火炬松引种家系在赣北地区的生长分析

本研究通过对营建于赣北地区的火炬松引种家系子代测定林4年生时的树高、胸径和材积生长进行调查分析,结果表明：火炬松引种家系总体保存情况完好,平均保存率达到了91.11%;火炬松引种家系生长良好,平均树高3.9 m、平均胸径6.6 cm、平均材积0.0072 m³;火炬松引种家系在树高、胸径和材积生长性状上均表现出极显著差异。通过ASReml软件估算的火炬松树高的家系遗传力和单株遗传力分别为0.7151±0.1150和0.5054±0.2290,胸径的家系遗传力和单株遗传力分别为0.6820±0.1284和0.4373±0.2124,单株材积的家系遗传力和单株遗传力分别为0.7189±0.1136和0.4919±0.2224。据BLUP估计的参试火炬松家系性状育种值进行估计和排名,确定12号和13号家系为最优家系,平均树高遗传增益为7.72%,平均胸径遗传增益为10.43%,平均材积遗传增益为26.49%。     

3年生灰木莲不同种源、家系子代测定试验初报

为了比较不同种源家系的早期生长差异,以灰木莲3个种源45个家系为材料进行造林试验,连续观测3年林木生长量(树高和胸径)、保存率,并对不同种源和家系的林木生长和保存率进行多重比较分析。结果表明:3 a生灰木莲树高平均为3.5 m,胸径平均为5.50 cm,保存率可达80%。种源间的树高和保存率方面差异不显著,胸径生长有着显著差异,家系间的树高、胸径及保存率有着显著差异。从种源水平来看,种源3的整体表现较好,从家系水平来看,家系18号、14号、17号、21号、25号、39号、43号、44号生长表现较好。     

不同家系交趾黄檀引种试验初报

在福建省诏安国有防护林场引种不同种源(家系)的交趾黄檀,造林2年后通过对其胸径、树高和存活率指标测定分析,结果表明:交趾黄檀不同种源(家系)间幼树生长差异达显著或极显著水平,造林2年后,平均胸径为2.92～6.19 cm,平均树高为2.78～4.79 m;而保存率差异不明显,为93.3%～100%。经综合评判,初步选出初期生长表现较好的2个优质种源和7个优质家系。     

澳大利亚巨桉种源试验初报

澳大利亚巨桉是一种速生高产、生产周期短的造纸工业原料林树种。从澳大利亚引进巨桉 32个种源、139个家系种子进行试验 ,造林成活率达 96 4% ,4年生保存率达 89% ,平均树高 12 6 9m ,平均胸径 12 8cm ,最好单株树高 2 0 6m ,胸径2 1 4cm。 32个种源中 31个年均高生长超 3m ,30个种源年平均胸径生长超 3cm。 139个家系中 134个家系平均高生长超3m ,占总家系的 96 4% ,133个家系年均胸径生长超 3cm ,占总家系的 95 7%。     

不同树龄、种源尾叶桉的开花结实情况调查

对第1代引种尾叶桉种源家系试验及在第1代种源家系试验基础上遗传选优建立的第2代尾叶桉实生种子园的开花结实信息做了总结。第1代和第2代尾叶桉种源家系试验均显示,引种后尾叶桉花期与原产地花期有很大的差异,这可能是地理变异和气象条件差异的结果。引种后尾叶桉果实成熟期也存在较大的变异。     

乐东拟单性木兰种源和家系种子苗木培育试验

乐东拟单性木兰是优良的园林绿化和珍贵用材树种。2006年10月,收集湖南长沙12个和江西7个优良单株（家系）种子进行苗木培育试验。结果表明：乐东拟单性木兰种子千粒重在84．75～187．10g之间,平均千粒重为132．1g,湘10最重。始发天数在18～87d之间,平均始发天数为27d,以湘11最长,赣1、赣3和赣6最短。场圃发芽率在43．6％～75．6％之间,平均场圃发芽率为56．16％,湘2最高,赣5最低,最高家系比最低家系的场圃发芽率高73．4％。出苗期在84～136d之间,平均出苗期为113d,湘11最长,湘8最短,最长家系出苗期比最短的多52d。苗木保存率在69．23％～93．60％之间,平均保存率86．22％,湘7最高,赣4和赣6最低;湘种源家系保存率86％,赣种源家系保存率74．29％。苗高生长家系间及重复间差异均达极显著水平,平均苗木高14．5cm,高生长在10．8～19．5cm之间,以湘7最高,达19．5cm,其次是湘9和湘4,赣种源家系平均苗高为11．2cm,湘种源家系平均苗高比赣种源高36．6％。千粒重与苗高、发芽率及保存率呈负相关。     

