The effect of topical minoxidil treatment on hair follicular growth of neonatal hairless descendants of Mexican hairless dogs

The effect of daily topical minoxidil treatment on hair growth was investigated in eight neonatal hairless pups. After 21 days of minoxidil treatment, hair growth occurred in the minoxidil-treated areas of each neonatal hairless pup. The numbers of hairs in the treated areas increased as compared with that in the areas treated with vehicle only. Histological findings revealed that the skin treated with minoxidil contained many hair follicles derived from epidermal ingrowths (hair germs) projecting into the dermis. These hair follicles showed various stages of neofolliculogenesis. After 31 days of treatment, terminal hair growth was observed. In the minoxidil-untreated areas, epidermal ingrowths remained undifferentiated. These results revealed that hairless dogs developed hair growth reactions following minoxidil-treatment when such treatment is applied in the early neonatal period. Neonatal hairless pups are a useful model for evaluating the effectiveness of hair growth stimulators.     

Genetic analysis of Mexican hairless pig populations.

The main Creole pig population in Mexico, the hairless Mexican pig, remains as an unimproved and endangered genetic resource. In order to learn more about the genetic characteristics of this pig population, we assessed the allele frequency of 10 microsatellite loci in 177 unrelated hairless pigs from seven regions at Mexico and in 111 pigs of four commercial breeds (Landrace, Large White, Hampshire, and Duroc). Genetic diversity in each population was estimated by the unbiased average heterozygosity and the allele number. Nei's standard genetic distances and a neighbor-joining dendrogram were used to reveal the genetic relationships among these populations. In this report, we present data showing that the level of the genetic diversity in Mexican hairless pigs is high compared with previous reports, and that they belong to a genetic lineage divergent from commercial breeds. Furthermore, Mexican hairless pigs seem to have developed several genetically distinct lines associated with their geographic location. We conclude that the Mexican Creole pig populations may be a reservoir of genetic diversity that is important to preserve and evaluate as a source of new alleles for the future improvement of commercial pig lines.     

Effect of protein malnutrition on the skin epidermis of hairless mice

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of protein malnutrition on the skin epidermis of mice. A low protein diet induced thinning of the skin epidermis, a decrease of cell proliferative activity in epidermal cells and a decrease of stratum corneum hydration. Dityrosine was immunostained in the cytoplasm of epidermal cells in the low protein diet group. Plasma advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) levels were significantly more increased in the low protein diet group than in the control diet group. These results suggest that protein malnutrition adversely affects the structure and water barrier and reservoir functions of the skin epidermis, and these pathological changes are associated with the expressions of protein oxidation markers, dityrosine and AOPP.     

Unusually rapid growth and adult stature in an American hairless terrier puppy

A puppy was evaluated for rapid growth and large stature. Extensive diagnostic evaluation suggested a growth hormone independent disorder. As the sole detected abnormality was elevated leptin concentration, an obesity syndrome causing leptin resistance was speculated to explain the puppy's condition but was not confirmed. Except for large body size, the puppy remained clinically normal.     

Histopathologic features of the skin of hairless newborn pigs with goiter.

The skin of 15 hairless newborn pigs with parenchymatous goiter was studied histopathologically. Most of the lesions were in the hair follicles; follicles were scarce and reduced in size, contained slender hairs, and revealed a shortage of penetration into the hypodermis. Hair follicles in the immature stages, hair pegs, and germs also were recognized, with the thin epidermis lacking in keratinization. It was felt that these changes resulted from a retardation of cellular differentiation of the germinal layer. In view of these findings, skin lesions were regarded as hypoplasia of hair.     

Experimental protoporphyria in hairless mice: An animal model for photodynamically induced dermatitis

The porphyrias are disorders of the biosynthesis of haem which are characterized by an overproduction, accumulation and excretion of excessive amounts of porphyrins or porphyrinprecursors. This paper briefly reviews the biosynthesis of porphyrins, their distribution in nature and the various types of erythropoietic porphyrias that has been found in man and animals.Particular attention will be given to the photosensitizing activity of porphyrins. In spite of the recognized relationship between porphyrins and photosensitivity the pathogenesis of the photodermatitis of patients who suffer from photosensitive porphyria is not fully understood.Hairless mice which were made protoporphyric by feeding them 3,5-dicarbethoxy-1,4-dihydrocollidine were used to study the protective effect of scavengers of active oxygen species against photohaemolysis and hypersensitivity of the skin to violet light.It is concluded that: 1. besides singlet oxygen other active oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide might also be involved in photohaemolysis and possibly in the reactions leading to the photodermatitis. 2. protoporphyric hairless mice can be used as sensitive models to study the pathogenesis of photodynamically induced types of dermatitis.

