高等农业院校《兽医产科学》课程教学改革与创新研究

兽医产科学是高等农业院校兽医学教学中一门基础分支学科,主要研究动物的生理生殖、生殖疾病及繁殖技术。随着兽医学科的不断进步和国家畜牧产业发展和结构调整,向行业输送应用型、创新型、技能型兽医人才已成为农业院校人才培养的主要目标。对目前兽医产科学教学现状及存在问题进行了分析,探索了教学内容、教学方法、教学实践等方面的改革与创新研究,以期为提高我国高等农业院校兽医人才培养提供参考。     

Behavioral medicine opportunities in North American colleges of veterinary medicine: A status report

In 1999, 8 of 27 (29.6%) US veterinary schools had a full-time behaviorist. A survey was conducted in the summer of 2007 to obtain information about the availability of behavioral medicine educational opportunities in colleges of veterinary medicine in North America. Twelve of 32 (37.5%) veterinary colleges have a veterinary behaviorist on staff, and 9 (28.13%) support residency programs. Fourteen (43.75%) have a normal animal behavior course, 12 (37.5%) an abnormal/clinical behavior course. Nine universities (28.13%) have a combined normal/abnormal animal behavior course in lieu of separate normal and abnormal behavior courses. Seven have officially recognized student chapters of the American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior. Four have no behavioral medicine presence in the form of faculty, behavior courses, interested staff, or a student club. Inclusion of behavioral medicine into the curricula of North American colleges of veterinary medicine has been slow in the 14 years since the recognition of the specialty by the AVMA's American Board of Veterinary Specialties. Each year, behavior problems account for a large number of deaths, by euthanasia, of otherwise healthy pets. Increasing opportunities in behavioral medicine at the university level would have a considerable trickle-down effect by affecting the perception by owners and the comfort level of practitioners in identifying, managing and treating behavior problems in pets.     

新形势下动物传染病教学的改革探讨

动物传染病学作为动物医学专业的主干课程,是动物医学专业毕业生与社会需求对接的重要环节。根据新形势下动物传染病流行和防控特点的变化,探讨高校动物医学专业该门课程教学改革的方向和措施,以达到激发学生学习兴趣,提高教学效果,增强学生的专业理论和实践技能的目的,培养出符合行业需求的兽医人才。     

高职院校兽药类专业实训基地运行模式研究

实训基地建设是高等职业教育健康、快速发展的关键环节,拥有功能强大、设施齐全、服务于人才培养全过程、具有真实企业化育人环境的实训基地,是衡量新时期高职院校办学条件的重要依据之一。从江苏农牧科技职业学院兽药类专业实训基地的运行情况入手,分析了高职院校兽药类专业实训基地建设的具体措施,并从基地管理和运行机制以及基地建设要点等角度提出高职院校兽药类专业实训基地运行的方案,旨在为高职院校兽药类专业实训基地建设提供可借鉴的经验。     

高职《动物繁殖学》课程教学改革初探

《动物繁殖学》是高职畜牧兽医类专业重要的专业基础课,有很强的实践性和应用性。为适应目前对高职学生培养的要求,结合学生特点从教学内容、教学手段和方法、实践教学、实践基地建设及课程考核体系几个方面进行改革,对提高该课程的授课效果及学生的实践动手能力和综合素质效果显著。     

兽医临床实例训练课程教学与考核模式的探索

兽医临床实例训练是安徽农业大学动物医学专业近几年新开设的一门实践课程。该课程以学校动物医院为实践平台,以提高学生的动手操作技能,增强临床实践能力,培养学生的临床思维能力和初步职业素质为目标,通过在教学过程中不断地实践和完善,探索出一套合理的、先进的教学与考核模式。该模式取得了明显的教学效果,为兽医临床实践教学改革提供了新思维和新方法。     

动物医学专业实践教学模式改革探讨

动物医学专业是实践性较强的学科,提高学生实践能力对促进大学生就业和培养应用型兽医人才具有重要意义。客观分析了动物医学专业实践教学存在的问题,并探讨了动物医学专业实践教学模式的改革措施,以期为高校的动物医学专业实践教学改革提供借鉴。     

