广州地区娟姗公牛与荷斯坦公牛精液品质的比较研究

本试验选择亚热带气候条件下广州地区的娟姗公牛和荷斯坦公牛各5头,比较两个品种公牛的精液品质(采精量、原精密度、原精活力、细管精液产量、冻后活力、低渗膨胀率及穿透率)。研究表明,荷斯坦公牛每次采精的采精量(16.14±0.06 mL)和细管精液产量(189.17±3.11支)都极显著地高于娟姗公牛(4.74±0.05 mL,158.46±2.64支)(P<0.01);娟姗公牛的原精密度(8.95±0.08亿/mL)极显著地高于荷斯坦公牛(8.32±0.07亿/mL;P<0.01);娟姗公牛原精活力(0.731±0.004)高于荷斯坦公牛(0.729±0.003),但两者差异不显著(P<0.05);娟姗公牛精液的冻后活力(0.355±0.003)极显著高于荷斯坦公牛(0.339±0.003;P<0.01);娟姗公牛冷冻精液的低渗膨胀率(34.50%±0.49%)显著高于荷斯坦公牛(31.21%±0.59%;P<0.01);娟姗公牛冷冻精液对去透明带仓鼠卵的穿透率(84.51%±13.83%)显著高于荷斯坦公牛(81.52%±6.13%;P<0.05)。     

夏南牛与夏洛来公牛精液品质的对比分析研究

[目的]通过比较夏南牛和法系夏洛来的精液品质,探索中原地区肉牛改良的适合品种。[方法]选择中原地区的夏南牛和法系夏洛来种公牛各5头,比较两个品种种公牛的精液品质（采精量、原精密度、原精活力、细管产量、冻后活力、精子畸形率）。[结果]表明：夏南牛公牛精液品质极显著的高于夏洛来牛。[结论]夏南牛公牛更适应中原地区的气候条件...     

不同季节与品种对种公牛精液品质的影响

试验旨在通过对新疆地区安格斯、和牛、利木赞、夏洛来和西门塔尔5个品种种公牛全年精液品质分析,探究不同季节与品种对种公牛精液品质的影响,为冻精生产提供理论依据。选择3～5岁的5个品种的种公牛106头,收集其2018—2019年采精量、原精活力和原精密度共2 211条数据,使用SAS 9.2软件进行分析。结果表明:季节及品种对种公牛精液品质均有极显著影响,其中夏洛来种公牛采精量高于和牛、利木赞及西门塔尔(P<0.01),利木赞种公牛的原精活力高于安格斯、夏洛来(P<0.01),和牛的原精密度高于安格斯和夏洛来(P<0.01);春季的采精量、原精活力及原精密度均高于其他季节(P<0.05或P<0.01)。综上,就新疆地区种公牛精液品质而言,利木赞、夏洛来和西门塔尔种公牛的精液品质相对好于其他品种;春、秋两季种公牛的精液品质较好,建议将精液采集的工作集中在春、秋两季。     

不同鸡蛋饲喂量对西门塔尔种公牛精液品质的影响

研究不同鸡蛋饲喂量对西门塔尔种公牛精液品质的影响。本试验在新疆5~8月份进行,选取15头、4~5岁正常采精的西门塔尔种公牛,按鸡蛋饲喂量的不同平均分为3组,每组5头牛,试验Ⅰ组每日饲喂4个鸡蛋,试验Ⅱ组每日饲喂2个鸡蛋,对照组不饲喂鸡蛋。结果显示,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组种公牛第一、二次采精的精液量极显著高于对照组(P0.01);原精活力无显著差异,但冻后活力均高于对照组;随气温的不断升高,对照组较试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的原精密度上升幅度较大,而且试验Ⅰ组第一、二次采精的原精密度较试验Ⅱ组和对照组极显著偏低(P0.01)。可以得出:增加鸡蛋饲喂量,可以增加西门塔尔种公牛的采精量,有提升精液冻后活力的趋势,但对原精活力无显著影响,而且减少鸡蛋喂量有利于增加原精密度,可以平衡原精密度随季节变化的趋势。其适宜的鸡蛋饲喂量还有待做进一步的研究。     

关于公牛冷冻精液冻后存活精子数的探讨

当前评定公牛精液品质的主要依据是采精量、原精活力、精子密度、精子的冻后复活率(冻精活力/原精活力)等项指标。由于不同公牛精液活力、密度、及冻后复活率不同,总的精液品质优劣就无法衡量。在实际工作中,我们常常发现生产性能和外貌优秀的公牛,由于精液品质低     

南德温种公牛原精、冻精品质初步分析

本文通过统计 1 999年～ 2 0 0 2年 4年中南德温种公牛采精记录 ,对采精量、原精密度、原精活力以及冻后活力进行初步的总结 ,并就这 4项内容的数据进行各季节及各年的相互比较分析。通过数据分析 ,初步总结出了南德温这一引进的新品种鲜精和冻精的品质特性。不同的年份和季节对南德温牛精液无明显影响     

