Notes on predacious mites of greece,with a description of five new species (mesostigmata: phytoseiidae)

The following 14 species of phytoseiid mites were recorded on various plants:Typhlodromus kerkirae sp. nov.,T. psyllakisi sp. nov.,T. athenas sp. nov.,T. aff.recki Wainstein,T. cryptus Athias-Henriot,T. atticus sp. nov.,T. longipalpus sp. nov.,T. tiliaruml Oudemans,Seiulus isotrichus Athias-Henriot,Amblyseius aberrans (Oudemans),A. aff.finlandicus (Oudemans),A. stipulatus Athias-Henriot,Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, andPhytoseius (Phytoseius) finitimus Ribaga.     

Versuche mit Herbiziden in Baldrian Valeriana officinalis L. in Thüringen

Between 1998 and 2008 12 experiments with 25 herbicides were carried out in valerian in experimental stations and on valerian fields of Thuringian farms. The main objective of the tests was to get the necessary data for the authorization procedure according to the regulations of § 18 a PflSchG. The use oft the herbicides Devrinol FL, Lentagran WP, Stomp Aqua and Stomp Raps is authorized for the application in valerian according the regulations of § 18 a PflSchG. The herbicides Basagran, Boxer, Roundup UltraMAX and Targa Super can be used in valerian according the regulations of § 18 b PflSchG. Further experiments with herbicides in valerian are intended to the authorization to more herbicides and to unsolved problems with the weed control in this crop like for example the often insufficient effects of the recently authorized herbicides against Solanum spec., Galinsoga spec., Polygonum spec. and other weeds.     

Phytophthora bilorbang sp. nov., a new species associated with the decline of Rubus anglocandicans (European blackberry) in Western Australia

A new homothallic Phytophthora species, isolated from rhizosphere soil and roots of declining or dead Rubus anglocandicans (European blackberry) in south-west Western Australia, is described as Phytophthora bilorbang sp. nov. It produces non-papillate sporangia, smooth-walled oogonia containing thick-walled oospores, and paragynous antheridia. Although morphologically similar to several species within ITS Clade 6 and sub-clade II, namely P. gibbosa, P. gregata and P. megasperma, phylogenetic analyses of the ITS, cox1, HSP90, BT and NADH gene regions demonstrate that P. bilorbang sp. nov. is a distinct species. Additionally, P. bilorbang differs from these species in its growth and colony morphology on several media. Pathogenicity tests indicate that P. bilorbang could be responsible for the decline syndrome of blackberry within the Warren and Donnelly River catchments in the south-west of Western Australia.     

Assessing synergism of combined applications of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichoderma harzianum</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas fluorescens</Emphasis> to control blast and bacterial leaf blight of rice

Laimaphelenchus suberensis sp. nov. obtained from declining Quercus suber trees of Herdade da Gouveia de Baixo, Alentejo, Portugal, is described and illustrated based on morphological, biometrical and molecular characters. The diagnosis of Laimaphelenchus species has been commonly based on the presence or absence of a vulval flap and on the shape structure of the tail tip. The species described here has been included in the Laimaphelenchus group without vulval flap, and can be distinguished from morphologically similar species by its tail tip shape structure that has a stalk-like terminus and three diffuse tubercles with 4–6 finger-like protrusions. For the molecular analyses, the mitochondrial DNA region from the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI), the D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU) and small subunit (SSU) of rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced. Sequences of L. suberensis sp. nov. clustered separately from all Laimaphelenchus spp. with available sequences in Genbank, confirming its identification as a new species. This is the second report of the genus Laimaphelenchus in Portugal, associated with Q. suber: L. heidelbergi and L. suberensis sp. nov.     

Versuche mit Herbiziden in Zitronenmelisse Melissa officinalis L. in Thüringen

Between 1996 and 2008 19 experiments with 33 herbicides were carried out in lemon balm in experimental stations and on lemon balm fields of Thuringian farms. The main objective of the tests was to get the necessary data for the authorization procedure according to the regulations of §?18a PflSchG. Lemon balm plants are very susceptible against some herbicides like Bacara, Bandur, Centium 36?CS, Goltix 700?SC, Husar, Sumimax. Other herbicides like Boxer, Stomp?SC and other Pendimethalin-herbicides can cause severe damages on peppermint if they are applied to the false stage of development of the plant and/or unfavourable climatic conditions. The use oft the herbicides Basagran, Boxer, Fusilade MAX, Lentagran WP and Stomp SC, Stomp Aqua, Stomp Raps is authorized for the application in lemon balm according the regulations of §?18a PflSchG. The herbicides Goltix 700?SC, Lontrel?100 und CLIOPHAR?100, Roundup UltraMAX and Targa Super can be used in lemon balm according the regulations of §?18b PflSchG. Further experiments with herbicides in lemon balm are intended to the authorization to more herbicides and to unsolved problems with the weed control in this crop like for example the often insufficient effects of the recently authorized herbicides against Solanum spec., Galinsoga spec., Polygonum spec. and other weeds.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anagyrus</Emphasis> (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from China,parasitoid of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phenacoccus solani</Emphasis> Ferris (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lycoris radiata</Emphasis> (L’Her.) Herb.

