3β-HSD在初情期从江香猪附睾中的特异性表达模式

3β-羟基甾脱氢酶（3β-HSD）特异性表达于从江香猪的附睾组织中，并且在初情期时表达量最高。而目前对3β-HSD在初情期附睾不同区段的研究未被报道，因此本实验以香猪不同区段的附睾组织作为实验对象，通过使用免疫组织化学（IHC）与蛋白质免疫印迹（WB）分析3β-HSD在初情期香猪附睾5个区段（Ⅰ-Ⅴ区）的具体表达位置和表达量。IHC结果显示3β-HSD定位于香猪附睾的5个区段，且主要定位于附睾管上皮周围的平滑肌、管腔内附睾液及管腔微绒毛中。WB结果显示3β-HSD在Ⅳ区的表达量最高，并且显著高于Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区、Ⅲ区及Ⅴ区。此外，Ⅲ区的表达量显著高于Ⅰ区，但3β-HSD在Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区和Ⅴ区的各组之间并无统计学差异。综上，本研究发现3β-HSD在初情期香猪附睾定位于附睾管管周平滑肌、管腔内附睾液及管腔微绒毛，表达量以Ⅳ区最高，并且以区段特异性表达。     

从江香猪IFN-β基因的序列分析及原核表达

试验旨在探明从江香猪β-干扰素（interferon-beta，IFN-β）基因编码区分子序列及原核表达产物特征。以从江香猪为研究对象，提取肝脏总RNA并反转录为cDNA，设计特异性引物扩增IFN-β基因编码区，将目的基因片段克隆至原核表达质粒pET-28a上，获得重组质粒pET28a-CJpoIFN-β，并利用生物学软件对江香猪IFN-β基因编码区进行序列分析；将鉴定正确的重组质粒pET28a-CJpoIFN-β转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）感受态细胞，经IPTG诱导表达、SDS-PAGE与Western blotting分析原核表达蛋白。结果表明，从江香猪IFN-β基因编码区长为561 bp，编码186个氨基酸；该蛋白为分泌性蛋白，前21个氨基酸为信号肽序列；二级结构主要以α-螺旋（77.42%）和无规则卷曲（17.74%）为主。从江香猪与其他猪源IFN-β基因核苷酸序列同源性为99.5%~100.0%，与禽的同源性最低（35.2%）；从江香猪与巴马猪、梅山猪IFN-β氨基酸同源性均为100.0%，但与贵州白香猪IFN-β同源性为99.5%，存在E43Q、K73R和C161R 3处氨基酸的差异。Western blotting结果显示，带His标签的重组表达蛋白能被His单抗识别，条带大小约为24 ku。本试验结果为进一步研究IFN-β基因生物学活性及加快从江香猪这一品种资源的有效利用提供参考依据。     

贵州剑河白香猪血液生理指标的测定

对相同条件下饲养的６月龄剑河白香猪和黑香猪血液生理指标进行测定。结果表明，同月龄白、黑香猪红细胞数，白细胞数，血红蛋白含量，白细胞分类计数，各项指标差异均不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）；不同性别间的白香猪、黑香猪各指标差异也不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）。     

关于理性发展小香猪产业的思考

小香猪又名“迷你猪”,民间美其名曰“七里香”、“十里香”。它原产于贵州、广西少数民族山区,主要分布在以贵州的从江县为中心的宰便、加勉等乡镇和广西的明伦、东兴、龙岩及其相邻地区。古时虽有饲养,但数量极少,仅做“贡品”专供皇亲贵族享用,不许百姓食用,从而限制了香猪的发展。解放后,濒临灭绝。直到二十世纪八十年代,全国畜禽资源调查时方被发现,当时仅存几十头。农业部授权科研站与中国农业大学作为“七五科技攻关项目”进行科学培育。经8年的风土驯化,选优提纯,定型出三个香猪品系。1993年被农业部划归“国家二级保护畜种”,视为…     

