Wild ungulate slaughtering and meat inspection

The different phases of production of farmed and hunted wild game fresh meat are described. The importance of reducing the stress resulting from handling procedures (capture, restraint, transport) before the slaughtering of animals is highlighted, due to its adverse effects on meat quality. The hygienic and animal welfare criteria to be adopted in the slaughtering of wild game are described. The importance of carcass inspection immediately after slaughtering is stated, so that meat can be destined for human consumption. Possible alterations occurring in fresh and refrigerated meat, that are capable of compromising its consumability, are presented.     

Halal slaughtering,welfare, and empathy in farm animals: a review

Pre-slaughter and slaughter stressors are considered major concerns in animal welfare. Halal slaughtering method is considered one of the slaughtering stressors in livestock. This method seems to cause fear followed by stress in animals mainly due to inhuman handling. In this review, empathy and animal welfare are discussed in light of Islamic sharia and has further linked with animal’s physiology and behavioral responses during slaughtering. Islam as a religion forbids slaughtering an animal in front of another animal as through optic, olfactory, and cochlear senses animals can perceive the stress state of conspecifics. This suggests and strengthens the hypothesis that animals being slaughtered in front of each other may produce stress in them. This argument further leads to a claim that animals can experience empathy of each other through olfaction of semiochemicals (stress pheromones) emitted from animals slaughtered in the stressful condition that can be detected by other animals in abattoirs. Hence, research is needed to find out these specific stress pheromones and legislation needs to be adopted in slaughterhouses to isolate the areas of butchery from slaughtering lines to ensure proper guidelines of Halal slaughtering in slaughterhouses.     

生猪屠宰过程中的微生物污染及控制

影响鲜肉品质的因素主要有鲜肉本身的性质、污染微生物的数量、种类和其所处的外界环境因素如温度、湿度等，其中肉品本身的性质是决定因素，微生物的数量和种类与外界环境因素是次要因素。由于鲜肉的营养成分、水分活度和pH值等条件特别适宜微生物的生长，在短时间内微生物将会大量繁殖，因此在屠宰过程中控制微生物污染是保证肉的品质的关键因素。鲜肉中微生物的来源分为内源性和外源性两部分，内源性污染是指生猪在屠宰前体内受到微生物的感染，病原微生物在体内可直接污染鲜肉；外源性污染是指在屠宰、加工、贮藏、销售等环节的微生物污染。宰前检疫和控制屠宰过程中微生物的污染是保证鲜肉品质的关键，如何在屠宰过程中控制微生物的污染，提高鲜肉的品质是当前食品安全的重要课题之一。     

浙江地区不同品种紫花苜蓿不同刈割期二茬性状表现

对不同秋眠级别的紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa品种进行适应性试验,研究不同品种不同刈割期株高、分蘖数、根系、茎叶比及生物学产量间的变化,为生产推广提供指导.     

屠宰场追溯系统在生猪屠宰加工中的应用

我国从上世纪八十年代开始实行生猪定点屠宰制度,并相继颁布了《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》和《生猪屠宰管理条例》等一系列法律法规,规范了生猪屠宰行为,屠宰及检疫管理逐步变得科学化和规范化,然而在屠宰及检疫管理中仍然存在着诸如注水、病死猪等问题,加之近几年来在世界范围内发生的疯牛病和口蹄疫等疫病,使消费者对动物源性食品安全越来越关注。如何在定点屠宰的基础上更进一步做好生猪屠宰管理工作,让老百姓吃的放心,成为当前生猪屠宰管理工作的重点。     

花椰菜自动切割分离装置的设计

为解决花椰菜花茎和花冠的切割问题,设计了一种花椰菜的自动分离装置。本装置简单稳定、安装方便、实用性强,可以快速有效的对花椰菜进行自动分割处理。从而节省人力物力,提高生产效率,降低成本,增加种植户的经济效益。     

