不同灌溉方式对辣椒生长、产量和水分生产效率的影响

以农大602辣椒为试材,利用张力计控制辣椒灌溉时期与灌溉量,分别研究膜下滴灌、膜上沟灌和膜下沟灌3种灌溉方式对日光温室辣椒生长及产量的影响.结果表明:膜下滴灌全生育期耗水量最少,辣椒产量和水分生产效率最高,水分生产效率较膜上沟灌、膜下沟灌分别提高2.04 kg·m-3和1.81kg·m-3.综合耗水量、产量等因素,膜下滴灌是秋冬茬日光温室辣椒生产适宜的灌溉方式.     

三种灌溉方式对辣椒生长、产量和水分生产效率的影响

以黔椒4号辣椒为试材,利用张力计控制辣椒灌溉时期与灌溉量,分别研究膜下滴灌、穴灌和漫灌3种灌溉方式对塑料大棚辣椒生长、产量和水分生产效率的影响。结果表明,膜下滴灌全生育期耗水量最少,辣椒产量和水分生产效率最高,水分生产效率较穴灌、漫灌分别提高1.96 kg/m3和5.82 kg/m3。综合耗水量、产量等因素,膜下滴灌是大棚辣椒生产适宜的灌溉方式。     

吐鲁番市日光温室蔬菜不同种植模式水分利用效率调查

为明确吐鲁番市设施蔬菜水分高效利用的合理灌溉方式，调查了沟灌和滴灌对吐鲁番市日光温室早春茬哈密瓜、黄瓜、辣椒和番茄产量、效益和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：在吐鲁番市，滴灌哈密瓜每667 m² 产量比沟灌高100 kg，每667 m²纯收入多1 017.6 元；滴灌黄瓜、辣椒和番茄每667 m²产量和经济效益均稍低于沟灌；但滴灌哈密瓜、黄瓜、辣椒和番茄的水分利用效率和水分经济利用效率比沟灌高1～3 倍。综合考虑，滴灌是吐鲁番市日光温室蔬菜生产中应重点推广的灌溉方式。     

不同灌溉方式对大棚黄瓜生长和产量的影响

为了探索京郊春大棚黄瓜适宜的灌溉方式,以黄瓜"中农16"为试材,研究了不同灌溉方式对其生长、产量和水分生产效率的影响。结果表明:膜下沟灌处理黄瓜产量最高为90443kg/hm2,与传统灌溉相比,增产8.6%,水分生产效率提高5.11kg/m3,处理间达到了显著性差异;其次是膜上沟灌处理,与传统沟灌相比,增产7.5%,水分生产效率提高6.23kg/m3,处理间达到了显著性差异。灌水带处理与传统灌溉相比,虽然产量有所增加,但是处理间没有达到显著性差异。综合产量和水分生产效率等指标,在本试验条件下,膜下沟灌和膜上沟灌能够获得较高的产量,是春大棚黄瓜适宜的灌溉方式。     

灌溉方式对春大棚黄瓜产量、经济效益和灌溉水分生产效率的影响

以"北农佳秀"黄瓜为试材,研究了不同灌溉方式对其生长、产量、经济效益和水分生产效率的影响,以期明确不同灌溉方式节水增产效果。结果表明:膜下微喷和膜下滴灌均能促进黄瓜生长,提高产量、灌溉水分生产效率、品质和经济效益。与CK(覆膜沟灌,农户常规灌溉量)相比,D1(膜下滴灌,70%常规灌溉量)、D(膜下滴灌,85%常规灌溉量)、M1(膜下微喷,70%常规灌溉量)和M(膜下微喷,85%常规灌溉量)产量分别提高34.5%、33.4%、29.1%和21.4%,处理差异显著。经济效益分别增加3.53万、3.31万、3.27万、2.20万元/hm2。在该试验条件下,综合产量、水分生产效率和经济效益等指标,建议条件较好的农业园区采用滴灌技术,生产条件相对较差的地区采用膜下微喷技术。     

