Scientific background to the global eradication of rinderpest

The global eradication of rinderpest was declared in 2011. This is the second infectious disease to have been eradicated from the world after smallpox, for which eradication was declared in 1980. From a scientific aspect, smallpox eradication was achieved by improvements in the Jenner vaccine, originally developed in the 18th century. Developments in vaccine technology and virological techniques during the 20th century have contributed to the eradication of rinderpest. The scientific background to rinderpest eradication is briefly reviewed vis-à-vis that of smallpox eradication.     

Current problems and future developments in disease eradication schemes

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The Ministry of Agriculture's main efforts in disease eradication have been concentrated on the Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Eradication Schemes, and it is unlikely that any other major scheme will be introduced in the near future.     

Tuberculosis in deer: perceptions, problems and progress

Since the emergence of deer farming as an alternative farming enterprise over the past 30 years, there has been an increasing awareness of the potential threat posed by tuberculosis (TB) to domesticated deer. TB, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, has been found in deer in every country involved with deer farming. Different types of TB control policies, which vary from whole-herd depopulation to selective testing and slaughter of reactor animals, have been implemented. Extensive research has been carried out, incorporating modern microbiological and immunological concepts and advanced molecular methodologies, to find new solutions for the eradication of TB from domesticated deer. This work has resulted in valuable new insights into the aetiology, transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and heritability of resistance to M. bovis infection in ruminants. This knowledge has complemented the existing literature database on bovine and human TB and will provide new strategies for improved diagnosis, vaccination and selective breeding to control TB, which should be relevant for human, domestic livestock and wildlife populations.     

草皮生产及储运过程中的热点问题及研究进展

综述了目前草皮卷生产及储运中的热点问题,即传统方式生产草皮卷对耕地的破坏、草皮卷储运后再生活力下降的问题;提出了草皮卷生产过程中的加强栽培管理以及植物生长调节剂的施用,可以有效的阻止草皮卷移栽后再生活力下降的问题;阐述了无土草毯和植生带代替传统有土草皮卷的广阔应用前景.     

气候变化对陆地生态系统影响评估模型的研究进展

综述了气候变化对森林生态系统、草原生态系统、农田生态系统及湿地生态系统和物种组成及分布的影响。从目前的研究现状,总结了气候变化对陆地生态系统（或物种）影响评估模型中存在很大的不确定性和许多亟待解决的问题。表明这些研究有助于进一步完善全球气候变化下对生态系统（或物种）保护、监测等,为我国生态环境系统的管理及相关政策的制定提供参考。     

The brucellosis eradication scheme

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The first phase of the Brucellosis Eradication Scheme was completed on 31 August 1977 with virtually all eligible cattle coming under test. This edition of the Veterinary Journal is given over to a series of papers describing the development, organisation and implementation of the scheme.     

BVD approach: vaccination and eradication

The vulnerability of cattle populations that do not have adequate levels of antibodies against the bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) virus was demonstrated in February 1999, when a contaminated vaccine against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) was accidentally used. Only cattle with antibodies against BVD survived this unintentional challenge. A BVD infection can be detected easily with currently available laboratory techniques, but the virus is less easy to eliminate. The risk of financial loss is small, and the costs are limited, if mainly seronegative cattle, selected on the basis of sampling, are given the live vaccine. Over the last 7 years this approach has been applied to about twenty dairy farms. This approach would be compatible with a BVD eradication programme.     

Budgerigars and poliomyelitis

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Statements in British newspapers incriminating budgerigars as vectors in the dissemination of poliomyelitis virus have caused much concern among bird-lovers. Available evidence suggests that, while these fears may not be entirely unfounded, they seem to have been somewhat exaggerated.     

生物制品实施GMP的进展与问题

本期GMP信箱栏目将刊登“兽药GMP高级：培训班及设备供求见面会”上陈永僩?A、蔡尔问两位专家的发言稿，同期刊登此次培训考试题及答案，并就会上各企业关心的GMP方面的问题特别邀请中国动物保健品协会蔡尔问秘书长做了解答，为企业进行GMP改造提供指导。另外，从本期开始，我刊将陆续登出此次会议所有与会专家的发言稿，敬请关注。