荒漠草原放牧与舍饲对滩羊屠宰性能与肉品质的影响

为探究荒漠草原放牧与舍饲对滩羊屠宰性能和肉品质的影响,本研究将39只3月龄滩羊公羔分为荒漠草原放牧组(GZ)、限时放牧4 h补饲组(TG)和舍饲组(SF)3组,测定滩羊的屠宰性能与肉品质指标.结果显示:SF组滩羊的宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率和肉骨比显著优于TG组,TG组滩羊除肉骨比和净肉率外,显著优于GZ组(P<0.05);3种饲养模式滩羊的肉色、pH、剪切力、滴水损失指标差异不显著(P>0.05),但SF组的蒸煮损失显著低于GZ组与TG组(P<0.05);TG组与GZ组滩羊肌肉中的多不饱和脂肪酸C18?3n3,C20?5n3,C22?6n3,C18?2n6,C20?3n6,C20?4n6等含量显著高于SF组(P<0.05),且n-6/n-3脂肪酸比例显著低于SF组(P<0.05).综上表明,荒漠草原放牧会提高滩羊肌肉中的不饱和脂肪酸含量,但会提高滩羊肌肉的蒸煮损失,降低滩羊的屠宰性能,而限时放牧补饲可以较大程度保留滩羊肌肉脂肪酸组成,同时提高滩羊的屠宰性能.     

Yurun continuing the expansion and the live-pig slaughtering capacity keeping leading in the world

The live-pig slaughtering capability of Jiangsu Yunrun Group will be up to 25 mil heads by the end of 2009. The Chairman of the Board, Zhu Yicai said that the group will be on the way to merge and acquisition; the productivity will be expanded to 30 mil heads in 2010.     

The dose precision of PMSG for gilts and old sows in procedures for ovulation synchronization. 2. Organometric and histometric findings after diagnostic slaughtering

An account is given in this paper of organometric and histometric findings obtained, on three farms, N, B, and D, from ovaries, uteri, and oviducts of biotechnologically treated gilts and adult sows, using differentiated PMSG doses (600, 800, and 1,000 IU on gilts and adult sows of N and B; 500, 1,000, and 1,500 IU on gilts of D). Ovulation potentials were within the biological normal in response to low dosage (with an average of 12 to 15 follicles in gilts and 17 in adult sows). The 800 IU dose caused significant stimulation, which had to be interpreted as overstimulation for PMSG-sensitive probands of N. Ovarian reaction and induced cycle should by duly considered for interpretation of histometric findings.     

Nematode antigens in protection, diagnosis and pathology

A thorough study of parasite antigens is a prerequisite for control programmes based on protection by vaccination, accurate serodiagnosis and perhaps immune modulation to diminish pathological sequelae. Stage specific surface secreted and somatic antigens may be of particular value in proceeding towards these goals. The design of vaccines is most appropriately focused on surface antigens. With respect to pathology, certain antigens must stimulate humoral and, or cellular immune responses which are responsible for the undesirable immunopathologic consequences of the disease. The ultimate objective, therefore, is identification of those particular antigens followed by appropriate down regulation of the immune system in order to delete such potentially harmful immunological reactions. The relevant illustration presented in this context is an interesting correlation between one particular clinical condition of onchocerciasis ("sowda") and the serological response, defined both in terms of the parasite antigen and an immunoglobulin class restricted antibody response. Current parasitological methods of diagnosis consistently underestimate parasite prevalence. Failure to detect low level patent infections incurs the risk of having a reservoir capable of perpetuating infections. There is, then, an urgent requirement for accurate serodiagnosis, to be used in association with, and for the evaluation of, drug treatment and vector elimination in parasite control programmes. Given the high sensitivity of current immunoassay technology, the only bar to establishing the necessary immunological tests is the choice of suitably specific antibody-antigen systems. Once these are identified, a combination of recombinant nucleic acid biochemistry and hybridoma technology should provide the necessary reagents for inexpensive, robust and specific diagnostic tests. In addition, it may not be many years before the ubiquitous RIA and ELISA technology gives way to the newly developing biosensor systems. Finally, given the sensitivity and specificity of today's nucleic acid hybridization techniques, we may soon expect to see specific identification of infective larvae in their vectors of this, a cloned DNA probe specific for Onchocerca volvulus, and with potential for the detection of infective larvae in blackflies is described.     

