三系杂交棉中棉所83在江苏盐城示范种植表现

江苏省盐城市是我国棉花生产的优势区域,也是江苏省棉花生产的重点地区。20世纪末开始推广种植抗虫杂交棉品种,并迅速发展应用,到2010年抗虫杂交棉种植面积已达到植棉面积的95％以上。但是由于抗虫杂交棉品种在制种方面劳动强度大、成本高、纯度难保证,因此近几年杂交棉制种规模逐步缩小,制种产量逐年下降,种子价格不断上升,已严重影响抗虫杂交棉品种的推广和应用。     

棉花品种生长品质的界定探讨

目前我国种子质量标准只包括种子的纯度、净度、水分、发芽率4项指标,棉花种子种植出苗后种子质量仅有纯度一项指标来约束,棉花品种纯度即典型一致性;由于棉花品种品质内容不清,质量指标单一,育成、繁殖、推广种植的棉花品种存在质量隐患,影响了我国棉花生产用种安全与棉花生产的可持续发展。     

棉花种子发芽试验技术要点

棉花是关系国计民生的战略物资,涉及农业和纺织工业两大产业。棉花在河南省的种植面积近年来稳中有升,每年棉花产量均在37万t以上。同时,随着棉花种植精准技术的发展与推广,对棉花种子质量要求越来越高,而发芽率是种子质量的重要指标之一,因此做好棉花种子的发芽试验具有重要意义。     

中棉所88在新疆阿拉尔地区的种植表现及栽培技术

为满足阿拉尔地区棉花生产供给侧结构性改革需求,将中国农业科学院棉花研究所选育的高产优质棉花品种中棉所88在阿拉尔地区进行了示范种植,总结了该品种种植表现、配套标准化栽培技术,为在南疆推广奠定基础。     

我国棉花推广品种现状及对策

我国生产上大面积种植的棉花品种的单产水平居产棉大国前列，品质中等，抗性较差。应从抓好种子管理和侧重选育着手，提高推广品种的生产水平。     

合理选用品种 促进一优双高

合理选用品种进一优双高霍晓妮，张福平河南省种子管理总站４５０００２随着麦棉两熟种植面积的进一步扩大，为适应市场经济和“一优双高”农业发展的要求，科学地鉴定、合理地选用棉花品种，做到良种良法配套推广，是促进棉花优质、高产的关键技术措施，也是在棉区开展“...     

冀中南杂交棉基质穴盘育苗移栽技术

近年来,抗虫杂交棉品种以其高产优质、抗逆性强等优势,在冀中南以地膜直播形式得以推广。但受种子售价高等因素限制,北方棉区仍未大面积种植。抗虫杂交棉品种在冀中南棉花育苗移栽示范应用中，     

中棉所35棉种混杂退化的原因及对策

棉花是阿克苏地区的支柱产业 ,年种植面积都在 2 5万公顷 ,需种子 2万吨以上。但阿克苏由于没有自育的主栽品种 ,以种植引进品种为主 ,其中以中棉所 35为首选 ,该品种 1 998年进入本区 ,由于其抗病性、丰产性好 ,受到棉农欢迎 ,种植面积逐年增加 ,到 2 0 0 3年种植面积达到 390 0公顷 ,累计推广面积达到 1 8840公顷 ,成为本区名符其实的主栽品种 ,为棉花生产发展起到了积极的作用。但随着中棉所 35的长期种植和良繁工作不尽人意等问题 ,中棉所 35混杂退化日趋严重 ,引起了业内人士高度重视。1混杂退化的原因1 .1企业未按种子生产规程操作。…     

新疆吐鲁番棉花种子质量存在的问题及对策

棉花是吐鲁番地区重要的经济作物之一。随着近两年棉花市场的持续景气,当地农民种植棉花积极性大大提高,对棉花种子高产、优质的要求也不断提高。与此同时出现了一些问题：由于本地区棉花新品种选育工作滞后,本地老品种无法满足农民对高产、优质、抗旱、抗虫、耐高温等特性的需求;伴随种子经营的放开,新疆自治区内外大量品种进入本地区,种子管理部门监管不到位,棉花种子市场呈现出“多、乱、杂”的局面;本地棉花种子企业过于追求当前的利润最大化而忽视种子质量。     

发挥棉花品种标准作用的探讨

发挥棉花品种标准作用的探讨张存信天津市种子管理站３０００６１随着我国社会主义市场经济的建立，棉花种子向专业化、商品化、社会化、标准化发展。其品种标准是种子标准的重要组成部分，是鉴别品种真伪的技术依据，具有良种良法配套的实用性。１棉花品种标准主要内容１...     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.