Effects of supplemental humic substances on growth performance, blood characteristics and meat quality in finishing pigs

A total of forty-eight finishing pigs were used to determine the effects of humic substances (HS) on growth performance, blood characteristics, and meat quality. The finishing pigs were assigned randomly by weight to three treatments. The dietary treatments included: 1) Control (CON; basal diet), 2) HS1 (basal diet + 5% humic substances) and 3) HS2 (basal diet + 10% humic substances). Results of the whole experimental period showed that addition of 10% HS to the diet, significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) and gain/feed (G:F) (P < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, the relative lymphocyte counts (% of total white blood cells) of pigs fed HS2 diet were higher (P < 0.05) than that of pigs fed CON diet. The Minolta color parameter a of pigs fed HS2 was similar to that of pigs fed HS1, however, it was higher (P < 0.05) than that of pigs fed CON diet. The inclusion of either 5% or 10% HS significantly decreased backfat thickness (P < 0.05). The marbling score was increased significantly (P < 0.05) when diets were supplemented with HS at a level of 10%. The results of this study suggest that HS might be utilized as a feed additive in the diet. It could improve growth performance, relative lymphocyte counts and meat quality.     

日粮添加马铃薯粉对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响

本研究旨在评估非常规饲料资源马铃薯粉在育肥猪上的应用,研究其对猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响.试验将450头体重一致的育肥猪随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只.对照组饲喂基础日粮,两个处理组分别饲喂马铃薯粉添加水平为10％和20％的日粮,试验为期56?d.结果:与对照组相比,10％马铃薯粉组29～56?d及...     

Effects of humic substances supplementation provided through drinking water on performance,carcass traits and meat quality of broilers

The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of different doses of humic substances (HS) in waterer pan on broiler performances and meat quality. For the trial, 480 chicks (ROSS 308) were allocated into four groups (HS0, HS150, HS300 and HS450) of 120 equally mixed‐sex birds, each receiving a drinking water supplemented with 0, 150, 300 and 450 ppm of a humic acid (provided by 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% of HS, v/v) respectively. At the age of 21 and 42 days, feed consumption and live weight were taken. At the age of 42 days, 16 birds per treatment were slaughtered, dressing percentages, digestive tract traits were evaluated and samples of breast (pectoralis major) and thigh (iliotibialis) meat were taken to evaluate the changes in colour characteristics (CIE L*, a* and b*) and chemical composition. The body weight gain increased by the HS300 in relation to the HS0 and HS450, and decreased by the HS450 in relation to the HS0. The feed consumption of birds in the HS450 and feed efficiency of birds in the HS300 were lower and higher than those in the other treatments respectively. The carcass weight of broilers in the HS150 and HS300 were higher than those of in the HS0 and HS450. The carcass weight decreased by the HS450 in relation to the other treatments. The dressing percentage increased by the HS150 in relation to the HS450. The HS450 resulted in breast and thigh meat colour that were lighter than those found in the HS0 birds. The HS450 increased fat content of thigh meat in relation to the HS0. It was concluded that the humic acid supplementation at 300 ppm and 450 ppm appears to have a measurable impact on live performance improving feed efficiency and lightness of breast and thigh meat colours in broilers respectively.     

甜菜碱对育肥猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质的影响

试验选用体重70 kg左右、日龄相近、体质良好的杜长大三元杂交猪45头,采用单因子随机设计,分为对照组、试验1、2、3、4组,每组3个重复,分别饲喂添加0、500、1000、1500、2000 mg/kg甜菜碱的日粮,试验期30 d,研究甜菜碱对肥育猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验2、3、4组日均采食量、日增重、屠宰率、瘦肉率、肉色评分、大理石评分显著提高(P<0.05),背膘厚度显著降低(P<0.05),试验1组各项指标有所改善,但效果不显著(P>0.05),本试验表明,饲料中添加甜菜碱可提高育肥猪生长性能,改善胴体品质和肉品质,其中添加1500、2000 mg/kg的甜菜碱效果较为理想。     

