resistant cruciferous hosts during this period have been crucial for its management. Availability of resistant and tolerant sugar beet cultivars could entice growers to forego cover cropping, exacerbating weed problems during the fallow period. The objective of this study was to determine the reproductive potential of H. schachtii on weeds that develop during this period. Under glasshouse conditions, reproduction on 39 plant species was compared with that on oilseed radish and sugar beet of differing nematode host status. In 2 years in field microplots, 18 previously tested species were grown in H. schachtii‐infested soil during the typical fallow period at 60 plants m^?2, and nine of these species were also grown at 180 plants m^?2. There were variable results between years after 8 weeks of growth, but most weeds allowed lower reproduction (<10%) than the susceptible sugar beet; only Stellaria media at 180 plants m^?2 and Thlaspi arvense at both plant densities increased nematodes. Such weed densities may seldom occur under commercial conditions; thus, weed management for nematological considerations during the stubble period may have limited importance.     

Automated identification of sugar beet diseases using smartphones

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) poses a high economic risk to sugar beet production due to its potential to greatly reduce yield and quality. For successful integrated management of CLS, rapid and accurate identification of the disease is essential. Diagnosis on the basis of typical visual symptoms is often compromised by the inability to differentiate CLS symptoms from similar symptoms caused by other foliar pathogens of varying significance, or from abiotic stress. An automated detection and classification of CLS and other leaf diseases, enabling a reliable basis for decisions in disease control, would be an alternative to visual as well as molecular and serological methods. This paper presents an algorithm based on a RGB‐image database captured with smartphone cameras for the identification of sugar beet leaf diseases. This tool combines image acquisition and segmentation on the smartphone and advanced image data processing on a server, based on texture features using colour, intensity and gradient values. The diseases are classified using a support vector machine with radial basis function kernel. The algorithm is suitable for binary‐class and multi‐class classification approaches, i.e. the separation between diseased and non‐diseased, and the differentiation among leaf diseases and non‐infected tissue. The classification accuracy for the differentiation of CLS, ramularia leaf spot, phoma leaf spot, beet rust and bacterial blight was 82%, better than that of sugar beet experts classifying diseases from images. However, the technology has not been tested by practitioners. This tool can be adapted to other crops and their diseases and may contribute to improved decision‐making in integrated disease control.     

国外甜菜孢囊线虫发生危害、生物学和控制技术研究进展

甜菜孢囊线虫(Heterodera schachtii Schmidt)是全世界重要检疫性有害生物,对甜菜具有毁灭性危害,该线虫已在全世界50多个国家或地区有分布,22个国家将其列为检疫对象。甜菜孢囊线虫寄主多达23科95属218种植物,可导致甜菜产量损失达25%~70%,甚至绝产,在欧洲每年造成的经济损失已超过9 000万欧元,严重威胁当地甜菜生产和制糖业。甜菜孢囊线虫是我国重要进境检疫性有害生物,因其对甜菜具有毁灭性危害,我国各级农业行政主管部门对甜菜孢囊线虫都高度重视,严防该线虫的暴发和危害,本文介绍国外甜菜孢囊线虫研究进展。     

Ovipositional preference and life history parameters of Lixus incanescens (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on selected sugar beet cultivars

Ovipositional preference and life history parameters of Lixus incanescens were studied on six sugar beet cultivars: Ardabili, Aras, Persia, Flores, Laetitia and Rosire. In both no-choice and free-choice tests, females of L. incanescens laid fewer eggs on Persia and Laetitia compared with Ardabili, Aras, Flores and Rosire. In performance experiments, the pre-imaginal stages developed slower and survived lower on Persia and Laetitia than on Ardabili, Aras and Flores. The intrinsic rate of natural increase and the population growth rate were lowest on Persia (r_m = 0.126 day^?1 and λ = 1.134 day^?1) among the tested cultivars. Petiole diameter and length were positively correlated with pre-imaginal survival rate (r² = 0.96 and r² = 0.98, respectively); therefore, thinner and shorter petioles in Persia and Laetitia led to an increased pre-imaginal mortality. These results suggest that Persia and Laetitia express promising traits that can be an integral component of sugar beet breeding for resistance to L. incanescens.     

Resistance against rhizomania disease via RNA silencing in sugar beet

Rhizomania is one of the most damaging and widely spread diseases in major sugar beet growing regions of the world. The causal agent, beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), is transmitted via the fungus Polymyxa betae, which retains it in the field for years. In this study, an RNA silencing mechanism was employed to induce resistance against rhizomania using intron‐hairpin RNA (ihpRNA) constructs. These constructs were based on sequences of the BNYVV 5′‐untranslated region of RNA‐2 or the flanking sequence encoding P21 coat protein, with different lengths and orientations. Both transient and stable transformation methods produced effective resistance against rhizomania correlated with the transgene presence. Among the constructs, those generating ihpRNA structures with small intronic loops produced the highest frequencies of resistant events. The inheritance of transgenes and resistance was confirmed over generations in stably transformed plants.