生猪宰后内脏检验和常见病判定

1胃、肠、脾的检查一般在开膛后把胃肠拉出腹腔外检查。首先视检胃肠黏膜及肠系膜,检查胃肠表面有无细颈囊尾蚴,然后用手提起盲肠头,检查回、盲、结肠黏膜有无出血、充血、溃疡、糜烂、水肿、坏死灶、痈肿。剖检肠系膜淋巴结,注意有无肠炭疽及结核。检查脾脏时,用左手提取脾脏,视形态、大小、色泽,观察脾头、脾尾边缘有无坏死、梗死和出血,触检其弹性和硬度,判断其性质(坚硬、柔软、脆弱)及有无病灶。必要时剥离网膜,剖检脾门淋巴结和脾髓。常见病的判定:①猪瘟:肠系膜淋巴结外观色泽呈红色或暗红色,形似黑枣,剖检可见切面呈大理石样。慢性…     

畜禽疫病实验室的常规检验方法

1 尸体 剖检剥皮检查，检查皮下脂肪的量和性状，皮下脂肪组织于干燥或湿润的程度，有无出血，水肿及脓性浸润，肌肉发育状态，色泽，血液凝固性状，体表淋巴结性状等变化情况。 腹腔内脏检查，查看腹腔液的量和性状，腹膜是否光滑，有无充血，淤血，出血，破裂，脓肿，粘连，肿瘤和寄生虫。腹腔内脏位置是否正常，肠管有无变位，破裂。膈的紧张程度及有无破裂，大网膜脂肪的含量，前肠系膜动脉根有无寄生性动脉瘤等。     

几种肉品实验室快速检验方法的实践

肉品检验主要依靠感官检查、剖检淋巴结进行判定。感官检查 ,剖检淋巴结要依靠个人技术凭经验定性。为了提高动物检疫的科技含量 ,从而准确确定肉品是否合格 ,让老百姓真正吃上“放心肉” ,有时需要借助实验室检验加以判定 ,以做到动物产品检疫的快速、准确。１ＰＨ值的测定１．１材料精密ｐＨ试纸条 ,标准色谱 ,被检肉样。１．２原理新鲜肉的ｐＨ值初宰时为７．２ ,继而维持在５．９～６．４之间。ｐＨ值偏高或偏低均可怀疑为不正常的肉品。１．３检验方法将 ｐＨ试纸条迅速贴附在被检测肉样上 ,５ｓ后与标准色谱比色 ,确定ｐＨ值范围。１…     

蛋鸭疑似坏死性肠炎病的治疗方法

蛋鸭疑似坏死性肠炎病的治疗方法１９９４年８月绍兴某种鸭场发生一起以小肠充满气体，肠浆膜和粘膜发炎为特症的疾病。后经临床剖检、实验室检验及治疗效果分析，诊断为由魏氏梭菌引起的鸭坏死性肠炎。现将情况报告如下：１．临床症状及剖检变化该场饲养绍兴麻鸭种鸭８０...     

生猪宰后内脏病变及相关疾病的判定

在日常生猪宰后的检验过程中,剖检主要淋巴结和肌肉组织并结合皮肤、内脏病理变化的检查是判定胴体合格与否的主要手段。其中,内脏检验是肉品卫生质量检验必不可少的一个重要环节。不同的疫病对淋巴结、内脏的侵害程度也有所不同。因此每一种传染病都有其不同的皮肤、淋巴结以及内脏器官所表现出的“指针性病变”。     

生猪宰后内脏病变及相关疾病的判定

在日常生猪宰后的检验过程中,剖检主要淋巴结和肌肉组织并结合皮肤、内脏病理变化的检查是判定胴体合格与否的主要手段。其中,内脏检验是肉品卫生质量检验必不可少的一个重要环节。不同的疫病对淋巴结、内脏的侵害程度也有所不同。因此每一种传染病都有其不     

浅议家禽屠宰工艺与宰后检验

我国传统的家禽屠宰加工工艺,按是否开膛及内脏清除程度通常分为不净膛、半净膛和全净膛。笔者对此提出一些参考意见。一、净膛方法与肉食卫生的关系家禽的宰后检验主要凭感官检查表皮及其内脏(以肝、肠、胃、脾及卵巢为重点)。凡不净膛者,由于看不到内脏,检验形同虚设。对半净膛者,按“四部规程”第20条要求,需用开张器和照明光源从肛门处对体腔及保留脏器进行窥检,这一步操作较困难,且不全面检查。按“四部规程”49到56条所列的禽病,病变的内脏销毁,     

剖检淋巴结在生猪宰后检验中的重要性

猪的宰后检验是兽医卫生检验中最重要的环节，是保证肉品卫生质量和消费者食用安全的关键环节，宰后检验对实施“放心肉”工程起着举足轻重的作用。猪的宰后检验是在高速流水作业的条件下进行的，因此要求检验人员必须在瞬间对屠畜的内脏、胴体是否有病及可食性做出明确的判定，并给予合理的卫生处理意见。那么检验人员在屠宰生产线上如何又快又准确地做出判定，并加以处理呢?在生产实践中，常以剖检淋巴结作为判断胴体是否合格的依据，因为淋巴结是最能反映机体病理状态的器官。     

屠宰生猪的心，肝，肺检验初探

宰后检验是整个肉品卫生检验工作中的重要环节，是宰前检疫的继续和补充。“四部”制定的《肉品卫生检验试行规程》和国家国内贸易局制定的《肉品品质检验规程》都明确规定必须进行心、肝、肺检验，它是宰后检验的重要组成部分和主要着眼点之一。这些卖质器官的检验可以作为我们综合判检的主要依据。另外，我国广大人民群众比较喜食内脏器官，这更要求我们对心、肝、肺进行严格的检验，防止食肉中毒，防止畜禽疫病传播，防止人畜共患传染病。１　心脏ｌ．１心脏检验　四部规程规定“检查心包及心肌并沿动脉管剖检心室及心内膜，同时注意血液…     

市售禽肉胴体感官检验方法

市场上出售的禽肉胴体有全净膛、半净膛、不净膛之分。在宰杀拔毛后即刻上市出售的是鲜禽肉。还有在屠宰拨毛净膛后，再经过浸洗、冷却、分割、包装、冷冻之后延期上市的是冻禽肉。禽类淋巴系统组织结构特殊，鸡没有淋巴结，所以无论是检验肉体还是内脏，都不剖检淋巴结。由于屠宰加工方式的不同（全净膛、半净膛和不净膛），品种、年龄、公母及来源用途（蛋鸡、肉鸡）的差异，其检验的方法、步骤和内容也就有所不同，一般是凭感官检验胴体的外表和内脏有无病理变化作出判断，并且根据上市的数量，采取全部观察，重点检验的方法，对全面观察…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.