27个引进火炬松家系在余杭生长特性的比较分析

将1997年引进5个种源27个火炬松(Pinus taeda)家系,在杭州市余杭区长乐林场育苗并种植。2015年在其19年生时对生长性状和形体性状进行测定并进行比较分析。结果表明,19年生火炬松生长性状的差异主要体现在不同种源之间,种源内家系间差异不显著;各生长性状、形体性状间均无负相关,家系之间各形体性状的值差异不显著;各生长性状以本地驯化选育的火炬松混合种(PTA)及引种种源TX(源自德克萨斯)表现最好,其中以TX种源中的TX2和TX3A二个家系生长表现最佳,单株材积分别超过PTA的4.7%和11.6%,可以作为优良遗传资源引种本地,其它种源表现一般,各生长性状显著低于PTA。     

福建柏优良家系测定及初步选择

为选择更好的福建柏育种群体,对22个家系(其中20个选自福建柏种源试验林中的优良单株,2个为本场家系)开展福建柏优良家系子代测定试验,连续8年对生长和保存率进行观测,并进行差异分析,采用综合分析法选择优良家系子代。结果表明:8年生福建柏的平均树高为7.88m,平均胸径为11.08cm,平均材积为0.0346m^3,且20个引种家系的树高、胸径、材积均与2个当地家系存在显著差异。共筛选出5个优良家系,分别为家系10、16、13、1、8。筛选出的优良家系树高均值为8.14m,比群体均值大3.3%,胸径均值为11.64,比群体均值大5.05%,材积均值为0.0387,比群体均值大11.85%。可为福建柏引种种植提供一定的理论参考。     

14年生火炬松优良家系选择

在福建省漳平五一国有林场,对美国引进的火炬松第1代种子园25个家系试验林进行测定,以湿地松、马尾松为对照。结果表明:火炬松早期生长较易感染松针褐斑病,保存率较低;14年生火炬松家系总体生长优于湿地松、低于马尾松;各家系在树高、胸径和材积等性状上有着显著差异;综合各性状共选择出4个优良家系(21、9、18、13号),14年生树高、胸径和单株材积的平均值分别为12.6 m、20.4 cm、0.1981 m3,比湿地松增长9.2%、25.9%、71.1%,遗传增益达8.9%、24.7%、67.9%。     

火炬松第三代半同胞家系与火炬松×加勒比松全同胞家 系遗传变异分析

试验以火炬松（Pinus taeda）第三代半同胞家系及火加松（火炬松 × 加勒比松 P. taeda × P.caribaea）全同胞家系作为研究对象,参试家系共 20 个,其中 9 个为火炬松第三代半同胞家系 , 11 个 为火加松全同胞家系,另以来自台山市红岭种子园改良代湿地松（P. elliottii）种子园混合种子为对照 （CK1）,分析了 2 a 和 5 a 生长性状差异。结果表明：（1）火炬松第三代半同胞家系及火加松全同胞家系 的各生长性状与作为对照的湿地松相比均具有明显优势;（2）火炬松第三代半同胞家系及火加松全同胞 家系各项生长性状之间差异不显著;（3）以 5 a 平均材积为指标,对 20 个家系进行了优良家系选择,入 选家系分别为 09-15、 09-9、 44-12-5 和 26- Ⅲ -4。     

Early tree growth, crop yields and estimated returns for an agroforestry trial in Goldsboro, North Carolina