A new species of Anagyrus Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), A. pseudofuscus Zu sp. nov., is described from China as a parasitoid of the mealybug, Phenacoccus solani Ferris (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae).     

A novel pathovar of Xanthomonas axonopodis causes gumming of Guggal (Commiphora wightii)

Guggal (Commiphora wightii (Arnott) Bhandari comb. nov.) is a small tree which is tapped for medicinally important oleo?Cgum?Cresin. Naturally infected plant oozes oleo?Cgum?Cresin from its trunk and primary branches. However, in either case, the plant dies slowly after oozing. A bacterium was established to be responsible for these phenomena. Four isolates of this bacterium were characterised by biochemical tests, Biolog GN2 microplate reaction, rDNA sequencing, which suggested that the pathogen belonged to the genus Xanthomonas. However, phylogenetic analysis based on chaperone protein (dnaK) gene, TonB?Cdependent receptor (fyuA) gene, DNA gyrase B (gyrB) gene and RNA polymerase sigma factor (rpoD) gene sequences placed it as a member of X. axonopodis 9.2 rep?CPCR/DNA?CDNA homology cluster close to X. perforans, X. alfalfae and X. euvesicatoria. Further elucidation of phylogenetic position of the test strains was achieved from a gyrB based tree considering sequences from 71 representative strains. Test strains were confirmed to be members of X. axonopodis. These had very narrow infectivity limited to Commiphora spp. Hence, we propose a novel pathovar, X. axonopodis pv. commiphoreae pv. nov. as the cause of gum oozing in guggal. Pathotype is DXA 01 = CFBP 7580 = LMG 26789.     

中国-喜马拉雅区系中的一些真菌新种和新记录(续)

 本文系"中国-喜马拉雅区系中的一些真菌新种和新记录"(1979年)的继文,本期报导本区系中新种黄花木夏孢锈菌Uredo piptanthus sp.nov.和西藏柄锈菌Puccinia tibetica sp.nov.;高原特有种和古化石种中国鞘柄锈菌Coleopuccinia sinensis Pat.、日本明痂锈菌Hyalopsora japonia Diet.及珍贵树种、药用植物病原真菌Peridermium complanatum Berc.、乔松鞘锈菌Peridermium brevius Berc.、麻黄色被锈菌Peridermium ephedrae CKE当归柄锈菌Puccinia angilicae Fuck.、最后描述了我国西部地区重要病原-角落叶松锈菌Melampsora laricicaraearum Kleb.和木蓝锈菌Raveneia indigoferae Trans.。     

The Entomophthorales of Israel and their arthropod hosts: Seasonal occurrence

The seasonal occurrence of entomophthoralean host-pathogen combinations and of conidialvs. resting spore production in Israel is presented and discussed. The data recorded during 1968–1979 concern the following species and their recorded hosts:Conidiobolus apiculatus, C. coronatus, C. osmodes, C. thromboides, andConidiobolus spp.;Entomophthora planchoniana;Neozygites fresenii; Erynia erinacea, E. neoaphidis, E. nouryi, E. occidentalis, E. phalloides, E. phytonomi andE. radicans.     

Enhancement of dye-sensitized phototoxicity to house fly larvae in vivo by dietary ascorbate,diazabicyclooctane, and other additives

Several reagents reported to be singlet oxygen quenchers and/or radical scavengers and to be protectants against photooxidative damage to isolated systems in vitro were examined, in vivo, for protective effect on the larvae of the house fly (Musca domestica L.; Diptera:Muscidae). A standardized erythrosine-sensitized phototoxic test procedure was used. β-Carotene appeared to show some protective effect. Other dietary additives exhibited no measurable degree of protection to the larvae in vitro; on the contrary, mortality increased in the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene, ascorbate, and diazabicyclooctane.     

