性诱剂诱杀二化螟的田间效果试验

1997～1998年 ,应用二化螟性诱剂对越冬代二化螟进行了田间诱捕试验。结果表明 ,载体为橡皮塞的二化螟性诱芯田间诱杀持续期达34d以上。每公顷设30、45和90个诱盆的诱杀区卵块量均比对照区下降60%～68% ,卵量下降74% ,枯心率也随之下降     

二点委夜蛾诱捕器中不同数量性诱芯诱蛾效果比较

3省同期试验结果表明,装有1个二点委夜蛾性诱剂诱芯的水盆诱捕器诱蛾量略多于装有2个诱芯的诱捕器,统计差异不显著,可见增加1个诱芯并不能增加诱蛾量,表明该种性诱芯的剂量是比较合适的。同时在山西省临汾市试验,1个性诱剂水盆诱捕器的诱蛾量比1支黑光灯高出2.78%,统计差异不显著,表明该种性诱剂在测报上有一定优势。     

应用二化螟性诱剂大面积诱捕越冬代雄蛾

应用二化螟性诱剂对越冬代二化螟雄蛾进行了大面积诱捕。结果表明：诱杀７ｄ和１５ｄ后,诱捕区（包括中心区和边缘带）雄蛾量分别为对照区的４０.４４％和２９.７８％,其中心区的蛾量分别为边缘带的４８.５５％和２４.６５％;诱捕区卵块数仅为对照区的２０.０％～３３.３％,枯鞘率仅为对照区的１２.５％～２５.０％;诱捕区的第一代雄蛾发生量大量减少,诱蛾量仅为对照区的４６.９６％,其中心区的雄蛾量为边缘带的６７.６４％;诱捕区的水稻枯心率仅为对照区的３９.５０％～４４.７５％。应用性诱剂大面积诱捕是防治水稻二化螟的有效方法之一。     

不同诱捕器与诱芯对南瓜实蝇的诱捕效果

就不同诱捕器、不同诱芯制作方法对南瓜实蝇的诱捕效果进行了比较试验。结果表明:用自制诱捕器诱捕南瓜实蝇比厂家生产的Steiner诱捕器效果好,在巩义市和新密市2个监测点,自制诱捕器的总诱捕量分别是Steiner诱捕器总诱捕量的1.8倍和1.5倍。用棉花诱芯诱捕南瓜实蝇效果比用诱蝇酮包装瓶直接当作诱芯使用效果好,在巩义和新密两个监测点,使用棉花诱芯的诱捕器总诱捕量分别是使用诱蝇酮包装瓶诱芯的诱捕器诱捕总量的约1.7倍和2.2倍。     

二化螟性诱剂和诱盆设置技术的研究

通过对二化螟性诱剂水盆诱捕器及其设置高度比较研究,结果表明：诱捕器的口径大小以２４ｃｍ为佳,绿色水盆的诱蛾量比其他颜色的要大;在越冬代诱捕中,诱盆的高度在２０ｃｍ左右效果较好;性诱剂离水面的高度对二化螟雄蛾的诱捕有一定影响,其高度在０.５～１.０ｃｍ的诱蛾量最高。     

田间不同诱捕器悬挂高度和不同诱芯对番茄潜叶蛾诱集效果评价

在陆地种植的番茄的结果期,使用船型粘胶诱捕器配合13种性引诱剂诱芯进行番茄潜叶蛾诱捕试验,筛选最佳诱捕器悬挂高度和诱捕效果最佳诱芯。试验结果表明：船型诱捕器悬挂于离地面约0.8～1.2 m处,诱蛾效果最好;配合船型诱捕器的13种不同诱芯对番茄潜叶蛾均有一定诱集效果;以TA20188C诱芯为对照,TA20207D1、TA20207D2两个诱芯综合诱集效果较佳,日均诱蛾量最高可达126.00头、114.00头,诱捕器连续放置4周,平均诱蛾总量可达2 167.00头、1 804.33头;TA2021885E和作为对照的TA20188C在试验中也具有良好的诱捕效果,日均诱蛾量最高可达87.33头、84.33头,连续放置4周,平均诱蛾总量可达1 606.67头、1 593.67头。综合分析,在番茄结果期,在离地面约0.8～1.2 m处悬挂船型诱捕器配合TA20207D1、TA20207D2、TA2021885E、TA20188C 4种番茄潜叶蛾性诱芯在田间中对番茄潜叶蛾诱捕效果较好,建议在番茄潜叶蛾的监测和防治中推广使用。     

