一例犬附红细胞体的诊治

犬附红细胞体病是由犬附红细胞体引起的一种以黄疸和贫血为主要特征的人畜共患传染病.该病流行范围广泛,对犬只危害严重.本文主要阐述了1例犬附红细胞体病的诊断过程,并提出一些相关的防治措施,以期为宠物临床上相关病例的诊治提供借鉴.     

犬附红细胞体PCR检测方法的建立

目的 步建立犬附红细胞体PCR检测方法。方法 据已发表的附红细胞体基因序列,设计了一对特异性引物,以犬附红细胞体基因组DNA和附红细胞体可疑病犬样品DNA为模板,聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增,扩增产物经克隆测序分析。结果 CR扩增产物大小为541bp,序列分析表明与GenBank数据中发表的序列一致,表明这套引物成功扩增出目的基因序列,但正常犬血样品DNA和弓形虫、伊氏锥虫、吉氏巴贝斯虫、犬细小病毒、犬瘟热的DNA样品都不能扩增出目的基因片段。结论 研究建立的PCR方法可以用于犬附红细胞体的检测,为犬附红细胞体病的诊断及分子流行病学的调查提供了新的手段。     

东莞市犬感染附红细胞体的现状调查

1991年,华国修首次于上海地区发现犬附红细胞体。随后国内各地陆续报道有本病的发生。犬感染附红细胞体后多呈隐性感染,只有在应激因素或其他疾病存在时才会引发本病,易被忽视。近年来,宠物犬、警犬及食用犬养殖的快速发展,对人类身体健康构成了较大的威胁,有必要了解犬群感染附红细胞体的情况。     

犬附红细胞体的诊断与治疗

采用直接镜检、血液涂片及血常规检查等方法，对某动物医院收治的50只疑似犬附红细胞体病的患犬进行实验室诊断，抽取20只患有犬附红细胞体的病犬，随机分成4组，进行药物治疗试验，分别注射贝尼尔+咪唑苯脲、贝尼尔、咪唑苯脲、特效米先；另设一对照组。结果表明：直接镜检、血液涂片检查及血常规检查等方法可作为确诊犬附红细胞体病的参考依据；在药物治疗试验中，贝尼尔与咪唑苯脲的联合用药效果最好，贝尼尔、咪唑苯脲次之，特效米先效果一般。     

犬附红细胞体PCR检测方法的建立及应用

通过将GenBank上报道的犬附红细胞体16S rRNA基因序列与其他物种同源序列进行比对,取其种间特异性和种内保守性较高区域设计1对引物,以吉林省延边地区犬附红细胞体基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,并进行特异性、敏感性试验验证,建立犬附红细胞体PCR诊断方法,应用于临床检测。结果表明:该方法可成功扩增出大小为529 bp的犬附红细胞体片段,与GenBank中German no.1(AY150973.1)序列同源性为98.5%。其最低DNA检测量为25 fg/μL,不与犬巴贝斯虫、犬弓形虫及猪附红细胞体等病原体基因组产生交叉反应。同时通过对57份犬血液样本的检测结果说明,该方法检出率明显高于姬姆萨染色镜检法,且避免了假阳性。本试验所建立的PCR检测方法具有特异、敏感、准确等优点,为犬附红细胞体病的诊断提供了一种可靠的方法。     

犬附红细胞体病的感染情况调查及临床观察

采用鲜血压滴标本法结合末梢血液涂片染色法 ,调查了 80条犬感染附红细胞体的结果 ,犬附红细胞体阳性率为 91 2 5 % ;其中具有明显临床表现的犬占 1 0 % ,多数为隐性感染。对其中 1 0条阳性犬进行部分血液生理指标测定及临床症状观察 ,感染附红细胞体的犬均表现出不同程度的红细胞压积、血红蛋白、红细胞总数下降 ;嗜酸性白细胞 ,淋巴细胞略低于正常值 ;白细胞总数升高 ;嗜中性白细胞、单核细胞有所升高。此外 ,感染犬体温持续偏高 ,食欲略有下降 ,贫血、黄疸症状较轻。未见腹泻、呕吐等明显临床表现。     