日光温室黄瓜节水灌溉模式的比较研究

通过试验分析,说明膜下沟滴灌、膜下滴灌、膜下渗灌、膜下沟灌等4种灌溉模式对日光温室黄瓜的单株耗水量、耗水系数、单瓜耗水量、用水效率有显著性差异的影响,而对黄瓜的单株产量、节间长、叶的宽度、叶的长度的影响没有显著性差异。在黄瓜单株产量、节间长、叶的宽度、叶的长度没有显著性差异的情况下,以膜下渗灌模式最为节水,即单株产量最高,为7.452 kg/株,单株耗水量最少为58.345 kg/株,耗水系数最低为7.681 dm3/kg,用水效率最高为130.2 g/dm3,单瓜耗水量最低为1.25 dm3/单瓜。黄瓜的单株月产量在1年的不同月份之间有着极显著性差异,其中以7月份单株月产量最高为1.6～1.8 kg/株。     

日光温室番茄畦上覆膜沟灌增产和节水效果分析

以番茄品种东圣1号为试材,以传统沟灌为对照,研究了畦上覆膜沟灌(膜上沟灌和膜下沟灌)对番茄生长、产量及水分生产效率的影响。结果表明:在灌水量减少的情况下,膜上沟灌保持根区0～40cm土层墒情的能力高于其他灌溉方式;膜下沟灌更有利于番茄的生长发育,植株长势较好,并且较传统沟灌显著增产11.34%;相对于传统沟灌,膜上沟灌和膜下沟灌分别节约灌溉用水31.33%和27.00%,水分生产效率提高50%以上。     

日光温室番茄畦上覆膜沟灌增产和节水效果分析

以番茄品种东圣1号为试材,以传统沟灌为对照,研究了畦上覆膜沟灌(膜上沟灌和膜下沟灌)对番茄生长、产量及水分生产效率的影响.结果表明:在灌水量减少的情况下,膜上沟灌保持根区0～40 cm土层墒情的能力高于其他灌溉方式;膜下沟灌更有利于番茄的生长发育,植株长势较好,并且较传统沟灌显著增产11.34％;相对于传统沟灌,膜上沟灌和膜下沟灌分别节约灌溉用水31.33％和27.00％,水分生产效率提高50％以上.     

灌溉方式和氮磷钾配比对大葱产量及水肥生产效率的影响

为了探讨不同灌溉方式和氮、磷、钾配比对大葱产量及水肥生产效率的影响,研究了3种灌溉方式(滴灌、喷灌、沟灌)下8个施肥配比(N_PK_0、N_0PK、NP_0K、NP_0K_0、N_0PK_0、N_0P_0K、N_0P_0K_0和NPK)处理对元臧大葱产量及水肥生产效率的影响。结果表明:滴灌较沟灌显著增加大葱产量,提高N、P、K吸收量与肥料利用率,同时还提高了水分生产效率及灌溉水利用效率。肥料配比以NPK处理(N 500 kg·hm~(-2)、P_2O_5 400 kg·hm~(-2)、K_2O 600 kg·hm~(-2))的大葱产量较高,减施其中一种肥料次之,单施N、P、K肥料则产量较低,同时NPK处理还提高了大葱各器官N、P、K积累量与肥料利用率。因此,大葱在滴灌方式下,采用全量施肥的NPK处理灌溉施肥制度最为合理。     

膜下滴灌与膜下沟灌对设施黄瓜生长发育及生长环境的影响

研究了保护地黄瓜膜下沟灌、膜下滴灌和普通沟灌3种不同的灌溉方式对黄瓜产量、病虫害发生状况及室内环境状况的影响。结果表明:膜下沟灌和膜下滴灌方式分别比普通沟灌的室内湿度低3.8%～4.9%和3.3%～6.1%,昼夜温差分别达1.5～2.3℃和1.6～2.6℃,土壤温度相对较高。膜下沟灌和膜下滴灌方式黄瓜霜霉病和白粉病的发生率和病情指数比普通沟灌低,差异达显著或极显著水平。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.