不同诱剂和诱捕器组合对橘小实蝇的诱捕效果简比试验

为探索橘小实蝇诱剂与诱捕器的最佳组合,发挥诱剂与诱捕器的最大诱捕潜能,2019年在灌阳县月柿果园中开展了不同诱剂和诱捕器组合对橘小实蝇诱捕数量的比较试验。通过试验发现,瓶形诱捕器对雄虫诱捕效果好,雌虫占比仅为6.22%,桶形诱捕器对雌、雄虫都有一定的诱捕效果,雌虫占比可达33.96%,但对雄虫(捕获量352头)不如瓶形诱捕器(捕获量467头);甲基丁香酚诱剂对雄虫诱捕数量大、专一性好,果实蝇饵剂和蛋白诱剂对雌、雄虫都有一定的诱捕效果,果实蝇饵剂以雄虫为主(雌虫占比为5.25%),蛋白诱剂则以雌虫为主(雌虫占比88.29%);蛋白诱剂和甲基丁香酚2种诱剂混用,在桶形诱捕器中有叠加效果,在瓶形诱捕器中则相互抑制。     

不同性诱芯及诱捕器组合对草地贪夜蛾的诱捕效果

本研究评价了不同性诱芯和诱捕器组合处理对草地贪夜蛾田间诱捕效果.结果 表明,4个组合处理对草地贪夜蛾均有较好的诱集作用,能准确反映田间草地贪夜蛾的发生动态,均可以用于预测预报,及时指导科学防治,也可以作为绿色防控措施之一在生产中推广应用.     

0.61%二化螟性诱剂挥散芯对水稻二化螟的田间防效

【目的】明确0.61%二化螟性诱剂挥散芯对水稻二化螟的防治效果。【方法】设置不同诱芯投放密度和不同诱芯悬挂高度开展水稻二化螟诱集监测试验。【结果】在悬挂密度15～45枚诱芯/hm²、悬挂高度1.2m条件下,总诱虫量为238.50～548.50只/hm²,水稻枯心率为1.76%～0.96%,防治效果达69.54%～83.22%,其中45枚诱芯/hm²处理极显著高于15枚诱芯/hm²处理,与30枚诱芯/hm²处理和对照药剂0.61%二化螟性诱剂挥散芯30枚诱芯/hm²处理、200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂150 mL/hm²处理差异不显著。【结论】诱芯悬挂高度对二化螟雄蛾的诱捕效果有一定影响,其悬挂高度在1.2～1.4 m的诱蛾量最高。0.61%二化螟性诱剂挥散芯防治二化螟的推荐使用剂量30～45枚诱芯/hm²,诱芯悬挂高度以1.2 m左右为宜。     

性诱剂不同诱芯诱捕三化螟蛾试验

为探索性诱剂不同诱芯对三化螟蛾的诱捕效果.根据湖北省植保总站的安排,我们分别对宁波钮康生物技术有限公司生产的二种三化螟性诱剂进行田间诱蛾试验,结果表明,SI20093241诱芯平均日单钵诱螟蛾0.49头,最高日单钵诱螟蛾5头,控螟效果为25%;SI2009521A诱芯平均日单钵诱螟蛾0.57头,最高日单钵诱螟蛾6头,控...     

不同杀虫剂对水稻二化螟的药效评估

二化螟（Chilo suppressalis）是为害水稻的主要害虫之一,生产上用于防治二化螟的农药种类繁多,为了比较不同药剂对二化螟的防治效果,2007年,我们选用了10种农药进行大田药效试验,对其药效进行评估,现将试验结果小结如下。     

防治水稻二化螟施药技术探讨

通过对防治水稻二化螟施药技术试验，结果表明乙酰甲胺磷等农药防治水稻二化螟枯心，适宜在卵孵高峰后5d施药，防治第3代造成的白穗应在水稻破口5％～10％时施药。施药方法，以常规喷雾和泼浇的效果较好，施药时要适当加大用水量，田间应保持水层。     

江西省部分地区水稻二化螟抗药性测定

用点滴法普查了江西省南昌、南城、永新、丰城、上饶、彭泽6县(市)二化螟种群4铃幼虫对4种(类)杀虫剂的抗药性。结果表明,供试二化螟种群对沙蚕毒素类农药杀虫单、有机磷类农药三唑磷已产生了较强的抗性,抗性倍数分别为33.30~241.95、7.97~111.20;对苯基吡唑类农药氟虫腈和抗生素类农药阿维茵素部分地区也产生了低水平抗性,抗性倍数分别为5.88~16.47、3.70~9.90。本文还对二化螟抗性治理对策进行了讨论。     

Fipronil resistance mechanisms in the rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis Walker

Fipronil resistance mechanisms were studied between the laboratory susceptible strain and the selective field population of rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker in the laboratory. The borer population was collected from Wenzhou county, Zhejiang province. After five generations of selection, fipronil resistance ratio was 45.3-fold compared to the susceptible strain. Synergism experiments showed that the synergistic ratios of PBO, TPP and DEF on fipronil in susceptible and resistant strains of C. suppressalis were 7.55-, 1.93- and 2.91-fold, respectively, and DEM showed no obvious synergistic action on fipronil. Activities of carboxylesterase and microsomal-O-demethylase in the resistant strain were 1.89- and 1.36-fold higher that in susceptible strain, and no significant difference of glutathione-S-transferase activity was found between the resistant and susceptible strains. The K_m and V_max experiments also demonstrated that fipronil resistance of C. suppressalis was closely relative to the enhanced activities of carboxylesterase and microsomal-O-demethylase. Moreover, cross-resistance between fipronil and other conventional insecticides and the multiple resistant properties of the original Wenzhou’s population were also discussed.     