A 17 acre (6.9?ha) agroforestry research and extension alley cropping trial was established at the Center for Environmental Farming Systems in Goldsboro, North Carolina in January 2007, with a randomized block design with five replications. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda) were planted in staggered rows, with each species planted for 140?ft (43?m) per replication. Crop land alleys of 40?ft or 80?ft (12.2–24.4?m) wide were left between the tree rows. Crops of soybeans (Glycine max) and corn (Zea mays) were planted in alternating years since establishment. As of 2011, survival rates were 93% for cherrybark oak, 88% for longleaf pine and 97% for loblolly pine. Average tree diameter at ground level was 1.0?in (2.5?cm) for cherrybark oak, 2.1?in (5.3?cm) for longleaf and 3.2?in (8.1?cm) for loblolly. Heights averaged 4.6?ft (1.4?m) for cherrybark oak, 5.2?ft (1.6?m) for longleaf pine and 10.4?ft (3.2?m) for loblolly pine. Growth, yield and economic projections for traditional timber production indicated that species volumes and values tracked the height and diameter relationships measured on the site. Loblolly pine had the largest projected internal rate of return, at 7.2%, followed by longleaf pine with pine straw harvests at 5.5%, longleaf without pine straw at 3.5% and cherrybark oak at 1.9%. There might be more loss in crop and silvopasture production with loblolly, however, and production of pine straw for longleaf or game mast for cherrybark oak may offer other benefits. Crop yields on the sandy soils on the site were very poor during the 4?years observed, which had a series of droughts and floods. These led to net financial losses in those years for the demonstration site, but state-wide average farm budget returns did show moderate profits. The results support the merits of agroforestry systems in the upper South to diversify income and reduce financial risks.     

马尾松抗松材线虫病候选无性系的抗病性测定

为筛选抗松材线虫病强的马尾松无性系,以前期筛选获得的抗松材线虫病强的马尾松实生苗为接穗,使用湿地松作为砧木培育嫁接苗,开展无性系2次接种松材线虫抗病性测定。结果表明:使用湿地松作为砧木培育马尾松抗性无性系苗木,经过对马尾松无性系嫁接苗2次接种松材线虫测定,获得健全率较火炬松高的无性系。抗病性第1次、第2次测定的健全率超过火炬松的合格无性系分别为77.7%、66.2%,平均健全率分别为81.4%、94.5%,对照树种火炬松平均健全率分别为61.3%和82.1%,获得的无性系抗病性显著提高。为了减小误差,应该选用嫁接成活苗数量相对多的无性系间进行抗病性强弱次序评价。采用了10株以上无性系间抗病性强弱次序评价进行对照,减少了抗性强弱无性系两极分化,抗性能力中等的无性系相应增多,在选拔植株营建抗性种子园过程中应给予重视,尽量选择接种测定数量较多的高抗无性系。     

湿地松、火炬松扦插繁殖技术研究*

对影响湿地松、火炬松扦插生根的基质、生根剂及浓度、插穗状况、扦插季节、扦插方式 、扦插后管理等因子进行了研究。较佳的扦插技术组合为：用砂性土作基质，在冬季或早春采集当年生半木质化的基部萌条，湿地松用生根剂１号低浓度，火炬松用生根剂１号或２号中等浓度浸泡１５ｈ，插后保温保湿并定期喷洒营养液，生根率可达９５％以上，温室扦插苗在５月上旬以前移入大田，当年生扦插苗高达３３－４４ｃｍ，主侧根发达，可出圈造林     

2种国外松与马尾松生长比较

通过对福建闽侯南屿林场火炬松、湿地松及马尾松家系子代测定林连续10 a的跟踪调查分析表明,火炬松家系不仅在胸径、树高及材积上存在极显著差异,而且与湿地松、马尾松的生长量也存在极显著差异;火炬松早期生长明显优于马尾松,但是随着树龄增长,马尾松生长速度明显加快,7年生时生长量超过火炬松家系平均生长量,10年生时超过火炬松最好家系生长量;湿地松生长趋势与火炬松相似,即前期生长比马尾松快,后期生长落后于马尾松,但湿地松早期生长稍落后于火炬松,后期生长优于火炬松。     

Fertilization,weed control,and pine litter influence loblolly pine stem productivity and root development

