黑刺粉虱在4个茶树品种上空间分布型研究

本文采用聚集度指标、Taylor幂法则、Iwao的m*-m回归分析法,对黑刺粉虱在4个茶树品种上的空间分布型进行了分析比较。结果表明:黑刺粉虱在茶树上空间分布均属聚集分布,个体间相互吸引,分布的基本成分是个体群,其聚集性随密度的增大而增加。经Blackith种群聚集均数测定,λ值均大于2,说明其聚集是由于害虫本身的群集行为与环境条件综合影响所致;方差分析表明,黑刺粉虱在树冠的中、下层叶片上分布显著多于上层叶片,在蜀永307上的分布数量显著多于福鼎大白茶、早白尖5号,南江1号上分布数最少,说明不同茶树品种对黑刺粉虱的抗性存在差异。     

摄食水平对中华鳖幼鳖氮收支的影响

中华鳖幼鳖在30℃条件下，以鲜罗非鱼肉作为饵料，在设定的4个摄食水平-饥饿1%，2%和饱食条件下进行生长试验，分别对单位体重日氮摄取，粪便氮，氮排泄和氮生长进行测定。结果表明中华鳖幼鳖氮收支各组分随摄食水平的降低而减少，其中氮排泄率与摄食水平呈显著的正直线相关；氮生长也与氮摄取呈直线正相关，氮收支各组分以占氮摄取的百分比表示时，粪便氮随摄食水平的降低而增加，氮生长随摄食水平的增加而提高，而氮排泄则变化不大，在饱食条件下中华鳖幼 鳖的氮收支方程可表示为100CN=58.62UN 36.34GN 5.04FN，其中CN，UN，GN和FN分别为摄入氮，排泄氮，生长氮和粪便氮。     

免疫多糖(酵母细胞壁)对中华鳖非特异性免疫功能的影响

报道了口服免疫多糖(酵母细胞壁)对中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)非特异性免疫功能影响的研究结果。试验中共设6个组,在各组饵料中免疫多糖的添加量依次为每千克鳖重0 mg(对照组)5、00.0 mg(试验I组)、1 000.0 mg(试验Ⅱ组)、1 500.0 mg(试验Ⅲ组)2、000.0 mg(试验Ⅳ组)和2 500.0 mg(试验Ⅴ组)。投喂28 d后,取其血液,测定了中华鳖血液中白细胞的吞噬活性、血清溶菌活力和补体活性。研究结果表明,试验I~Ⅲ组中华鳖白细胞吞噬活性和溶菌酶的活性均显著高于对照组(t测验,P<0.05),而试验Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组与对照组中华鳖血液中白细胞的吞噬活性和溶菌酶活性没有显著差异(t测验,P>0.05),补体C3和C4活性最高的是投喂量为每千克鳖重1 000.0 mg和1 500.0 mg的第Ⅱ组与第Ⅲ组,2个组与对照组间存在显著差异(t测验,P<0.05),而第Ⅰ组、第Ⅳ组和第Ⅴ组与对照组之间无显著性差异(t测验,P>0.05)。研究结果证明在中华鳖饵料中添加免疫多糖(酵母细胞壁)的量以每千克鳖重1 000.0 mg左右为宜,超过1 500.0 mg对中华鳖的免疫刺激作用会逐渐降低。     

Quercetin Increased Protein Utilization and Decreased Nitrogen Excretion in Broilers by Activating TOR Signaling Pathway

The study was conducted to investigate the effect and mechanism of dietary quercetin supplementation on protein utilization of Arbor Acres (AA) broilers.A total of 240 1-day-old AA broilers were randomly allocated to four treatments with six replicates,comprising 10 broilers each replicate (60 broilers per treatment).Birds were fed either a corn-soybean meal basal diet without quercetin (control) or a basal diet supplemented with 0.2,0.4 or 0.6 g of quercetin per kg feed,and the trial lasted 42 days.Dietary quercetin supplementation tended to increase the apparent metabolic rate of protein (p=0.076) and the content of serum albumin (p=0.062) in AA broilers.Compared with the control,dietary quercetin supplementation increased the contents of protein in breast muscle (p0.05) and in thigh muscle (p=0.053).In addition,quercetin up-regulated mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K),target of rapamycin (TOR),ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1),eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E),eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G),eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B (eIF4B) genes and down-regulated mRNA expression of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein1 (4E-BP1) genes in breast muscle,thigh muscle and liver of AA broilers (p0.05).The present results suggested that dietary quercetin supplementation enhanced protein utilization in broilers by activating TOR signaling pathway.     