喹赛多对山羊生长性能及胴体品质的影响

60只3月龄左右杂交山羊,随机分为6组,空白对照组饲料不添加任何药物,药物对照组饲料添加50 mg/kg喹乙醇,4个试验组饲料中分别添加25、50、150和250 mg/kg喹赛多,试验期90 d.结果表明喹赛多25、50和150mg/kg能改善山羊平均日增重(ADG)4.4%、14.5%和7.2%,提高饲料转化率(FCR)5.9%、12.0%和7.4%.喹赛多250 mg/kg提高FCR 8.6%,但降低ADG 2.1%.喹赛多50 mg/kg组ADG和FCR均高于喹乙醇组.喹赛多50 mg/kg降低山羊腹泻频率39.0%,但随剂量增加,其抗腹泻作用下降.喹赛多25、50、150和250 mg/kg能提高山羊屠宰率2.5%、9.0%、5.0%和1.0%,增加眼肌面积4.8%、34.1%、16.1%和14.0%.喹赛多50 mg/kg组山羊净肉率提高14.0%,高于其他各组.喹赛多各剂量均能显著增高肌肉pH值,平均降低滴水损失值13.7%.可见,喹赛多适宜剂量,尤其50 mg/kg,有较好的促进山羊生长和改善胴体品质的作用.     

生长獭兔日粮中添加菊花对其生长性能、肉质性状和经济效益的影响

为了研究中草药菊花在生长獭兔上的应用效果,选取体重相似、身体健康的40日龄獭兔56只,随机分为4组,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+1%菊花、基础日粮+2%菊花和基础日粮+3%菊花。试验结束时分别对其生长性能、肉质性状和经济效益进行了分析。结果表明:生长獭兔中添加菊花各试验组平均日增重,分别比对照组提高15.8%、31.8%、24.4%,差异显著(P<0.05);平均采食量分别比对照组提高16.62%、20.3%、16.21%,差异显著(P<0.05)菊花有改善肉质颜色的作用,对肌肉pH值、嫩度亦有改善的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);饲料中添加菊花能够显著提高经济效益。结论:菊花营养价值丰富兼有药物功效,可作为生长獭兔的良好添加物,结合生长性能、肉质性状和经济效益多方面因素,本研究认为2%添加水平最为适宜。     

Effects of dietary energy on growth performance,carcass characteristics,serum biochemical index,and meat quality of female Hu lambs

This study evaluated the effects of dietary energy levels on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and serum biochemical of female Hu lambs. Seventy female Hu lambs (aged 4 months) were randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments. Lambs were fed diets with 5 levels of metabolizable energy (ME): 9.17 (E1), 9.59 (E2), 10.00 (E3), 10.41 (E4), and 10.82 MJ/kg (E5). The lambs were adapted to the experimental diets for 10 d and the experiment period lasted for 60 d. Dry matter intake and feed conversion ratio linearly (P < 0.001) increased and decreased (P < 0.001), respectively, with increasing dietary ME levels. Average daily gain (ADG) linearly (P < 0.001) increased with increasing dietary ME levels, with the highest final body weight (P = 0.041) observed in E4 group. Moreover, dietary energy level was associated with linear increases in serum total protein (TP) (P < 0.001), albumin (ALB) (P = 0.017), glucose (GLU) (P = 0.004), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) (P = 0.006) concentrations, and it was associated with a quadratic decrease in serum triglyceride (TG) concentration (P = 0.002). Serum ammonia concentration, which was firstly decreased and then increased, was quadratically affected by dietary ME levels (P = 0.013). Compared with E1 group, lambs in E4 group had higher (P < 0.05) live weights, carcass weights, mesenteric fat ratio, non-carcass fat ratio, and larger loin muscle area, but lower (P < 0.05) meat colour a∗ and b∗ values, and lesser (P < 0.05) C17:0, C20:0, C18:1n-9t, C18:3n-3, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), but greater (P < 0.05) C18:3n-6 and n-6:n-3 ratios in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle tissue, and lesser (P < 0.05) C17:0, C18:3n-3, C22:6n-3, and n-3 PUFA in the biceps femoris (BF) muscle tissue. The results demonstrated that increasing dietary energy level improved the growth performance and affected carcass traits, serum biochemical indexes, and fatty acid profiles in different muscles of female Hu lambs. For 4-month-old female Hu lambs, the recommended fattening energy level is 10.41 MJ/kg.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of selenium and iodine on growth performance,carcass characteristics and histology of thyroid gland in goats

