不同营养水平条件下肉牛饲养试验

在三种不同营养水平条件下对安格斯、海福特和海×安杂种牛经 60天的育肥饲养表明 ,高能组、高能补氮组和对照组日增重分别为 12 77 83g、981 5g和 685 17g ,高能组优于其余两组 ;在相同营养水平下 ,不同牛品种间 ,安格斯、海福特和海×安杂种牛日增重分别为 14 16 67g、888 89g和 63 8 89g。肉牛采食量以干物质计 ,对照组增重每千克进食日粮量为11 63kg ,高能组为 7 3 3kg ,高能补氮组为 9 5 3kg。不同营养水平组的饲养效益 ,以高能组为最好 ,每千克增重费用为 5 2 8元 ;其次是对照组 ,每千克增重费用为 5 40元 ;高能补氮组每千克增重费用为 6 97元。不同牛品种间 ,安格斯牛效果最好 ,每千克增重费用仅 3 65元 ,海福特牛次之 ,每千克增重费用为 6 2 2元 ,海×安杂种牛每千克增重费用为 7 71元     

杂交牛的放牧补饲育肥及屠宰效果研究

选取14~17月龄湘西黄牛、西杂F1(西门塔尔牛×湘西黄牛)和安杂F1(安格斯牛×湘西黄牛)各6头,于南方放牧条件下补饲精料,进行90d的育肥试验。结果表明:杂交牛的增重水平和育肥效益明显优于湘西黄牛,其中西本杂交牛和安本杂交牛的日增重分别为0.71kg、0.63kg,比湘西黄牛分别提高44.90%(P<0.01)、28.57%(P<0.01);屠宰率以西本杂交牛最高(55.60%),净肉率以安本杂交牛较高(44.32%);肉质分析以西本杂交牛的脂肪含量极显著高于湘西黄牛(P<0.01);杂交牛放牧补饲育肥效益明显。     

贵州不同杂交肉牛生产性能比较研究

试验选取18 ～20月龄,体重280±15.8 kg的西本杂（西门塔尔牛×本地牛）、安本杂（安格斯牛×本地牛）和利本杂（利木赞牛×本地牛）各20头,以青贮玉米和白酒糟为基础粗料,经过6个月的集中肥育,研究杂种肉牛肥育效果与品种的关系,进而分析各项屠宰指标.结果表明：（1）西杂牛的平均日增重最高,饲料报酬最低;利杂牛的日增重最低,饲料报酬最高;（2）西杂牛、安杂牛比利杂牛极显著提高了宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率和高档肉重（P＜0.01）,显著提高了净肉率和骨肉比值（P＜0.05）;（3）3组试验牛的大理石纹等级和背膘厚度差异不显著（P＞0.05）.     

三元杂交牛12和18月龄肉用性能研究

选择健康无病、发育正常、膘情中等的夏洛来×西门塔尔×本地牛(夏西本)、皮埃蒙特×西门塔尔×本地牛(皮西本)、利木赞×西门塔尔×本地牛(利西本)、西门塔尔×西门塔尔×本地牛(西杂二代)各10头,从6月龄开始育肥,测定其增重、饲料消耗及其12和18月龄的屠宰成绩。结果表明:平均日增重以皮西本、利西本较高,分别为0.96kg、0.90kg,并与西杂二代差异显著(P<0.05);饲料消耗以皮西本较少,每kg增重消耗精、粗饲料分别为4.03kg和5.98kg。以皮西本和利西本2个杂交组合的屠宰成绩较好,18月龄屠宰率分别为61.50%、61.17%,净肉率分别为52.59%、49.21%。各组试验牛的高档肉块比例随着年龄的增长相应增加。     

全株玉米与甘蔗梢青贮饲喂文山牛及其杂交后代效果试验

选择14～17月龄文山牛7头和西本杂牛14头,将文山牛设为组Ⅰ,西本杂牛随机分为2组,每组7头,设为组Ⅱ和组Ⅲ;饲养管理相同,3组牛的精料喂量均为3.5 kg/d,文山牛组Ⅰ和西本杂牛组Ⅱ饲喂全株玉米青贮,西本杂牛组Ⅲ饲喂甘蔗梢青贮,粗饲料自由采食;试验期90 d,以期研究全株玉米和甘蔗梢2种青贮饲喂文山牛及其杂交后代(西门塔尔×文山牛)的育肥效果。试验结果显示:3组牛均获得1 000 g以上的平均日增重,增重效果好;其中饲喂全株玉米青贮的西本杂牛组Ⅱ的增重和经济效益极显著,饲喂全株玉米青贮的文山牛组Ⅰ增重和经济效益显著高于饲喂甘蔗梢青贮的西本杂牛组Ⅲ,说明粗饲料和牛品种均是影响养殖效益的重要因素,宜采用全株玉米青贮养牛,尤其是全株玉米青贮养殖杂交后代可获得更高的经济效益。     