观赏植物火棘黑刺粉虱的生物学特性及其防治研究

通过对火棘上黑刺粉虱室内外观察研究发现,黑刺粉虱在河南新乡1年发生4代,以若虫、伪蛹在寄主叶片背面越冬。该虫主要危害火棘叶片,受害严重时诱发霉烟病。药效试验结果表明,10%吡虫啉WP、40%氧化乐果EC、啶虫杀+增效剂、20%灭多威EC对其防效均在87%以上。     

Diploid-Triploid Mosaicism: An Unusual Phenomenon in Side-Necked Turtles (Platemys platycephala)

Diploid and diploid-triploid mosaic individuals of Platemys platycephala were found in natural populations. In mosaic specimens, the blood, spleen, liver, and testis contained both diploid and triploid cells. The ratio of triploid to diploid cells was more variable among individuals than among somatic tissues within an individual. Only diploid cells underwent meiosis in males; haploid gametes were produced. There appears to be geographic variation for mosaicism in that only diploids were found in Bolivia, whereas diploids and diploid-triploid mosaics occured in Surinam.     

饲料蛋白对翘嘴鲌氮排泄的影响

选择健康的翘嘴鲌为试验鱼,以褐鱼粉为蛋白源, 配制5个蛋白水平的等能、等必需氨基酸平衡关联度(EAA)的半精制饲料;又以豆粕替代鱼粉、大豆蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白,配制5个关联度的等蛋白、等能的半精制饲料,探讨饲料蛋白水平和大豆蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白对翘嘴鲌氮排泄的影响. 结果表明,饲料蛋白水平对翘嘴鲌氮排泄具有显著性影响(P《0.05),翘嘴鲌每日氨氮和尿素氮平均排泄率和排泄峰值随饲料蛋白含量的增加而增加. 每日氨氮排泄率和饲料蛋白水平呈正相关. 当大豆蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白超过40.5%时,氨氮排泄量显著增加(P《0.05),内源氮不受饲料蛋白水平和大豆蛋白替代的影响(P》0.05).     

稚鳖控温养殖试验

个体均重5.1克的幼鳖,控温饲养150天,平均重达104.1克,日平均增重0.694克,成活率91.1%,单产2.14kg/m~2.     

放养中华鳖防治茭白田福寿螺试验

福寿螺是为害茭白的主要有害生物之一,田间放养中华鳖控制茭白田福寿螺为害试验结果表明,中华鳖对福寿螺具有很强的捕食能力,日均取食福寿螺螺肉达自身体重的7%～15%,对福寿螺有极佳的田间控制作用,并且具有环保、生态、安全等特点.同时还因种养结合极大地提高了茭农的经济收益,每667 m2收益可超过1万元.     

一种中华鳖穿孔病病原菌的分离和特性研究

从患有穿孔病的中华鳖的病灶中分离到菌株N₉₉₁₀和N₉₉₁₁。用二菌株分别进行小白鼠和鳖的感染试验,均能使小白鼠死亡及鳖发病,感染鳖出现与自然发病鳖相似的症状,并从人工感染的死亡鳖中再次分离到相同的细菌。经形态特征、培养特性及生理生化反应测定,二菌株均鉴定为摩氏摩根氏菌（Morganella morganii）。药敏试验结果表明：二菌株对氯霉素、菌必治、氟哌酸及丁胺卡那霉素均呈高度敏感。     

Cryopreservation of Queen Honeybee(Apis mellifera camica)Born Worker Eggs by Vitrification

Many species of insect egg can be targeted individually or(and)collectively for cryopreservation by vitrification.However,there has been no report on cryopreservation of honeybee eggs by vitrification.In an attempt to define a preliminary procedure of cryopreservation of honeybee eggs by vitrification,queen honeybee born worker eggs(worker eggs)were stored through vitrification in liquid nitrogen up to 1 h,and then post-vitrification survival of the vitrified worker eggs in vitro and their hatching rates during maturation in vivo were observed using microscopic and close visual inspections.The procedure of cryopreservation by vitrification included dechorionation with sodium hypochlorite and permeabilization with isopropyl alcohol; equilibration by addition of loading solution(i.e.,25% vitrification storage solution)and dehydration by gradual replacement of loading solution with vitrification storage solution; cooling in liquid nitrogen vapor right before droplet vitrification in liquid nitrogen; and recovery in liquid nitrogen vapor right after storage in liquid nitrogen,thawing at temperature of thawing medium(5% sucrose in TC 100-insect medium)and rehydration by gradual replacement of vitrification storage solution with rehydration solution(5% fetal bovine serum in TC 100-insect medium).It was found that among the worker eggs experiencing cyropreservation by vitrification,1.25% of them were successfully passed through the four life stages,viz.,egg,larva,pupa,and adult.In summary,it can be inferred that although a majority of worker eggs were dead after cyroprescrvation by vitrification,a few of them were developed into larvae,pupae,and finally emerged as adults.     