香猪死亡原因的分析

香猪引入北方后,经多年养育与驯化,能正常繁殖。为保证健康发展,对香猪死亡原因进行了调查分析。结果表明,喘气病是威胁猪成长的重要原因。     

香猪血浆Cu,Zn,Mn含量变化与生长速度关系的研究

本研究应用ＩＣＰ—ＳＰＥＣＩ型等离子发射光谱仪对两个不同月龄的香猪血浆Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ含量进行了分析，结果表明：不同月龄香猪血浆中Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ含量不同，二月龄香猪血浆中Ｃｕ含量低于１月龄的香猪，统计学ｔ检验证明两者间存在显著差异（ｐ＜０．０５）．二月龄香猪血浆Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ含量略高于１月龄，差异不显著（ｐ＞００５）．本研究还对１—４月龄香猪的相对生长速率进行了研究，结果表明：２月龄香猪的相对生长率最高，３月龄香猪的相对生长率最低，４月龄香猪的相对生长率为中等水平．实验证明血浆中ＣＵ对香猪有促进生长的作用．     

杜洛克,大白,长白和大长猪的生长肥育试验初报

我场现有杜洛克、大白、和长白猪三个核心群。为了解三大品种在广东地区的风土驯化情况及本场选育效果,于1991年5月开始对上述纯种猪和大长杂变猪进行了生长肥育试验。因试验未结束,现只将生长舍阶段的试验情况报告如下。     

猪文化与猪肉品质改进理念

1 猪肉品质的发展过程与现代文化概念 1．1 历史概念 猪肉品质的历史概念在中国秦汉时期已基本定格并遥遥领先于世界。古人讲究将瘦（削）、老（涩）、粗（糙）、膻（腥）的驯化猪改造为肥（满）、嫩（滑）、细（致）、香（醇）的家养猪种。     

小型猪生长激素基因启动子区SNPs分析

利用PCR-SSCP方法检测4种小型猪（五指山猪、巴马猪、香猪和藏猪）和2种中大型猪（达兰猪和长白猪）生长激素（GH）基因的单核苷酸多态性。发现小型猪中有3处碱基突变发生在5′-调控区,对基因型和等位基因频率进行分析,4种小型猪生长激素5′-侧翼区基因位点中,等位基因A和D为优势等位基因,与达兰猪和长白猪中的分布差异显著（P〈0.05）。以上结果表明猪品种间的体型差异可能与GH基因5′-调控区的基因突变和前导肽中的氨基酸变异有关。     

PIC瘦肉型猪应用研究

将ＰＩＣ良种猪引进沙县，通过风土驯化，品系杂交和科学饲养，使杂交母猪经产窝均数达１３．０头，二代初产１２．０头，４５日龄断奶头数１１．９头，窝重９５．６ｋｇ，肥育猪日增重７７９．１克，料肉比２．８８：１，均高于纯种瘦肉型猪。     

Analysis on Polymorphisms of Three CNV Regions in Five Pig Breeds

The paper was aimed to investigate the polymorphism of copy number variation (CNV) in different pig breeds.Three CNV regions of CNVR91,CNVR92 and CNVR143 were chosen from the porcine SNP60 chip genotyping results.The polymorphisms of three CNVs were determined by Real-time quantitative PCR method,taking five pig breeds as samples,including Yorkshire pig,Xiang pig,Kele pig,Nuogu pig and Rongchang pig breeds.The results showed that the dominant status of CNVR91 was loss in Xiang pig,while it was normal in other four pig breeds.The major type of CNVR92 was deletion in Xiang pig,Yorkshire pig,Kele pig and Rongchang pig breeds,with a high normal percent in Nuogu pig.For CNVR143,the dominant event was gain in Xiang pig and Nuogu pig breeds,but it was not diverse in other three pig breeds.These results indicated that three CNV regions emerged with polymorphism in five pig breeds,which might have effects on gene expression in CNV regions and physiological function by dosage effect especially in Xiang pig,Nuogu pig and Kele pig breeds.     