This study assessed the effects of dietary selenium (Se), iodine (I) and a combination of both on growth performance, thyroid gland activity, carcass characteristics and the concentration of iodine and selenium in Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle in goats. Twenty‐four bucks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: control (CON), basal diet without supplementation, basal diet + 0.6 mg Se/kg dry matter (DM) (SS), 0.6 mg I/kg DM (IP), or combination of 0.6 mg/kg DM Se and 0.6 mg/kg DM I (SSIP) and fed for 100 days. Animals fed diet SSIP exhibited higher (P < 0.05) body weight and better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those fed other diets. Dressing percentage of goats fed the supplemented diets was higher (P < 0.05) than that of the control. Carcasses from the IP group had higher (P < 0.05) total fat proportion than the SSIP group. The levels of both elements were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in LL muscle in supplemented goats. Thyroid follicular epithelial cells of IP and SSIP animals were significantly higher than those of CON and SS groups. The study demonstrated that the combined Se and I dietary supplementation improves growth performance, carcass dressing percentage and increases the retention of Se and I in goat meat.     

Effects of dietary energy density and lysine:calorie ratio on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

We conducted two experiments to evaluate the effects of dietary energy density and lysine:calorie ratio on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing and finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 80 crossbred barrows (initially 44.5 kg) were fed a control diet or diets containing 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, or 6.0% choice white grease (CWG). All diets contained 3.2 and 2.47 g of lysine/Mcal ME during growing (44.5 to 73 kg) and finishing (73 to 104 kg), respectively. Increasing energy density did not affect overall ADG; however, ADFI decreased and feed efficiency (Gain:feed ratio; G:F) increased (linear, P < .01). Increasing energy density decreased and then increased (quadratic, P < .06) skinned fat depth and lean percentage. In Exp. 2, 120 crossbred gilts (initially 29.2 kg) were used to determine the effects of increasing levels of CWG and lysine:calorie ratio fed during the growing phase on growth performance and subsequent finishing growth. Pigs were fed increasing energy density (3.31, 3.44, or 3.57 Mcal ME/kg) and lysine:calorie ratio (2.75, 3.10, 3.45, or 3.80 g lysine/Mcal ME). No energy density x lysine:calorie ratio interactions were observed (P > .10). Increasing energy density increased ADG and G:F and decreased ADFI of pigs from 29.5 to 72.6 kg (linear, P < .05). Increasing lysine:calorie ratio increased ADG and ADFI (linear, P < .01 and .07, respectively) but had no effect on G:F. From 72.6 to 90.7 kg, all pigs were fed the same diet containing .90% lysine and 2.72 g lysine/Mcal ME. Pigs previously fed with increasing lysine:calorie ratio had decreased (linear, P < .02) ADG and G:F. Also, pigs previously fed increasing CWG had decreased (linear, P < .03) ADG and ADFI. From 90.7 to 107 kg when all pigs were fed a diet containing .70% lysine and 2.1 g lysine/Mcal ME, growth performance was not affected by previous dietary treatment. Carcass characteristics were not affected by CWG or lysine:calorie ratio fed from 29.5 to 72.6 kg. Increasing the dietary energy density and lysine:calorie ratio improved ADG and G:F of growing pigs; however, pigs fed a low-energy diet or a low lysine:calorie ratio from 29 to 72 kg had compensatory growth from 72 to 90 kg.     

Effects of dietary fat on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs reared in a commercial environment.