几种药剂防治第1代二化螟田间药效试验

二化螟是我区水稻生产上的一种重要害虫.近年来,随着冬、春季节气温的偏高,耕作制度的改变,该虫发生期提前,发生为害程度明显加重,1～4代已连续数年在我区偏重至重发生,未防或防治不力的田块枯心率或白穗率一般可达2.5%～6.0%，高的可达15%以上,而虫伤株率更高,对水稻生产构成重大威胁,是早晚稻保苗保穗重点考虑的防治对象之一，化学防治上,我区连续多年选用三唑磷及其复配制剂防治二化螟,其防效逐年下降,各地用户反映不一,为明确几种药剂防治二化螟效果,以便为大面积示范推广提供科学依据,2004年我们在早稻上进行了防治第1代二化螟田间药效试验,现将试验结果报道如下。     

水稻二化螟耐寒性研究进展

二化螟[Chilo suppressalis(Walker)]是我国水稻上的一种重要害虫。季节性的环境温度变化对二化螟种群消长影响明显,因此该越冬幼虫耐寒性强弱已成为制约其种群生存和繁衍的重要因素。本文对有关二化螟耐寒性的研究现状进行了综述,从其耐寒性与过冷却点、耐寒对策、环境变化和自身耐寒物质调节之间的关系等方面进行了分析,同时对该虫今后耐寒性研究重点提出了相应的建议。     

Isoxaben analogs inhibit chitin synthesis in the cultured integument of the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis

Benzoylphenylureas (BPUs) were discovered as novel type insecticides about a half century ago; many analogs have been launched as insecticides and acaricides. BPUs are known to inhibit chitin synthesis in insects and other arthropods, but they have no effect against microorganisms such as fungi. We designed new chitin synthesis inhibitors based on the hypothesis that biomolecules that play important roles in cellulose and chitin biosynthesis are similar. In the full automatic modeling system (FAMS), the cellulose synthase was selected as a template three-dimensional structure. Thus, we focused on the structure of cellulose synthase inhibitor, isoxaben, to develop new chemistry. The 1,1-diethylethyl [-C(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃)₂] group of isoxaben was changed to a 4-substituted phenyl group bearing Cl, Et, or Ph. These compounds significantly inhibited chitin synthesis in the cultured integument of the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis. The activity of the 4-ethylphenyl analog was enhanced 30-fold by adding piperonyl butoxide to the culture medium.     

二化螟性诱芯不同存贮期对诱蛾效果的影响

二化螟性诱芯的存贮期对田间雄蛾诱捕量有明显影响。试验在长春市进行 ,根据诱芯存贮期长短设置 2个处理 ,分别为 - 18℃条件下存贮 2～ 6个月和同样条件下存贮 33～ 37个月。结果表明 ,从 5月 19日到 9月 2 0日两种贮存期的诱芯平均每盆每日诱蛾量分别为 35 8头和 5 5头 ,后者下降 84 6 %。两种贮存期处理的单盆 1日最大诱蛾量分别为 2 2 3头和 2 0头 ,但不同处理所反映的田间蛾期却基本一致     

Molecular cloning and pharmacological characterisation of a tyramine receptor from the rice stem borer,Chilo suppressalis (Walker)

BACKGROUND: Tyramine (TA) and octopamine (OA) are considered to be the invertebrate counterparts of the vertebrate adrenergic transmitters. Because these two phenolamines are the only biogenic amines whose physiological significance is presumably restricted to invertebrates, the attention of pharmacologists has been focused on the corresponding receptors, which are believed to represent promising targets for novel insecticides. For example, the formamidine pesticides, such as chlordimeform and amitraz, have been shown to activate OA receptors. RESULTS: A full‐length cDNA (designated CsTyR1) from the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), has been obtained through homology cloning in combination with rapid amplification of cDNA ends/polymerase chain reaction (RACE‐PCR). The mRNA of CsTyR1 is present in various tissues, including hemocytes, fat body, midgut, Malpighian tubules, nerve cord and epidermis, and it is found predominantly in the larval nerve cord with 16–80‐fold enrichment compared with other tissues. The authors generated a HEK 293 cell line stably expressing CsTyR1 in order to examine functional and pharmacological properties of this receptor. Both TA and OA at 0.01–100 µM can reduce forskolin‐stimulated intracellular cAMP levels in a dose‐dependent manner (TA, EC₅₀ = 369 nM ; OA, EC₅₀ = 978 nM ). In agonist assays, activation of CsTyR1 by clonidine and amitraz but not by naphazoline and chlordimeform can also significantly inhibit forskolin‐stimulated cAMP production. The inhibitory effect of TA at 10 µM is eliminated by coincubation with yohimbine, phentolamine or chlorpromazine (each 10 µM ). CONCLUSION: This study represents a comprehensive molecular and pharmacological characterisation of a tyramine receptor in the rice stem borer. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry