鸡群发生非典型新城疫的原因及防治

据调查 ,在商品蛋鸡的饲养圈中 ,农村散养户 (场 )约占全国蛋鸡饲养总量的 70 %左右 ,由于大部分地区仍有新城疫流行 ,家禽及产品的扩散流通 ,就使带有 ND病毒的产品扩散至各地 ,引起慢性和非典型化新城疫蔓延 ,严重威胁着养鸡生产的发展。1　非典型 ND的发病原因　主要有 :1鸡场的严重污染 ,同时 ND病毒可在鸡群内复制、循环 ,使毒力增强 ,即使有较高的抗体水平 ,也可引起发病。2强化免疫间隔时间太长 ,鸡体内抗体较低 ,引起鸡只发病。3疫苗使用知识的欠缺 ,常因运输保管不当 ,疫苗稀释失误 ,配制量多少不均 ,接种方法的正确性不够 ,或…     

鸡群常发生非典型新城疫的原因及防治对策

近几年来，有许多养殖户反映新城疫冻干苗、油苗都按免疫程序用了，无法取得良好的效果，非典型新城疫在我国呈现大面积发生，防不胜防的态势，就其原因有以下几个方面的因素。     

谈谈免疫鸡群非典型性新城疫的发生与防治

鸡新城疫俗称“鸡瘟”,是一种由副粘病毒引起的高度接触性传染病。由于各毒株对鸡的致病力不同,其死亡率有很大差异。此病流行范围广,发病死亡率高,目前仍是威胁养鸡业发展的较为严重的疾病之一。目前新城疫的发病具有新的特点,以腺胃出血,高死亡率为主要特点的临床型鸡新城疫已不多见,多数是非典型性亚临床型新城疫,按经验诊断容易造成误诊,延误治疗时机。 一、非典型性新城疫的流行特点 非典型性新城疫多发生于免疫鸡群,以二免前     

鸡群啄癖的发生原因及防治措施

本文对发生鸡群啄癖的现象进行了简要分析,并且有针对性地提出了相关预防措施。鸡群啄癖现象的发生主要是由饲养不当、环境不好、管理不合理、遗传因素等等方面产生作用的,鸡群啄癖一旦发生不仅会使整个鸡场的效益大大降低,对于鸡群自身正常生长也会有一定的影响,情况严重的甚至会造成死亡。     

高HI抗体水平鸡群发生新城疫的原因分析及对策

近些年来,鸡新城疫（以下简称ＮＤ）的流行已发生了新变化,由于广大养鸡业者对本病的免疫有相当的重视程度,所以免疫鸡群发生典型ＮＤ是很少见了,多为非典型性的,在发病初期不太严重,往往不被重视,或不能及时做出正确的诊断,而误诊为传染性支气管炎、传染性喉气管...     

鸡群免疫失败的原因及防治对策

<正> 近年来,一些鸡场虽然免疫了各种各样的疫苗,但还是不断的爆发传染病,给养鸡场造成很大的损失,究其原因,很多、很复杂,但主要有以下几方面的因素:1 环境方面的因素1.1 鸡群潜在感染免疫抑制性疾病与免疫包括马立克氏病、淋巴细胞白血病、鸡传染性贫血病、传染性法氏囊、腺病毒感染等。这些传染性病原体主要是侵袭、损害鸡的体液或细胞免疫中枢器官,使其淋巴细胞生成受到破坏、降低或不能产生免疫球蛋白,导致免疫机能障碍,使鸡群对疫苗接种的应答反应性降低,越是早期感染者应答反应越是明显,表现鸡群对多种其他疾病的易感性增强,出现免疫抑制现象。1.1.1 马立克氏病(MD)是由 B 型疱疹病毒引起的主要侵害鸡的一种肿瘤病,其特点是肿瘤细胞、多型细胞和淋巴细胞在神经干和内脏器官的浸润。马立克氏病毒具有干扰素原性和大的免疫抑制性,因此,马立克氏病常常伴有其他传染病的联合发生。MDV 感染的结果使法氏囊、胸腺和脾脏这些一级中枢免疫器官产生退行性变化,从而损伤了鸡体的免疫反应并导致免疫抑制。     

鸡群粪便异常原因及防治

分析了鸡群粪便异常的原因,通过加强饲养管理,定期预防性投药,平衡饮食结构等综合防治措施可有效防治鸡群粪便异常的发生.     