湘西黄牛杂交改良效果试验

为探讨湘西黄牛杂交改良效果,对湘西黄牛、西本杂、安本杂牛的初生重及育肥日增重进行了对比试验,结果表明:湘西黄牛、西本杂交牛、安本杂交平均初生重分别为15.41kg、23.81kg、20.04kg。杂交牛的初生重优于本地黄牛,差异为极显著(P<0.01),西本杂牛平均初生重优于安本杂牛,差异显著(P<0.05)。湘西黄牛、西本杂、安本杂牛平均日增重分别为420.2g、622.5g、605.9g。杂交牛的日增重优于本地黄牛,差异为极显著(P<0.01),西本杂交牛与安本杂交牛的平均日重差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

盘江黄牛及西本杂牛育肥增重速度研究

对贵州盘江黄牛及其杂交牛制定高低不同的精料日给量,在粗料不限量的情况下,进行育肥试验。结果表明:在玉米青贮和玉米芯为粗料条件下,15月龄西本杂公牛日增重可达1450g;成年盘江黄牛日增重可达1250g;2岁盘江黄公牛日增重可达880g。试验还表明:不同品种、不同年龄、不同性别牛增重能力不一样;母牛的日增重不仅比公牛低,而且每千克增重成本高于公牛;盘江黄牛增重速度虽不如西本杂牛,但同样能获得较高的日增重,而且每千克增重成本与西本杂牛相比并无明显差别。     

弗西本三元杂交牛产肉性能研究

为了探索和研究弗西本三元杂交牛在贵州遵义的生长和产肉性能,随机选择8～9月龄发育正常,体质健壮无病,体重相近,膘情中等以上的弗莱维赫牛与西本牛（西门塔尔牛♂×本地黄牛♀）三元杂交一代F1（弗×西本）公牛和西本（西门塔尔牛♂×本地黄牛♀）二元杂交一代F1公牛各6头,在相同饲养管理条件下,进行108 d的育肥试验,并对其增重、生长发育、产肉性能及饲料消耗情况进行分析研究.结果表明：弗西本三元杂交牛的育肥期末重、日增重、屠宰率、净肉率、肉骨比、眼肌面积分别为325.67 kg、1 129.63 g、55.87％、46.18％、5.19、76.9 cm2,分别比西本二元杂交公牛提高了59.90％、35.06％、3.77％、7.94％、20.98％、55.04％.表明,以弗莱维赫牛为终端父本,以西本牛（西门塔尔牛♂×本地黄牛♀）为母本,所生产的弗西本三元杂交牛的产肉性能要优于西本二元杂交牛.     

关岭牛及其杂交牛育肥效果比较

为研究适合贵州肉牛产业发展的杂交模式,本研究以关岭牛为对照组,西本杂、利西本、安西本为试验组进行了育肥对比试验。试验结果表明:利西本的增重最高,依次为安西本、西本杂、关岭牛。利西本和安西本2种三元杂交牛的增重差异不显著(P0.05),但都显著高于西本杂(P0.05),极显著高于关岭牛(P0.01);西本杂则显著高于关岭牛(P0.05)。利西本和安西本2组三元杂交牛的胴体重、净肉重、眼肌面积显著高于西本杂二元杂交牛(P0.05),极显著高于关岭牛(P0.01),但屠宰率、净肉率以及肉骨比数值略高于西本杂二元杂交牛和关岭牛,差异均不显著(P0.05)。     

贵州不同杂交肉牛生产性能的研究

为了探讨西门塔尔牛、安格斯牛、利木赞牛改良本地黄牛的效果,选取18～20月龄,体重280±15.8 kg的西本杂、安本杂及利本杂F1代公牛各20头,按品种分为3组;以青贮玉米和白酒糟为基础粗料,经过6个月的集中肥育,研究杂交肉牛肥育效果与品种的关系,进而分析各项屠宰指标.结果表明：西本杂的平均日增重和料肉比最高,利本杂的日增重和料肉比最低;西本杂、安本杂的宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率和高档肉重与利本杂相比,差异极显著（P＜0.01）,净肉率和骨肉比值差异显著（P＜0.05）;3组试验牛的大理石纹等级和背膘厚度差异不显著（P＞0.05）.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.