Various species of Pyricularia constitute a robust clade distinct from Magnaporthe salvinii and its relatives in Magnaporthaceae

In a phylogenetic analysis of species of Magnaporthaceae based on nucleotide sequences of rDNA-ITS and the RPB1 gene, isolates of the tested species were divided into two clusters with high bootstrap support. One group was composed of Pyricularia spp.; the other was composed of Magnaporthe salvinii, M. rhizophila, M. poae, Gaeumannomyces graminis, and G. incrustans. On the basis of this result, we concluded that Pyricularia spp. constitute a large but distinct phylogenetic species group that is not congeneric with Magnaporthe salvinii, the type species of Magnaporthe.     

Some predacious mites of Greece,with a description of one new species (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae)

Typhlodromus hellenicus sp. nov. is described and illustrated. The following 11 additional species were recorded:T. pyri Scheuten, sensu Abbasova,T. exhilaratus Ragusa,T. recki Wainstein,T. kerkirae Swirski and Ragusa,Amblyseius cinctutus Livshitz and Kuznetsov,A. stipulates Athias-Henriot, A. aff.finlandicus (Oudemans), A. aff.aberrans (Oudemans),A. potentillae (Garman),Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, andPhytoseius (Phytoseius) finitimus Ribaga.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Microterys</Emphasis> (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from Northeast China,parasitoid of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Parthenolecanium corni</Emphasis> (Bouché) (Hemiptera: Coccidae)

A new species of Microterys Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), M. angustus Zu, Li & Wang sp. nov., is described from China as a parasitoid of Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) on Acer saccharum Marsh. and Sophora japonica Linn..     

河北和山东鸭梨果实上链格孢菌鉴定

为了查清造成鸭梨果实储藏期黑斑病的链格孢Alternaria的种类,从其产孢表型、分生孢子特征和分子生物学等方面对分离的链格孢菌进行了研究.经对分离到的188支Alternaria菌株的形态学鉴定,共确定了3个种,即链格孢Alternaria alternata、细极链格孢A.tenuissima和侵染链格孢A.infectoria,比例分别为41.0%、54.8%和1.6%.分子生物学研究结果表明,Altemaria大孢子种彼此间及大孢子种与小孢子种之间可以根据ITS和gpd序列差异明确区分;而供试的多数小孢子种在ITS和gpd序列上差异很小,无法区分.     

Versuche mit Herbiziden in Gemeiner Ringelblume (Calendula officinalis L.) in Sachsen-Anhalt und Thüringen

Between 2000 and 2005 12 experiments with 18 herbicides were carried out in marigold in experimental stations and on marigold fields of Thuringian farms. The main objective of the tests was to get the necessary data for the authorization procedure according to the regulations of §?18 a PflSchG. Marigold plants are very susceptible against some herbicides Betanal Progress, Goltix Compact + ?l, Kontakt 320 SC, Lentagran WP und Stefes IPU. These herbicides and cause severe damages on this culture. The use oft the herbicides Bandur, BASTA and further herbicides with the active ingredient Glufosinat was authorized for the application in marigold according the regulations of §?18 a PflSchG in the past. The herbicides Devrinol FL, Fusilade MAX, Goltix 700 SC, Roundup UltraMAX und Targa Super can be used in artichoke according the regulations of §?18 b PflSchG. These herbicides aren??t enough for the chemical control of weeds likeEchinochloa spec.,Galinsoga spec., Polygonum spec. in marigold. In addition to the application of the herbicides mechanical measures are necessary.     

A new species and observations on the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ramularia</Emphasis> from Iran

Ramularia ranunculicola sp. nov. (Mycosphaerellaceae) is described from Iran on Ranunculus muricatus and compared with other species reported on Ranunculus spp. Ramularia carletonii on Lactuca tuberosa and R. nagornyi on Centaurea solstitialis are newly reported from Iran, and Picris strigosa is a new host for R. picridis (= R. inaequalis s. lat.).     

Fusarium wilt of common heliotrope (heliotropium europaeum)

Occurrence of Fusarium wilt of common heliotrope(Heliotropium europaeum L.) is reported. Pathogenicity of the causal agent was confirmed by reisolation from inoculated heliotrope plants. The specificity of the isolate was shown by cross-inoculation tests with five formae speciales and by inoculating the five respective hosts with a monoconidial isolate of the present fungus. Only the latter fungus was found to incite wilt in common heliotrope; the proposed name of this forma specialis isFusarium oxysporum f. sp.heliotropae nov. f.