We conducted two experiments to evaluate the effects of added choice white grease on performance and carcass merit of barrows and gilts reared under commercial conditions. Pigs were housed either 20 (Exp. 1) or 25 (Exp. 2) per pen and were provided 0.67 m2 of pen space per pig. Diets were based on corn and soybean meal and fed in a meal form. The proportion of soybean meal was increased in diets with added fat to maintain the same calorie:lysine ratio in all diets within a weight phase. In Exp. 1, 480 pigs were fed diets with 0, 2, 4, or 6% fat. Total lysine contents of the control diets were 1.21, 0.88, and 0.66% during the weight phases 36 to 59, 59 to 93, and 93 to 120 kg, respectively. Gain:feed was increased linearly (P < 0.01) due to fat addition in all weight intervals and over the total experiment. The effect of added fat on ADG was not consistent among the weight phases; a linear (P < 0.01) improvement was found from 36 to 59 kg, but no effect was found during the heavier weight phases. Over the total experiment, however, ADG was improved (P < 0.01) linearly. Carcass traits were not affected by treatment. Experiment 2 used 900 pigs to evaluate possible carryover effects on performance and carcass merit from feeding 6% fat. The experiment was divided into four phases: 25 to 45, 45 to 70, 70 to 90, and 90 to 115 kg; lysine contents of the control diets fed in each phase were 1.23, 1.05, 0.81, and 0.63%, respectively. The six treatments consisted of no added fat throughout the experiment or 6% added fat fed from 25 to 45 kg, 25 to 70 kg, 25 to 90 kg, 25 to 115 kg, or 45 to 70 and 90 to 115 kg. Carryover effects for ADG and G:F (P < 0.07) were found for the 90- to 115-kg interval and for ADFI and ME intake (P < 0.05) for the 45- to 70- and 70-to 90-kg intervals. When fat was added in the previous weight interval, ADG and G:F were improved and ADFI and ME intake were decreased in the subsequent weight interval. Pigs fed fat from 25 to 115 kg had more (P < 0.05) backfat and lower (P < 0.05) carcass leanness than pigs on the other treatments. These data suggest that fat can be added or removed from diets of growing-finishing pigs without any detrimental carryover effects. In fact, the positive carryover effect on ADG and G:F from 95 to 115 kg suggests that feeding fat from 25 to 95 kg will maximize performance over the total growing-finishing period but minimize any detrimental effects of added fat on carcass leanness.     

Effects of dietary wheat middlings, distillers dried grains with solubles, and choice white grease on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass fat quality of finishing pigs

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of adding combinations of wheat middlings (midds), distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and choice white grease (CWG) to growing-finishing pig diets on growth, carcass traits, and carcass fat quality. In Exp. 1, 288 pigs (average initial BW = 46.6 kg) were used in an 84-d experiment with pens of pigs randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments with 8 pigs per pen and 9 pens per treatment. Treatments included a corn-soybean meal-based control, the control with 30% DDGS, the DDGS diet with 10% midds, or the DDGS diet with 20% midds. Diets were fed in 4 phases and formulated to constant standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys:ME ratios within each phase. Overall (d 0 to 84), pigs fed diets containing increasing midds had decreased (linear, P ≤ 0.02) ADG and G:F, but ADFI was not affected. Feeding 30% DDGS did not influence growth. For carcass traits, increasing midds decreased (linear, P < 0.01) carcass yield and HCW but also decreased (quadratic, P = 0.02) backfat depth and increased (quadratic, P < 0.01) fat-free lean index (FFLI). Feeding 30% DDGS decreased (P = 0.03) carcass yield and backfat depth (P < 0.01) but increased FFLI (P = 0.02) and jowl fat iodine value (P < 0.01). In Exp. 2, 288 pigs (initial BW = 42.3 kg) were used in an 87-d experiment with pens of pigs randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments with 8 pigs per pen and 6 pens per treatment. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with 2 amounts of midds (0 or 20%) and 3 amounts of CWG (0, 2.5, or 5.0%). All diets contained 15% DDGS. Diets were fed in 4 phases and formulated to constant SID Lys:ME ratios in each phase. No CWG × midds interactions were observed. Overall (d 0 to 87), feeding 20% midds decreased (P < 0.01) ADG and G:F. Pigs increasing CWG had improved ADG (quadratic, P = 0.03) and G:F (linear, P < 0.01). Dietary midds or CWG did not affect ADFI. For carcass traits, feeding 20% midds decreased (P < 0.05) carcass yield, HCW, backfat depth, and loin depth but increased (P < 0.01) jowl fat iodine value. Pigs fed CWG had decreased (linear, P < 0.05) FFLI and increased (linear, P < 0.01) jowl fat iodine value. In conclusion, feeding midds reduced pig growth performance, carcass yield, and increased jowl fat iodine value. Although increasing diet energy with CWG can help mitigate negative effects on live performance, CWG did not eliminate negative impacts of midds on carcass yield, HCW, and jowl fat iodine value.     