畜牧兽医专业高职高专蒙古文教材开发研究

畜牧兽医专业高职高专蒙古文教材的开发研究,填补了内蒙古自治区乃至全国高校层次畜牧兽医专业没有成套蒙古文教材的空白,对民族畜牧业职业教育的发展具有重大的应用价值和深远的学术意义。阐述了畜牧兽医专业高职高专蒙古文教材开发研究的必要性,并介绍了畜牧兽医专业高职高专成套蒙古文教材的种类及教材开发的方法及步骤。     

《兽医内科学》课堂教学供给侧改革的探索与实施

兽医内科学是动物医学专业理论性、实践性很强的一门核心课程,要求学生具备分析、解决临床实践问题的综合能力。课堂教学是课程实施的前沿阵地,而课堂教学与临床实践之间的专业脱节,是影响兽医内科学培养目标达成的突出问题。文章从农林教育专业和课程供给侧改革视域下,从教学大纲、教学资源、教学方法及教学评价等四个方面对兽医内科学课堂教学进行优化,以增强兽医内科学课堂教学对专业实践能力培养的供给侧支撑力度,保障动物医学人才培养目标的有效达成。     

Behavior and misbehavior of the horse.

For decades after the discipline of psychiatry had been established as an accepted specialty, many medical schools continued to fail to train their students in the fundamentals of this discipline. Medical students all have at least cursory exposure to psychiatric principles and basic psychology. Unfortunately, the veterinary profession has lagged behind human medicine in this regard. Until recently, veterinary students received no training in animal behavior, and there were no available residencies within our schools for developing board-certified behavioral specialists.     

Future directions in reptile medical education

Reptile medicine has emerged as a specialty area within the broader field of zoological medicine. It encompasses the medical needs of approximately 7,500 vertebrate species. This vertebrate class is highly diversified, having biological and medical peculiarities that differ both between and within major groups. Historically, veterinarians who have become recognized specialists with reptiles have had limited formal training in their medical management. The pet reptile trade is a multi-million-dollar business, and the popularity of reptiles as pets has resulted in a need for more veterinarians with training in their medical management. While few private practices have high volumes of reptile cases, many small-animal practices will have the opportunity to see a significant number of reptiles on an annual basis. Most practitioners with reptile medical expertise have merged their experiences as reptile pet owners with the principles of veterinary medicine taught in veterinary college. Several North American veterinary colleges have reptile medicine courses, and most have didactic and clinical courses in exotic and zoo animal medicine that include lectures and practical experience. Most accredited zoological medicine residency training programs include training in reptile medicine. The case load and interest in reptile medicine will probably never be sufficient to lead the average veterinary college to develop much more than what is currently offered. Consequently, those few colleges having more extensive course offerings, both didactic and clinical, will serve as educational centers for this discipline. Future Web-based teaching programs in reptile medicine will allow students nationally and internationally to have access to instructional material that can be continually updated.     

新形势下畜牧兽医专业应用型人才培养模式初探

高职院校畜牧兽医专业是以培养从事畜牧兽医生产、服务及管理等工作第一线的高级应用型人才为目的。随着现代畜牧业的快速发展,用人单位对畜牧兽医专业毕业生综合实践能力提出了更高的要求。从如何提高教师素质、优化课程体系、完善实践教学环节、改进教学内容、建设专业特色教学资源库以及人才培养考核评价体系等方面探讨了新形势下畜牧兽医专业应用型人才的培养模式。     

Emergency medicine clerkship: a joining of private-practice referral veterinary medicine with an academic institution

Novel approaches to the clinical training of veterinary students in many disciplines are being sought by veterinary colleges. In 2004, the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine approached the Small Animal Department and Florida Veterinary Specialists (FVS) in Tampa with a proposal to jointly design and run an elective clerkship in emergency medicine. The program would focus on providing increased emergency case exposure in a real-world environment to interested third- and fourth-year veterinary students. The purpose would be to better prepare these students for emergent cases while increasing their overall level of clinical confidence. This article reviews in detail the clerkship structure, its objectives, and the logistics of training and support at FVS. In this instance, the academic-private institution partnership has been successful in providing effective learning for veterinary students over the last three years. This clerkship structure may serve as a template for other institutions exploring alternatives to the traditional clinical training of veterinary students.     