四-(4-吡啶)卟啉分光光度法测定松花蛋中铅的含量

[目的]探讨四-（4-吡啶）卟啉与铅显色反应的最佳条件,以准确测定松花蛋中铅含量。[方法]测定和研究了pH值、温度、反应时间、共存离子、表面活性剂、试剂的用量等多因素对铅和四-（4-吡啶）卟啉的显色反应的影响,进而确定了反应的最适合条件,建立了一种新型的测定松花蛋中铅含量的分析方法。[结果]在十二烷基硫酸钠存在条件下,四-（4-吡啶）卟啉能与铅在碱性介质中生成稳定的配合物,配位比为1∶1 该配合物的最大吸收波长为464 nm,当铅含量在0~0.8 g/ml范围内呈线性关系 将其用于松花蛋中铅含量的测定,结果较为准确。[结论]在反应的最适合条件下建立的新型测定松花蛋中铅含量的分析方法具有方法简单、安全、结果比较准确的特点。     

黑刺粉虱天敌种质资源分类概述

黑刺粉虱为柑桔和茶树的重要害虫之一,其天敌种类丰富,包括寄生性天敌、捕食性天敌和病原性真菌等。对黑刺粉虱天敌昆虫的主要种类进行概述,以期推进黑刺粉虱的生物防治。     

茶树品种新梢主要生化成分与黑刺粉虱选择性的关系

对9个茶树品种(福云6号、玉龙、丹桂、优3、优510、黄旦、毛蟹、福云10号和铁观音等)新梢主要生化成分与黑刺粉虱的单位叶面积产卵量和世代存活率的相关性进行研究分析.结果表明:黑刺粉虱单位叶面积产卵量与茶树品种新梢苯丙氨酸含量之间存在极显著负相关,与可溶性蛋白质、丙氨酸和蛋氨酸含量之间存在显著负相关,而与可溶性糖、咖啡碱、茶多酚含量,儿茶素、游离氨基酸总量等的相关性不显著;黑刺粉虱的世代存活率与茶树品种新梢苯丙氨酸含量之间存在极显著负相关.     

养殖池种植凤眼莲对左江鳖幼鳖生产性能的影响试验

采用对比法,研究在池塘面积、养殖密度、养殖池底质和养殖饲料相同的条件下,养殖池水面种植一定面积的凤眼莲对左江鳖稚鳖培育养殖成活率、增重量、饲料系数的影响。结果表明,在左江鳖养殖的稚鳖培育阶段,在培育水体中种植风眼莲可以营造一个适合稚鳖健康生长的生态环境,能获得较高的养殖成活率、增重量和较低的饲料系数,收获的幼鳖体色光鲜,无疖疮、腐皮等现象,鳖体生猛活泼,攻击性强,应在稚鳖培育中推广应用。     

口灌呋喃唑酮对中华鳖消化道菌群的影响

健康的动物体表及消化道中存在着正常的微生物群落 ,它们对维持动物机体正常的生理机能具有重要作用。生活环境的剧变、食物的改变以及服用药物都会使动物消化道菌群发生变化[1 ] 。中华鳖(Ｔｒｉｏｎｙｘｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ)为我国近年来养殖规模较大的名优水产动物之一 ,呋喃唑酮为常用鱼药 ,但口灌呋喃唑酮对中华鳖消化道菌群有何影响 ,还未见报道。因此 ,特作本试验 ,为呋喃唑酮在中华鳖养殖中的合理利用提供科学依据。1　材料与方法1 .1　供试鳖及其饲养试验用鳖由湖北咸宁水产研究所提供 ,规格 2 0～30ｇ ,室外水泥池中驯养 1个月后 ,选…     

仿生鳖与温室鳖的营养成分比较

本文对体重562－606g的3龄仿生鳖和体重570－679g的2龄温室鳖的裙边、腿部肌肉及肝脏组织的营养成分进行比较分析。结果表明：仿生鳖3种材料的含水量均比温室鳖高；鳖的粗脂肪和粗蛋白的含量随组织不同而有所差异，其中仿生鳖肝脏组织中粗脂肪含量显著低于温室鳖，粗蛋白含量极显著地高于温室鳖；仿生鳖肌肉中9种必需氨基酸的含量和鲜味氨基酸的含量都高于温室鳖。不同组织间比较，粗脂肪在肝脏中的含量最高，裙边中最低；粗蛋白在裙边中含量最高，肝脏中最低。因此，从鳖可食部分的营养价值角度出发，仿生鳖比温室鳖的营养价值高。     

~(15)N示踪探究烤烟氮素吸收分配规律

通过大田试验,利用15N示踪研究了烤烟大田各生育期对肥料氮的吸收分配规律。结果显示:烟株偏向吸收硝态氮,且吸收的硝态氮主要分布在叶片和茎中;烟株吸收的追肥氮占吸收肥料氮的比例随生育期的推进而不断增加;成熟叶片中肥料氮占总氮的比例不足两成,且随叶位上升而不断下降。