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Kurzfassung Die Porphyrien sind Störungen in der Biosynthese des Haem, die durch Überproduktior Akkumulation und Ausscheidung exzessiver Mengen von Porphyrinen oder Porphyrinvorläufern charakterisiert sind. In vorliegender Arbeit wird eine kurze Übersicht gegeben über die Biosynthese der Porphyrine, ihre Verbreitung in der Natur und die verschiedenen Typen von erythropoietischen Porphyrien, die bei Tieren und Menschen gefunden worden sind.Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird der photo-sensitierenden Aktivität der Porphyrine gewidmet. Obwohl eine Beziehung zwischen Porphyrinen und Photosensitivität bekannt ist, ist die Pathogenese der Photodermatitis bei Patienten mit photosensitiver Porphyrie noch nicht voll geklärt.Haarlose Mäuse wurden mit 3,5-di-Carbethoxy-1,4-dihydrocollidin gefüttert um sie protoporphyrisch zu machen. Mit diesen Tieren wurden Untersuchungen über den Schutzeffekt der Reinigun von aktiven Sauerstoffverbindungen bei Photohaemolyse und Überempfindlichkeit der Haut gegenüber violettem Licht durchgeführt.Es wird gefolgert, dass: 1. Neben reinem Sauerstoff könnten auch andere aktive Sauerstoffverbindungen wie Superoxid und Wasserstoffperoxid an der Photohämolyse beteiligt sein und möglicherweiseauch bei Reaktionen die zur Photodermatitis führen. 2. Protoporphyrische, haarlose Mäuse können als empfindliche Modelle für die Untersuchung der Pathogenese der photodynamisch-induzierten Dermatitistypen verwendet werden.

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Resume Les porphyries sont des désordres de la biosynthèse de l'héme caractérisées par une surproduction, une accumulation et l'excrétion de taux élevés de porphyrines ou de leurs précurseurs. Cet article passe rapidement en revue la biosynthèse des porphyrines, leur distribution dans la nature et les différents types de porphyries rencontrés chez l'homme et l'animal.Une attention particulière est accordée à l'activité photosensibilisante des porphyrines. Malgré la relation démontrée entre les porphyrines et la photosensibilité, la pathogénie des lésions cutanées chez les malades atteints de photosensibilisation n'est pas totalement connue.Des souris à peau nue rendues protoporphyriques par ingestion de 3-5-dicarbethoxy-1,4-dihydrocollidine ont été utilisées pour étudier l'effet protecteur de l'oxygène contre la photohémolyse et l'hypersensibilité de la peau à la lumière ultraviolette.Les conclusions de ce travail sont les suivantes: 1. Malgré la protection obtenue par l'oxygène natif d'autres composés oxygènés peuvent être concernés par la photohémolyse et peut être dans les réactions conduisant à la photosensibilisation cutanée. 2. Les souris à peau nue protoporphyriques peuvent être utilisées comme modèle pour étudier la pathogénie des dermatites induites par la photosensibilisation.

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Riassunto Le porfirie sono alterazioni della biosintesi dell'eme caratterizzate da sopraproduzione, accumulo ed escrezione di quantità eccessive di porfirine o di precursori delle porfirine. Il presente lavoro discute brevemente la biosintesi delle porfirine, la loro distribuzione in natura e i vari tipi di porfirie eritropoietiche riscontrate nell'uomo e negli animali.Particolare attenzione sarà rivolta all'attività fotosensibilizzante delle porfirine. Sebbene la relazione fra porfirine e fotosensibilizzazione sia stata accertata, non è ancora del tutto compresa la patogenesi della fotodermatite nei pazienti che soffrono di porfiria fotosensibile.Allo scopo di studiare gli effetti protettivi degli eliminatori delle forme attive di ossigeno nei riguardi della fotoemolisi e della ipersensibilità cutanea alla luce violetta, sono stati usati topini nudi resi protoporfirici mediante somministrazione di 3,5-dicarbetoxi-1,4-diidrocollidina.Le conclusioni sono le seguenti: 1. oltre all'ossigeno nascente, altre forme di ossigeno attivo quali il superossido e il perossido di idrogeno potrebbero sostenere un ruolo nella fotoemolisi e forse nelle reazioni che provocano la fotodermatite. 2. i topini nudi protoporfirici possono essere usati quali sensibili modelli nello studio della patogenesi dei tipi di dermatite indotti per via fotodinamica.

     

Changes in the level of plasma cortisol, progesterone and total testosterone in developing hairless dogs.

Changes in the levels of plasma cortisol, progesterone and total testosterone were examined in developing hairless and haired dogs. Cortisol levels in the hairless dogs seemed to be higher than those in haired dogs within the age of 4-5 weeks. No apparent changes were seen in the level of plasma progesterone between the groups of hairless females and haired females. Total testosterone levels in hairless males showed to be significantly lower than those in haired males at the age of 13-21 weeks.     