Following site preparation, three cultural treatments and three open-pollinated loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) families were studied on a gently sloping Beauregard silt loam in central Louisiana. The treatments were: (1) fertilization (either broadcast application of 177 kg N and 151 kg P/ha or none); (2) herbicide application (either broadcast application of herbicides during the first through third growing seasons, and felling of a few, scattered volunteer hardwood trees greater than 2.5 cm dbh during the third growing season or none); and (3) litter application (either broadcast application of 37 Mg/ha (oven-dried weight) of pine straw over the plots to form a 10 to 15 cm layer or none). The subplot treatment was planting stock, where in November 1988, 28-week-old container-grown loblolly pine seedlings from three open-pollinated families were randomly assigned to planting locations. Through five growing seasons, fertilization and weed control with herbicides resulted in the greatest loblolly pine productivity, but the use of herbicides severely reduced other vegetation. Applying litter, which was less effective than herbicides as a weed control treatment, increased the presence of blackberry (Rubus spp.) when herbicides were not applied. Applying litter resulted in a decrease and fertilization resulted in an increase in the number and length of live lateral roots. Soil temperature was reduced by litter application. Treatment responses were not influenced by loblolly pine family.     

Loblolly pine and slash pine responses to acute aluminum and acid exposures

In response to concerns about aluminum and HCl exposure associated with rocket motor testing and launches, survival and growth of full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) were evaluated in a nursery bed experiment. Each species was exposed to a single soil application of aluminum chloride (0.33 M AlCl(3), pH 2.5), hydrochloric acid (0.39 M HCl, pH 0.6) or water, with or without mycorrhizal inoculation with Pisolithus tinctorius (Coker and Couch). After 20 weeks without inoculation, survival in AlCl(3) and HCl treatments averaged 52% for loblolly pine and 72% for slash pine. Inoculation improved survival of loblolly pine, receiving HCl from 49 to 73%, and of those receiving AlCl3, from 55 to 90%. Inoculation also resulted in improved survival and growth of individual families in AlCl(3), but not in HCl treatments. Results illustrate the relative resistance of both pine species to the acute treatments supplied, the improvement in resistance associated with mycorrhizal inoculation and the importance of field testing, following hydroponic screening, to verify the resistance to soil-supplied stresses.     

火炬松与马尾松混交造林效果分析

对福建省宁化县20年生的火炬松与马尾松混交试验林的生长量进行调查分析,结果表明:在相同立地因子和相同经营措施条件下,火炬松与马尾松混交林的生长量与火炬松纯林、马尾松纯林的生长量间具有极显著差异。在不同混交方法中,以带状混交林的生长量最大,林分总蓄积量达166.023 m3.hm-2;块状混交林次之;株间混交林最小。在不同混交比例中,以火炬松∶马尾松=8∶2混交林和火炬松纯林的生长量较高,林分总蓄积量分别达164.277 m3.hm-2和161.217 m3.hm-2,马尾松纯林的生长量最小。     

增加林木的纤维素生产和转基因树的生长(英文)

纤维素是植物组成中的重要多聚物。纤维素也是重要的工业原料和可再生的能源物质。利用转基因技术可以降低林木中木质素含量并增加纤维素含量。木质素合成酶基因4-CL是一个重要的和木材再生有关的基因。在我们的研究中,将利用反义表达方法降低木质素含量,增加纤维素含量。研究包括:D4-CL基因的分离;转基因植物的生产;纤维素和木质素含量分析;中试。参69。     

Aluminum sensitivity of loblolly pine and slash pine seedlings grown in solution culture

To probe variation in Al sensitivity of two co-occurring pine species, seedlings from six full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) were grown in solution culture containing 4.4 mM (high-Al) or 0.01 mM (low-Al) AlCl(3) at pH 4 for 58 days. On average, both pine species had 41% less total dry weight in the high-Al treatment than in the low-Al treatment. Stem volume growth of slash pine was more sensitive to the high-Al treatment than that of loblolly pine. In both species, the high-Al treatment inhibited root dry weight more than shoot dry weight. Within-species variation in Al sensitivity among families was greater in loblolly pine (24 to 52% inhibition of seedling dry weight) than in slash pine (35 to 47% inhibition of seedling dry weight). Foliar Al concentration was positively correlated with Al sensitivity in slash pine but not in loblolly pine; however, in both species, the concentration of Al in roots was 20-fold greater than in foliage.