甘草提取物对肉兔生长性能、胴体性状和肉质的影响

文章旨在评估甘草提取物对肉兔生长性能、胴体性状和肉质的影响.试验将平均初始体重为(764.45±17.54)g的240只肉兔随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只,即对照组和3个处理组分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+3、6和9 g/kg甘草提取物.试验进行到12周后开展相关数据记录与样品测定.结果:3 g/kg甘草提取...     

水产下脚料对肉鸡生长性能、胴体性状及肠道健康的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平的水产下脚料对肉鸡生长性能、胴体性状及肠道健康的影响.试验将504只体重一致的1日龄肉鸡随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复28只.对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组饲喂水产下脚料添加水平为8％和16％的日粮,对照组与处理组日粮的营养水平保持一致,试验为期6周.结果:T1和T2组42?d肉鸡体重、2...     

Impact of dietary energy level and ractopamine on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of finishing pigs

A total of 54 finishing barrows (initial BW = 99.8 ± 5.1 kg; PIC C22 × 337) reared in individual pens were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with 2 levels of ractopamine (0 and 7.4 mg/kg) and 3 levels of dietary energy (high, 3,537; medium, 3,369; and low, 3,317 kcal of ME/kg) to determine the effects of dietary ractopamine and various energy levels on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of finishing pigs. High-energy diets were corn-soybean-meal-based with 4% added fat; medium-energy diets were corn-soybean meal based with 0.5% added fat; and low-energy diets were corn-soybean meal based with 0.5% added fat and 15% wheat middlings. Diets within each ractopamine level were formulated to contain the same standardized ileal digestible Lys:ME (0 mg/kg, 1.82; and 7.4 mg/kg, 2.65 g/Mcal of ME). Individual pig BW and feed disappearance were recorded at the beginning and conclusion (d 21) of the study. On d 21, pigs were slaughtered for determination of carcass characteristics and meat quality. No ractopamine × energy level interactions (P > 0.10) were observed for any response criteria. Final BW (125.2 vs. 121.1 kg), ADG (1.2 vs. 1.0 kg/d), and G:F (0.31 vs. 0.40) were improved (P < 0.001) with feeding of ractopamine diets. Feeding of the low-energy diet reduced (P = 0.001) final BW and ADG compared with the high- and medium-energy diets. Gain:feed was reduced (P = 0.005) when the medium-energy diets were fed compared with the high-energy diets. Additionally, G:F was reduced (P = 0.002) when the low-energy diets were compared with the high- and medium-energy diets. Feeding ractopamine diets increased (P < 0.05) HCW (93.6 vs. 89.9 kg) and LM area (51.2 vs. 44.2 cm(2)). The LM pH decline was reduced (P ≤ 0.05) by feeding ractopamine diets. The feeding of low-energy diets reduced (P = 0.001) HCW when compared with the high- and medium-energy diets and reduced (P = 0.024) 10th-rib backfat when compared with the high- and medium-energy diet. These data indicate that feeding ractopamine diets improved growth performance and carcass characteristics, while having little or no detrimental effect on meat quality. Reductions in energy content of the diet by adding 15% wheat middlings resulted in impaired ADG, G:F, and 10th-rib backfat. There were no ractopamine × energy level interactions in this trial, which indicates that the improvements resulting from feeding ractopamine were present regardless of the dietary energy levels.     