Immune enhancing effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on Newcastle disease vaccination in chickens

Introduction and purposeDespite the various vaccination programs for protection against New Castle disease, it remains an important threat to the poultry industry. The ability of the probiotic bacteria to improve the immune system in both animals and humans supports their use as immune adjuvants for vaccination. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus in ND vaccination.Materials and methodsA total of 170 one day old chicks were divided in 5 groups. In groups A, B and C chicks were received L. acidophilus (5 × 10⁹, 3 × 10⁹ and 2 × 10⁹) and also vaccinated with inactivated and attenuated ND vaccines. In group D, chicks only vaccinated without bacterial inoculation and group E was negative control with neither vaccine nor bacteria. Then IgG and HI NDV antibody titers were measured in all tested groups.ResultsIgG and HI NDV antibody levels were significantly higher in Lactobacillus treated groups especially in group A with 5 × 10⁹ bacteria, than only vaccinated and negative control groups. Also antibody levels against NDV increased during the vaccination period especially in probiotic treated groups.ConclusionIn conclusion, L. acidophilus can use for improving immunogenicity of NDV vaccination programs.     

Enhancement of mucosal immune responses by intranasal co-delivery of Newcastle disease vaccine plus CpG oligonucleotide in SPF chickens in vivo

Immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) have been tested as immunoadjuvants for various vaccines in mice and human. Findings from previous reports suggest that CpG ODN can be used to enhance magnitude and balance of an immune response while reducing undesirable side effects of commercial vaccine, when delivered by parenteral route. Recently, it has been showed that CpG ODN is a promising mucosal adjuvant in mice, but data on mucosal immune responses induced by CpG ODN in other animals, especially in chickens, are scarce. Herein, we evaluated intranasal (IN) delivery of CpG ODN with newcastle disease (ND) vaccine (NDV) to determine its potential as a mucosal adjuvant to a commercial vaccine. CpG ODN augmented systemic (IgG in serum, T cell proliferation) and mucosal (IgA in intestinal washings and feces) immune responses against antigen. CpG ODN stimulated effectively both systemic and mucosal immune responses when delivered intranasally. Results from this study indicate that stimulatory CpG ODN is a potential effective mucosal adjuvant for the NDV in SPF chickens and may be applicable to husbandry animals.     

非典型鸡新城疫的病因研究初报（一）

应用血清学、生物学方法、从我省产蛋量下降、HI抗体在1：128以上的疑似非典型鸡新城疫（CND）病鸡群中分离到1株病毒，经鉴定和致病力测定，明确是1株ND强毒，毒力与F48E9相近，然后采用该株野毒感染不同抗体水平的3批蛋鸡及肉鸡，结果3批蛋鸡均是低抗体滴度组（1：10－1：40）发生了CND症状，感染后6－7天开始产蛋停止，经15－17天后才恢复产蛋，高抗体滴定组（1：80以上）无明显变化，无抗体对照组出现典型鸡新城疫变化，全部死亡；病毒感染后第6、10天监测HI抗体，结果低滴度组第6天达1：80－1：160，第10天达1：160－1：1280。试验结果表明，我们分离到的NDV，既可引起典型的ND，也可引起非典型的ND；高HI抗体蛋鸡产生非典型鸡新城疫的病因之一，是由于存在低抗体鸡群而发生了CND，其高HI抗体有竞争是由于强毒感染后产生的抗体。     

Mortality rates adjusted for unobserved deaths and associations with Newcastle disease virus serology among unvaccinated village chickens in Myanmar

Village chickens are an important livestock for many rural families in Myanmar and other developing countries. Village chickens are kept under free-ranging conditions, with confinement only at night. Therefore, it is likely that some deaths are not observed by farmers. We conducted a longitudinal study from November 2003 until May 2004 to describe temporal patterns of mortality of village chickens in 10 villages in Myanmar. Field veterinarians first identified the numbers of birds in all chicken-owning households in each village. We then selected 307 households randomly with stratification by flock size. Each study household was then visited once monthly at which time questionnaires were completed recording current flock structure and numbers of hatchings, mortalities, sales and birds consumed since the previous visit. In addition, sera were collected from a sample of adult birds and growers. Depending on month and age group of chicken, from 71 to 231 (out of 290-307) households had discrepancies in the counts of birds. For chicks, at least one-quarter of the households had unobserved losses of at least 5 chicks per household (maximum 66 chicks); unobserved losses were less for growers and adult chickens. The median month-specific, village-specific mortality rates per 1000 bird-days at risk (counting missing birds as deaths) ranged from 0.8 to 1.7 for adults, from 0.4 to 4.7 for growers and from 8.0 to 16.5 for chicks. Across all birds, the prevalence of protective titres against Newcastle disease virus was 79% (95% confidence interval 74, 84); higher prevalences of protective titres were associated with reduced mortality rates in the following months.     