5个猪品种3个拷贝数变异区的多态性分析

为了探究拷贝数变异(copy number variation,CNV)在不同猪品种间的多态性,本试验根据猪SNP60芯片检测结果,以大白猪、香猪、柯乐猪、糯谷猪、荣昌猪为主要研究对象,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,对5个猪品种基因组中3个CNV区域(CNVR91、CNVR92和CNVR143)的拷贝数进行测定。结果显示,香猪的CNVR91以拷贝数缺失为主,其他4个猪品种的拷贝数以正常为主;香猪、大白猪、柯乐猪、荣昌猪的CNVR92以拷贝数缺失为主,糯谷猪以拷贝数正常为主;香猪和糯谷猪的CNVR143以拷贝数增加为主,其他3个猪品种以拷贝数正常为主。表明3个拷贝数变异区在5个猪品种之间具有多态性,可能通过剂量效应影响香猪、糯谷猪和柯乐猪等相关基因的表达和生理功能。     

香猪SNP位点rs80894395的多态性及其与体尺指标之间的关联研究

为了探究影响香猪生长发育的功能基因,本试验利用Illumina Porcine SNP60K芯片筛选出N-乙酰氨基半乳糖转移酶2(polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2,GALNT2)基因内含子10中一个与腹围呈弱相关的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)位点rs80894395。在此基础上应用等位基因特异性PCR(allele-specific PCR,AS-PCR)技术检测520头雌性香猪群体中该位点的基因型,并与43头大白猪、36头柯乐猪相比较。结果表明,从3个猪群体中检测到rs80894395位点的CC、CT和TT3种基因型;其中香猪群体以CT为优势基因型,且基因型与香猪的体重、体长和腹围呈弱的正相关;大白猪群体以CC基因型为主,T等位基因频率较香猪极显著减少(P<0.01);柯乐猪群体中CC与CT基因型频率相等,与香猪和大白猪的基因频率间的差异不显著(P>0.05)。生物信息学分析表明,rs80894395位点可能影响GALNT2基因的剪接过程。rs80894395与香猪的生长发育可能有一定的联系。     

Polymorphism of SNP Site rs80894395 and its Association with the Body Size of Xiang Pig

To explore the functional genes affecting the growth and development of Xiang pig, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site rs80894395, located at intron 10 of polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (GALNT2) gene was screened out by Illumina Porcine SNP60K chip, which showed a weak association with the abdomen circumference of pig.Further, the genotypes of site rs80894395 in 520 female Xiang pigs were detected using allele-specific PCR(AS-PCR) method, taking 43 Yorkshire pigs and 36 Kele pigs as control groups.All of CC, CT and TT genotypes were detected from the three pig breeds.The dominant genotype of Xiang pig was CT genotype and it was positively weak-associated with its body measurement indexes including body weight, body length, and abdomen circumference.The CC genotype was dominant genotype in Yorkshire pig, and the frequency of T allele was extremely significant decreased compared with that of Xiang pig (P<0.01).There was no difference in the frequencies of CC and CT genotypes in Kele pig, and its allele frequencies was not significantly different compared with that of Xiang or Yorkshire pig breeds (P>0.05).A splice-site nearby site rs80894395 was found out using bioinformatics prediction software, which might affect the splicing process of GALNT2 gene.It suggested that site rs80894395 might have a connection with the growth and development of Xiang pig.     

3个地方猪品种BOLL和STRA8基因结构变异位点的群体分布研究

为了探讨BOLL-I6-sv285（15号染色体BOLL基因第6内含子）和STRA8-I4-sv447（18号染色体STRA8基因第4内含子）这两个结构变异在地方猪与欧洲猪品种中的群体分布差异,试验采用PCR方法对从江香猪、江口萝卜猪、荣昌猪和大白猪4个猪品种进行基因分型,并通过在线软件miRBase、UCSC、RegRNA 2.0对结构变异序列所含的功能元件进行分析。结果显示,BOLL-I6-sv285为一段285 bp的插入,经群体验证,3个地方猪品种以DI和DD基因型为主,I等位基因的频率高于大白猪,插入基因型（Ⅱ）对应较高的产仔数,基因型与从江香猪产仔数之间呈显著相关（P<0.05）;STRA8-I4-sv447为一段447 bp的插入突变,群体中DD基因型占优势,从江香猪、江口萝卜猪和大白猪的I等位基因频率高于荣昌猪,插入基因型（Ⅱ）对应较低的产仔数,基因型与从江香猪产仔数之间呈显著相关（P<0.05）。本试验鉴定的BOLL-I6-sv285和STRA8-I4-sv447两个结构变异可作为从江香猪产仔数的候选分子标记。     

贵州白香猪不同杂交组合后代生长发育指标的测定

试验选用贵州白香猪作为母本,分别以大约克猪、杜洛克猪、长白猪作为父本进行杂交组合试验,测定了3个杂交组合F1代及对照组香猪的初生重、20日龄重及2～6月龄的生长发育指标。结果表明,初生重为杜×香大×香长×香香猪,长×香组与对照组香猪间差异不显著(P0.05);20日龄重为杜×香大×香长×香香猪。生长发育各指标间差异显著,并且随着月龄增加各试验组间生长发育显著性增大,除2月龄体长为杜×香大×香长×香香猪、3月龄体重,体长、胸围、腹围指标及5月龄体高、体长指标为大×香长×香杜×香香猪外,其余月龄生长发育各指标为大×香杜×香长×香香猪。     

Cloning of Inhibin-α Gene and its mRNA Expression Pattern in the Ovary of Congjiang Xiang Pig

To reveal the relationship between inhibin-α(INHA) gene and the reproductive traits of Congjiang Xiang pig, INHA gene was cloned and sequenced taking the genomic DNA of Congjiang Xiang pigs as templates by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) method.The polymorphisms of INHA gene were tested in Congjiang Xiang pig populations with high-litter size and low-litter size using allele-specific PCR(AS-PCR) method.The expression profile of INHA gene in ovaries was detected from Congjiang Xiang pigs with high-litter yiled or low-litter yiled by Real-time PCR method.The complete coding region of INHA gene was 1095 bp in length, which coded for 364 amino acid residues.Compared with the known sequence, two candidate sites, G359A and A373G, were found out from exon 2 region of INHA gene in Congjiang Xiang pig.After investigation for the two sites in a large population, the frequency of alleles between two populations was not significant and without obvious relativity with the litter yiled of Congjiang Xiang pig.However, the INHA mRNA level in the ovary of Congjiang Xiang pig with high-litter yiled was higher than that with low-litter yiled.It suggested that INHA gene was much conserved, INHA gene expression level might be concerned for the regulation of ovary growth and follicle development in Congjiang Xiang pig breed.     

6个猪品种CD53基因中结构变异SV184分布频率的研究

基于香猪全基因组重测序数据,在白细胞表面抗原CD53基因中筛选到一个结构变异（structure variant,SV）184,为了探索不同猪品种间此结构变异是否存在多态性变化,本试验选择香猪、大白猪、糯谷猪、柯乐猪、江口萝卜猪和荣昌猪作为试验动物,采用PCR方法对猪群中SV184的分布频率进行比较研究,应用RT-PCR技术,分析CD53基因的原初转录本序列结构,研究SV184对CD53基因的转录是否有直接影响。结果显示,6个猪品种中SV184的分布频率存在明显差异,香猪以VN基因型为主,其他5个猪品种是NN基因型占优势;计算两种等位基因的频率,香猪以缺失的V等位基因为主,其他5个猪品种以正常的N等位基因为主。选择3种基因型个体的血液样本,逆转录后分析CD53基因的原初转录本的序列,从中检测到缺失型和不缺失的两种转录本形式,提示SV184对CD53基因的转录无直接影响。SV184可作为分子标记用于区分香猪和其他猪品种。