Effect of pre- and post-pubertal castration on Piemontese male calves: I. Live and slaughtering performances

To evaluate the effect of different age of castration on live and slaughtering performances in Piemontese males a study was carried out on 24 cattle divided in 3 groups: EC—early castrated (5th month of age), LC—late castrated (13th month) and IM—intact males, reared under the same environmental condition until the same fattening degree, then slaughtered at 18 month of age. The animals were fed at the same energy and protein level. Live weight was recorded monthly and 18 linear body measurements were recorded at 18th month of age. Live performances and slaughtering data were recorded or calculated. Differences were found in live weight (higher in IM than EC and LC; P < 0.01), buttock girth, chest girth (both higher in IM than EC; P < 0.05) and shin girth (higher in IM and LC than EC; P < 0.05). The average daily weight gain was higher in IM compared to EC and LC (P < 0.01). The carcass weight was higher in IM than EC and LC (P < 0.01). Little differences were found between EC, LC and IM in some anatomical parts weights. No differences were pointed out in the dressing percentage. Castration of Piemontese bulls at 13th month of age do not improve live and slaughtering performances compared to animals castrated at 5 month of age, even if the LC linear body measurements are more similar to the IM than EC.     

赖氨酸转基因水稻对肉仔鸡屠宰及血液生化指标的影响

本试验研究了赖氨酸转基因水稻40%、100%替代玉米作为能量饲料对内仔鸡屠宰及血液生化指标的影响.将150只1日龄AA鸡随机分成3组,对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组日粮分别用转基因水稻40%、100%替代玉米.结果表明:(1)前期Ⅰ、Ⅱ组单位增重耗料显著降低,嗉囊、腺胃、肌胃、回肠指数均显著提高;后期小肠总长Ⅰ组提高5.59%,Ⅱ组降低4.50%.(2)全期Ⅰ、Ⅱ组血液生化指标无不良反应.(3)Ⅰ组后期腹脂沉积显著增加.说明赖氨酸转基因水稻40%、100%替代玉米对内仔鸡屠宰及血液生化指标无较大影响.     

黔北麻羊与南江黄羊杂交后代屠宰及肉质性能比较

为进一步探究黔北麻羊杂交改良效果,选取相同饲养条件下同龄的纯种黔北麻羊和南江黄羊(♂)与黔北麻羊(♀)杂交后代南黔F1为试验组合,分别对其屠宰性能、肉质性能、不同组织肌肉纤维、肌肉中氨基酸和脂肪酸组成等方面进行对比分析。结果表明,黔北麻羊与南黔F1母羊在宰前活重、净肉重和胴体重指标差异极显著(P0.01),在眼肌面积和屠宰率指标差异显著(P0.05);黔北麻羊与南黔F1公羊净肉率指标差异极显著(P0.01),胴体重和屠宰率指标差异显著(P0.05);南黔F1在熟肉率、滴水损失、粗蛋白、粗灰分等指标均优于黔北麻羊。另外,南黔F1肉的总氨基酸(TAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)、鲜味氨基酸(DTAA)和甜味氨基酸(STAA)含量略低于黔北麻羊肉,但EAA/TAA、EAA/非必需氨基酸(NEAA)、DTAA/TAA以及STAA/TAA含量十分接近;南黔F1较黔北麻羊饱和脂肪酸相对含量仅差0.05百分点,不饱和脂肪酸相对含量较黔北麻羊高出0.06百分点。南黔F1羊的屠宰性能显著高于黔北麻羊(P0.05),南黔F1肉品品质优于黔北麻羊,说明南江黄羊杂交改良后的黔北麻羊屠宰性能和肉品质均得到了提高。     

云南腾冲野生茶传统文化保护与经济发展探索

云南省腾冲县拥有丰富的“生茶资源,多民族聚居,产生了各自独特的传统文化,很多地方至今都保留着特有的“生茶传统文化。本文从“生茶传统文化保护着手,重点探讨了腾冲“生茶文化旅游,促进传统文化保护及经济发展的方式。