切除结膜结合淋巴组织鸡对新城疫疫苗点眼免疫反应 Ⅱ.组织学与免疫组织化学研究

60只 1日龄健康雏鸡随机分为 A、B、C三组。A组于 1日龄手术切除下眼睑结膜。A、B两组于 12日龄时结扎鼻泪管 ,用新城疫克隆 30苗点眼。C组为对照组。 2 3日龄分别采取其 CAL T和哈德氏腺 ,比较观察其组织细胞。结果 ,1日龄手术切除下眼睑结膜后造成鸡 CAL T缺失 ,点眼免疫后 ,哈氏腺的免疫细胞也较正常免疫鸡少 ,而正常接种 ND克隆 30 (B组 )后 ,CAL T发生早 ,生长快 ,淋巴细胞数量多 ,故本实验证实 CAL T对哈氏腺免疫细胞的数量与成分有一定的调控作用。 CAL T缺失鸡是研究黏膜免疫系统比较理想的模型     

中药复方散剂对肉鸡生长及鸡新城疫灭活油苗免疫效果的影响

将玉屏风散、十全大补汤、六味地黄丸三个中药复方散剂分别按1%剂量添加到科宝快大型白鸡日粮中, 于雏鸡14日龄, 按0.5 ml/只剂量肩部肌肉注射鸡新城疫灭活油乳剂疫苗, 即日起饲喂上述饲料, 并按40 mg/kg剂量胸肌注射环磷酰胺,每天1次, 连续3天; 免疫后第10天、 20天、 30天采血检测鸡新城疫HI抗体效价,观测鸡增重情况,免疫后第15天、 25天检测血清总蛋白含量.实验结果表明,玉屏风散、六味地黄丸能显著提高鸡新城疫HI抗体效价(P<0.05),十全大补汤的作用不明显;玉屏风散、十全大补汤能显著增加肉鸡体重(P<0.05),六味地黄丸的作用不明显,实验组鸡死亡率均降低;玉屏风散、十全大补汤能显著提高血清总蛋白含量(P<0.05),六味地黄丸的作用不明显.     

鸡新城疫的致病机制与防控措施

鸡新城疫俗称"鸡瘟",是由副粘病毒科的新城疫病毒引起的一种高度接触性、败血性传染病。近年来,该病的发生呈现非典型性症状和病变。新城疫病毒与其他病毒混合感染发生较多,是导致很多疾病综合征的病原之一。文章主要针对鸡新城疫的病原、流行病学、致病机制和防控措施进行了综述,为鸡新城疫的防治提供参考。     

人工诱发鸡新城疫的攻毒条件的比较研究

将4周龄淮南麻黄鸡80羽随机平均分成4组：口鼻接种组、皮下接种组、肌肉接种组和空白对照组，分别用不同稀释度的NDV攻毒，观察攻毒结果并统计死亡情况。结果不同攻毒途径的致病性有差异，肌肉注射致病性最强，皮下注射次之，滴鼻滴口最弱。不同攻毒途径所需的攻毒剂量各不相同，滴鼻滴口所需的剂量最大，皮下注射次之，肌肉注射量最小。本文对造成不同攻毒途径致病性差异的原因进行了深入探讨。人工诱发新城疫，建议采用注射途径。     

新城疫病毒的分子生物学及应用研究进展

新城疫是当今全球范围内最严重的家禽传染病,特别是对养鸡业可造成重大经济损失。新城疫病毒是一种负链RNA病毒,含有六个主要蛋白,按顺序3′-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5′排列,其中最主要的糖蛋白是F和HN蛋白,这两个蛋白不仅与病毒的毒力和致病性有关,也是诱导产生保护性抗体的蛋白。许多分子生物学技术已经应用于新城疫的诊断。利用分子生物技术也研究出了很多基因工程疫苗比如基因工程活载体疫苗、亚单位疫苗和DNA疫苗等。近年来反向遗传操作技术的发展,新城疫病毒已经被开发成病毒载体,可以携带外源基因研制新城疫病毒活载体疫苗,表达IBDV和IBV的新城疫活载体疫苗已经研制。