犬附红细胞体感染率的调查

采用镜检法检测犬静脉血附红细胞体（附红体）感染情况,共检测39份,其中狼种犬25份、狮子犬14份,结果发现不论是狼种犬还是狮子犬均有不同程度的感染,平均感染率为87．18％,狼种犬为96．00％、狮子犬为71．42％;对抗凝血中犬附红体进行4℃冰箱保存试验,观察11份保存33天,犬附红体仍有活力;用犬附红体阳性抗凝血人工感染雏鸡阴性抗凝血,结果10天后雏鸡阴性抗凝血红细胞受到感染。     

新疆人畜附红体感染流行病学调查

以新疆的东、南、北疆及乌市等地区的人畜附红细胞体病首次进行流行病学的调查,共检查人、牛、羊、猪、马、骆驼和鸡的血液样本１１６４份。结果表明,其感染率分别为：４５．０％、３２．０％、５７．５％、６６．８％、３１．３％、４１．６％和６６．６％,显示出人畜间均有不同程度的感染,因地区不同,感染率有一定差别。人群感染率的高低与职业无相关性,但与区域内畜间感染率的高低,养殖业的规模、方式及卫生状况等可能有关     

An investigation on the presence of Chlamydiaceae in Swedish dogs

Background

Bacteria belonging to the family Chlamydiaceae cause a broad spectrum of diseases in a wide range of hosts, including man, other mammals, and birds. Upper respiratory and genital diseases are common clinical problems caused by Chlamydiaceae. Very little is known about chlamydial infections in dogs. Few clinical reports on natural disease in dogs describe mainly conjunctival and upper respiratory signs, and the role of Chlamydiaceae in genital disease is unclear. The present study aimed at studying the prevalence of Chlamydiaceae in healthy dogs and in dogs with genital or upper respiratory disease, including conjunctivitis.

Methods

A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Chlamydiaceae was used to detect any chlamydial species within this family. Swab samples from the conjunctiva and the mucosal membranes of the oropharynx, rectum and genital tract were taken from 79 dogs: 27 clinically healthy dogs, 25 dogs with clinical signs from the genital tract and 28 dogs with conjunctivitis. There were 52 female and 27 male dogs. From 7 of the male dogs, additional semen samples were analysed.

Results

No Chlamydiaceae were detected from any dog.

Conclusions

Although the number of dogs that was included is limited, the results suggest that cases of Chlamydiaceae in dogs probably are related to infection from other species, and that dogs in general do not harbour Chlamydiaceae. Bacteria belonging to the family Chlamydiaceae do not seem to be of major importance for genital or ocular disease in Swedish dogs.     

Observations on the pathology of Eperythrozoon ovis infection in sheep

The main pathological features of experimental Eperythrozoon ovis infection were an increase of spleen weight by up to 250% at the peak of parasitaemia and an increase in liver weight by 36%. Haemosiderin was present in the kidneys, livers and spleens of all infected sheep at the peak and late stages of parasitaemia. Control sheep had haemosiderin in the spleen only. On the basis of these findings, intravascular haemolysis appears to be the predominant mode of red cell removal. Although not observed histologically, some erythrophagocytosis by the spleen and liver probably occurs in the course of the infection.     

Eperythrozoon wenyonii infection in dairy cattle

Approximately 10 of 100 young heifers that had recently delivered their first calf--members of a large Colorado dairy herd--had a syndrome of swollen teats and distal portions of the hind limbs, prefemoral lymphadenopathy, transient fever, rough coat, decreased milk production, and subsequent weight loss and reproductive inefficiency. Acute clinical signs of disease were associated with large numbers of Eperythrozoon wenyonii seen on blood smears, and resolution of signs correlated with reduction or disappearance of the parasite. Other known causes of peripheral edema could not be documented. The parasite was transmitted to 4 of 7 nonlactating dairy cows destined to be culled and a splenectomized calf via IV inoculation of blood from parasitemic heifers, but clinical signs of infection were not induced.     

An indirect hemagglutination test for the diagnosis of Eperythrozoon suis infection in swine.

An indirect hemagglutination test was developed to detect naturally occurring eperythrozoonosis in swine and to follow experimentally induced infections serologically. The antigen used was prepared from the plasma of acutely infected, splenectomized pigs. The test was specific and reliable in detecting swine latently infected with the disease.     

郑州地区犬隐孢子虫病流行病学调查及动物感染试验

用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法对采自犬养殖场、郑州郊区宠物市场、实验动物房、宠物医院以及郑州郊县农村的309份犬粪便样品进行了隐孢子虫感染情况调查,同时用幼犬和SCID小鼠进行了人工感染试验。结果显示,隐孢子虫平均感染率为2.59%（8/309）;犬养殖场、郑州郊县农村和实验动物房犬的隐孢子虫感染率分别为0.56%（1/179）、10.53%（2/19）、16.67%（5/30）,而宠物市场、宠物医院的被调查犬未发现隐孢子虫感染。所查到的8份隐孢子虫阳性样品有6份来自1~3月龄的幼犬,表明幼犬更容易感染隐孢子虫。动物感染试验表明,犬源隐孢子虫不感染SCID小鼠和2月龄非免疫抑制幼犬,但能感染免疫抑制幼犬。组织切片用HE染色观察的结果显示,犬源隐孢子虫主要寄生在幼犬的十二指肠和空肠。根据卵囊形态大小和动物感染试验结果,将从犬分离的隐孢子虫初步鉴定为犬隐孢子虫。     

Experimental Eperythrozoon ovis infection of sheep

Abstract

Extract

Eperythrozoon ovis is an epi-erythrocytic sheep parasite of uncertain classification with a world-wide distribution (Sutton, 1970 Sutton, R. H. 1970. Eperythrozoon ovis — a blood parasite of sheep. N.Z vet. J., 18: 156–164. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]), but whether eperythrozoonosis is a disease of economic importance remains unresolved. In Scotland, Foggie and Nisbet (1964 Foggie, A. and Nisbet, D. I. 1964. Studies on Eperythrozoon infection in sheep. J. comp. Path., 74: 45–61.  [Google Scholar]), found that experimentally E. ovis caused a clinical anaemia, occasionally with jaundice, but there was no significant difference in weight gain between infected and control sheep. Similar observations in naturally infected sheep were recorded in Norway by Overas (1969 Overas, I. 1969. Studies on Eperythrozoon ovis infection in sheep. Acta vet. Scand., Suppl. 28 [Google Scholar]), and in Australia by Harbutt (1969b Harbutt, R. Patricia. 1969b. The effect of Eperythrozoon ovis infection on body weight gain and haematology of lambs in Victoria. Aust. vet. J., 45: 500–504.  [Google Scholar]), Other Australian authors have found infection by this parasite; associated with outbreaks of ill-thrift in lambs (Sheriff et al., 1966 Sheriff, D., Clapp, K. H. and Reid, A. Marjorie. 1966. Eperythrozoon ovis infection in South Australia. Aust. vet. J., 42: 169–176.  [Google Scholar]) and severe anaemia with some mortality (Littlejohns, 1960 Littlejohns, I. R. 1960. Eperythrozoon ovis in sheep. Aust. vet. f., 36: 260–265.  [Google Scholar]; Maxwell, 1969 Maxwell, J. A. L. 1969. Eperythrozoon ovis infection in Western Australia. Ausf. vet. J., 45: 436–436.  [Google Scholar]; Campbell et al., 1971 Campbell, R. W., Sloan, C. A. and Harbutt, R. Patricia. 1971. Observations on mortality in lambs in Victoria associated with Eperythrozoon ovis. Aust. vet. J., 47: 538–541.  [Google Scholar]). Although the presence of strains of different pathogenicity has been suggested (Foggie and Nisbet, 1964 Foggie, A. and Nisbet, D. I. 1964. Studies on Eperythrozoon infection in sheep. J. comp. Path., 74: 45–61.  [Google Scholar], 1966 Foggie, A. and Nisbet, D. I. 1966. Eperyihrozoon ovis. Vet. Rec., 79: 297–298.  [Google Scholar]; Harbutt, 1969a Harbutt, R. Patricia. 1969a. The incidence and clinical significance of Eperythrozoon ovis infections of sheep in Victoria. Ausf vet. J., 45: 493–499.  [Google Scholar]), other factors influencing the disease should also be considered (Littlejohns, 1960 Littlejohns, I. R. 1960. Eperythrozoon ovis in sheep. Aust. vet. f., 36: 260–265.  [Google Scholar]).