外源添加谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡生长性能和胴体组成的影响

本试验旨在研究不同浓度谷氨酰胺(Gln)对内仔鸡生长性能、胴体特性和肉质的影响.选用1日龄Avian肉仔鸡360羽,随机分成4组,其中1组为对照组,喂基础日粮,另外3组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的谷氨酰胺.每组选取18只鸡于42日龄屠宰取样.测定各项指标.结果表明,与对照组相比,各Gln添加组肉仔鸡采食量和日增重均有所增加,料重比有所下降,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);内仔鸡全净堂率、半净堂率、胸肌率和腿肌率均有所提高,其中1.0%和1.5%Gln组肉仔鸡半净堂率显著提高(P＜0.05),0.5%Gln组腿肌率显著提高(P＜0.05);皮脂厚和肌间脂肪含量有所降低(P＞0.05).表明外源添加谷氨酰胺具有提高肉仔鸡日增重、降低料重比,提高胸肌率和腿肌率,降低脂肪含量,改善肉仔鸡胴体组成的趋势,其中0.5%Gln添加量效果最佳.     

维生素、微量矿物元素对猪生长和胴体品质的影响

养猪生产中,饲料维生素和微量元素通过各种方式影响动物体内蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的合成和代谢,是动物生长和代谢所必需的营养元素。常规饲料原料中,各种维生素和微量矿物元素大部分不能满足猪生长的需要,必须在饲料中添加一定数量的维生素和微量元素添加剂预     

Effects of choice white grease and soybean oil on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass fat quality of growing-finishing pigs

A total of 144 barrows and gilts (initial BW = 44 kg) were used in an 82-d experiment to evaluate the effects of dietary fat source and duration of feeding fat on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass fat quality. Dietary treatments were a corn-soybean meal control diet with no added fat and a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments with 5% choice white grease (CWG) or soybean oil (SBO) fed from d 0 to 26, 54, 68, or 82. At the conclusion of the study (d 82), pigs were slaughtered, carcass characteristics were measured, and backfat and jowl fat samples were collected. Fatty acid analysis was performed, and iodine value (IV) was calculated for all backfat and jowl fat samples. Pigs fed SBO tended to have increased (P = 0.07) ADG compared with pigs fed CWG. For pigs fed SBO, increasing feeding duration increased (quadratic, P < 0.01) ADG and G:F. For pigs fed CWG, increasing feeding duration improved (quadratic, P < 0.01) G:F. For pigs fed SBO or CWG, increasing feeding duration increased carcass yield (quadratic, P < 0.04) and HCW (quadratic, P < 0.02). Dietary fat source and feeding duration did not affect backfat depth, loin depth, or lean percentage. As expected, barrows had greater ADG and ADFI (P < 0.01) and poorer G:F (P = 0.03) than gilts. Barrows also had greater last-rib (P = 0.04) and 10th-rib backfat (P < 0.01) and reduced loin depth and lean percentage (P < 0.01) compared with gilts. Increasing feeding duration of CWG or SBO increased (P < 0.10) C18:2n-6, PUFA, PUFA:SFA ratio, and IV in jowl fat and backfat. Pigs fed SBO had greater (P < 0.01) C18:2n-6, PUFA, PUFA:SFA ratio, and IV but decreased (P < 0.01) C18:1 cis-9, C16:0, SFA, and MUFA concentrations compared with pigs fed CWG in jowl fat and backfat. Barrows had decreased (P = 0.03) IV in jowl fat and backfat compared with gilts. In summary, adding SBO or CWG increased the amount of unsaturated fat deposited. Increasing feeding duration of dietary fat increases the amount of unsaturated fatty acids, which leads to softer carcass fat.     

补饲马铃薯藤对山羊生长性能、消化率和胴体特征的影响

本研究旨在探讨马铃薯藤饲喂水平对山羊生长性能、养分消化率和胴体特征的影响.试验将平均初始体重为(14.42±0.24)kg的40头山羊随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复2头.T1组仅饲喂干草,T2组饲喂干草+100％马铃薯藤,T3组饲喂干草+50％马铃薯藤+50％浓缩料,T4组饲喂100％浓缩料.在为期10周的饲养试...