Internationalizing veterinary education in the 21st century

This paper presents the results of a survey conducted in the spring of 2001 to assess international activities at colleges of veterinary medicine in North America. A questionnaire was sent to all 31 colleges of veterinary medicine in the United States and Canada, of which 22 responded. Of those schools responding to the survey, 86% have International Veterinary Medicine (IVM) programs and most have faculty involved in internationally oriented research (95%), in teaching IVM (74%), in mentoring veterinary students in IVM (84%), and in international consultancies (84%). Funding sources for faculty international activities include foundations, intramural funds, curriculum development grants, endowment/development funds, and sabbaticals. Foreign animal diseases are the most commonly taught international topic. The increasing importance of international veterinary issues is leading to the internationalization of the veterinary education in North America. Most IVM programs include activities of both faculty and students. Greater collaboration between faculty and programs across schools would allow schools to benefit from each other's strengths in IVM education.     

动物医学机能学实验室信息化建设与教学改革实践

动物医学是一门实践性很强的专业,机能学实验在动物医学专业课程学习中起着举足轻重的作用。介绍了黑龙江八一农垦大学动物医学机能学实验信息化建设与教学改革实践的具体情况和效果,以期为我国动物医学专业人才的培养提供参考和建议。     

动物医学专业复合应用型人才培养过程中实践教学的改革与应用

为了满足不同用人单位对动物医学专业技术人才实践能力的需求,高等农业院校应通过多种途径提高动物医学人才培养的质量,不断提高学生实践技能,为社会输送合格人才。内蒙古农业大学兽医学院在动物医学专业实践教学体系建设、实验条件建设、校内外实习基地建设,以及实践教学方法等方面进行了全面的改革与实践,建立了一套适用于动物医学专业的复合应用型专业人才培养模式,提高了学生的实践动手能力和创新能力,取得了较好的教学效果。     

Survey of academic veterinarians' clinical practice in cardiopulmonary–cerebral resuscitation

Objective: To document the clinical practice of cardiopulmonary–cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) among academic veterinarians. Design: Survey. Setting: Eight colleges of veterinary medicine in the United States. Subjects: Two hundred and one academic veterinarians. Interventions: The survey was distributed by hand by the authors into the mailboxes of small animal faculty, residents, and interns. Demographic variables, questions regarding number of cardiopulmonary arrests (CPA) supervised and number successful, do not attempt resuscitation discussions, and Likert‐style questions about client presence during CPCR, appropriateness of CPCR, and CPCR decision‐making were included. Multiple linear regression models were constructed to determine the effect of multiple questions on different target variables of interest. Measurements and main results: Numerous differences were noted based on institution, gender, specialty, and position. Most institutions did not have a standard resuscitation consent form. Most respondents believed the client, house officer, and senior clinician should determine whether to perform resuscitation or not. Quality of life was the most significant determinant of whether to resuscitate or not, followed by long‐term prognosis, then short‐term prognosis. Conclusions: Veterinarians differ in many aspects of their approach to CPA and resuscitation. Creating consensus within the veterinary profession would benefit client service and patient care.     

动物医学专业学生研究性学习与创新精神的培养

以黑龙江八一农垦大学大学生研究性学习和创新性实验项目为平台,通过对实践教学与毕业实习的改革,引导动物医学本科生进行研究性学习,培养其创新精神,提高学生的实践能力,为提高动物医学专业学生的主动学习和创新精神提供新的途径,同时为动物医学实践教学的改进奠定基础。     

Strategies for educational action to meet veterinary medicine's role in biodefense and public health

It is clear that the profession is not well prepared to respond to society's needs in bio-defense and public health. The imperatives that face the veterinary profession, as emphasized by the agenda for action conference deliberations that are reported in this issue of the journal, require action on many fronts, but possibly none more essential than to address how veterinary education needs to change to meet these challenges. Addressing these needs, participants at the agenda for action conference met in groups of 30 to 50 to shape approaches that would address these key questions. The 161 participants were broadly representative of government, private practice, corporate practice, organized veterinary medicine, and academia (Appendix A). Reported here are the results of those deliberations, with each of the seven sections written up by the discussion leader. Included in the participants were 20 students, representative of eight different veterinary colleges, who both participated in the group discussions and have presented their own report.