Protective effect of the isoflavone equol against DNA damage induced by ultraviolet radiation to hairless mouse skin

Equol, an isoflavonoid metabolite produced from the dietary isoflavone daidzein by the gut microflora in mammals, has been found to protect not only against ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced cutaneous inflammation and photoimmune suppression, but also have anti-photocarcinogenic properties in mice. Because the state of DNA damage has been correlated with suppression of the immune system and photocarcinogenesis, we have therefore examined the potential of equol to offer protection from solar-simulated UV (SSUV) radiation-induced DNA damage in hairless mice by the immunohistochemical approach using monoclonal antibody specific for cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs; H3 antibody). Topical application of 20 µM equol lotion, which was applied both before and after SSUV significantly reduced the number of CPDs. This reduction was evident immediately after SSUV exposure, at 1 h after exposure, and at 24 h after exposure, revealing 54%, 50%, and 26% reduction in CPDs, respectively. When the same concentration was applied for 5 consecutive days after SSUV exposure, there was no significant difference in the reduction of CPDs immediately after SSUV irradiation or at 1 hour afterwards, but there were significant reductions of 23% and 42% at 24 and 48 h after SSUV exposure, respectively. Despite apparently reducing the number of CPDs post-SSUV, topically applied equol did not appear to increase the rate of dimer removal. To conclude, equol applied topically prior to SSUV irradiation offers protection against CPD formation in hairless mice, possibly by acting as a suncreen and thus inhibiting DNA photodamage.     

Hematology and clinical chemistry values of normal and euthymic hairless adult male Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Hematology and serum chemistry measurements were performed on blood specimens from 12 male Dunkin-Hartley hairless guinea pigs Crl:IAF(HA)BR and 10 haired Dunkin-Hartley male guinea pigs Crl:(HA)BR. Significantly higher activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, amylase, and creatine kinase were observed in the hairless guinea pigs as compared to the haired strain. Alkaline phosphatase activity was found to be lower in the hairless guinea pig. The hairless guinea pigs were found to have serum urea concentrations approximately 46% higher than the normal guinea pig strain. The erythrocytic mean cell volume of the hairless strain was found to be smaller, with a greater hemoglobin content. Hairless guinea pigs were found to have approximately 40% fewer leukocytes with a reversed lymphocyte:neutrophil ratio compared to the haired guinea pigs which had much higher lymphocyte counts.     

Investigation into the dosage of dietary sphingomyelin concentrate in relation to the improvement of epidermal function in hairless mice

We previously found that dietary sphingomyelin (SPM) concentrate from bovine milk improved epidermal function. In this study, we investigated the dosage of dietary SPM concentrate from bovine milk in relation to the improvement of epidermal function. Thirteen-week-old hairless male mice were separated into four experimental groups, each fed one of four types of experimental diet: the control group, the low SPM group, the medium SPM group and the high SPM group. The mice were each fed the experimental diet for 6 weeks. The stratum corneum hydration and the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured using a Corneometer and a Tewameter at 3 weeks and 6 weeks. After the feeding period, ceramides in the stratum corneum were analyzed. We found that the stratum corneum hydration in all the SPM groups was significantly higher than that in the control group, whereas TEWL in all the SPM groups was significantly lower than that in the control group. Ceramides increased significantly in mice fed the medium SPM diet and statistically tended to increase in mice fed the high SPM diet. Our results indicate that a daily intake of 17 mg SPM concentrate is enough to improve epidermal function in hairless mice.     

The regional distribution and relative frequency of gastrointestinal endocrine cells in SHK-1 hairless mice: an immunohistochemical study

The regional distributions and relative frequencies of some gastrointestinal endocrine cells in the eight portions (fundus, pylorus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon and rectum) of the gastrointestinal tract of SKH-1 hairless mice were investigated using immunohistochemical methods and seven types of specific antisera against somatostatin, serotonin, glucagon, cholecystokinin (CCK)-8, secretin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and gastrin. In this study, somatostatin-, serotonin-, glucagon-, CCK-8-, secretin- and gastrin-immunoreactive (IR) cells were identified. Most of these IR cells in the intestinal portion were generally spherical or spindle-shaped (open-type cell) while cells that were round in shape (close-type cell) were occasionally found in the stomach regions. Their relative frequencies were varied according to each portion of gastrointestinal tract. Somatostatin-IR cells were found throughout the gastrointestinal tract except for the large intestine. Serotonin-IR cells were detected throughout the whole gastrointestinal tract and were the most predominant endocrine cell types in this species of mouse. Glucagon-IR cells were restricted to the fundus, occurring rarely. CCK-8-IR cells were observed in the pylorus, duodenum and jejunum with frequencies that were numerous, moderate and few, respectively. Peculiarly, secretin-IR cells were demonstrated in the whole intestinal tract with either few or rare frequencies. Gastrin-IR cells were restricted to the pylorus and were numerous. However, no PP-IR cells were found in this study. In conclusion, some peculiar distributional patterns of gastrointestinal endocrine cells were found in SKH-1 hairless mouse.