不同季节对种公牛精液品质的影响

种公牛优良的精液对牛群的遗传改良起着极其重要的作用,为了提高种公牛精液品质与冷冻精液的质量,通过对不同季节种公牛精液的原精活力、鲜精密度、射精量及冻后活力的变化进行总结分析,研究不同季节对种公牛精液的品质的影响。结果表明:春季种公牛鲜精活力、密度、冻后活力最佳;夏季鲜精活力与冻后活力最差;秋季射精量最高但密度最低,鲜精活力与冻后活力仅高于夏季;冬季射精量最低,但鲜精活力、密度及冻后活力仅次于春季。因此,充分利用适宜生产的季节,合理安排采精,可提高种公牛的鲜精品质,进而提高冻精产量,使优秀种公牛的遗传潜力得到最大的发挥。     

应用塑料大棚改造种公牛运动场的效果初探

为了探讨不同运动场对种公牛生产性能的影响,通过塑料大棚运动场牛舍饲养模式与常规露天运动场牛舍饲养模式对种公牛生产性能影响的比较试验,测试塑料大棚运动场在种公牛饲养中的应用效果。精液品质按照《牛冷冻精液》标准和《牛冷冻精液生产技术规程》进行测定。采用随机分组试验设计,随机选择一幢常规露天运动场牛舍改造为塑料大棚运动场牛舍,并以其中饲养的13头种公牛为试验组,以相邻的常规露天运动场牛舍及其中饲养的13头种公牛进行同比对照试验;以试验组13头种公牛前12个月的采精记录作为环比对照试验。试验结果表明:同比试验处理,试验组种公牛采精量、原精活力、冷冻精液产量和冷冻精液解冻活力均极显著高于对照组(P0.01);环比试验处理,试验组种公牛采精量、原精活力、冷冻精液产量和冷冻精液解冻活力极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。塑料大棚运动场牛舍饲养模式饲养种公牛效果良好,具有推广应用价值。     

牛细管冷冻精液对提高解冻后精子活力及增强优秀公牛利用率的探讨

当前评定公牛精液品质的主要依据是采精量、原精活力、精子密度、精子的冻后复活率(冻后活力/原精活力)等项指标。而公牛由于个体间的差异使以上各项评定指标,尤其使冻后解冻活力出现较大差异。精液冷冻主要目的是为充分利用优良种公牛的精液,以先进的手段--深冷技术,制成冻精剂型加以保存,然后解冻(40℃水浴)复     

不同季节和气候条件对种公牛精液品质的影响的研究

[目的]研究不同季节气候条件对种公牛精液品质的影响。[方法]从采精种公牛中随机抽出5头,选取气温最高（7月份）最低（1月份）和适中温度（4,9月份）进行试验,分别对不同时期所采得的精液进行检测。[结果]在最高温度月份7月份（25℃）时5头种公牛的平均精液量为5.88mL,原精活率67.2%,精液密度16.64亿/mL,冻后活率33.8%,生产冻精数143.4剂,精子畸形率23%。1月份环境温度平均在-11.2℃时,5头种公牛的精液量平均为5.7mL,原精活率66.8%,精液密度13.3亿/mL,冻后活率37.4%,生产冻精数为275.8剂,精子畸形率17.8%。在4,9月份环境温度12℃时精液量为6.6mL,原精活率73.2%,精液密度16.92亿/mL,冻后活率41.8%,生产冻精数404.4剂,精子畸形率12.6%。精液量之间差异显著（P〈0.05）,原精活率之间差异显著（P〈0.05）,精子畸形率之间差异显著（P〈0.05）。冻后活率和冻精生产数差异不显著。[结论]环境温度过高或者过低都会影响精液品质,种公牛在适宜的温度下生产的精液品质也会更加优良,种公牛在温度较高的条件下生产精液品质比在低温条件下还要差,种公牛最适宜的生产温度为12℃～16℃。     

Effect of collection frequency on the semen quality of broiler breeder

1. Seven 35-week-old Hubbard broiler breeder males were subjected to three semen collection frequencies either once every 2 d (48 h), daily (24 h) or twice daily (12 h). 2. Semen characteristics including motility, volume, concentration and sperm numbers per ejaculate were determined for each ejaculate. 3. Sperm motility was unaffected by collection interval, but semen volume was lower at 12 than 24h intervals. Sperm concentration was lower at 12 than 48h intervals. 4. At 24 and 48 h number of sperm per collection (1.7+/-0.2, 1.8+/-0.2 x 10(9)) were higher than at 12 h (1.2+/-0.1 x 10(9)). 5. The number of semen doses over a 6-d period increased linearly as the frequency of collection increased from once every 2 d to twice daily. 6. It is concluded that output was theoretically maximal at twice daily collection, but in practice not all cockerels may be able to maintain full performance with such a demanding regime.     

Genetic parameters for semen production traits in Swiss dairy bulls

Variance components (VC) were estimated for the semen production trait ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and sperm motility in the Swiss cattle breeds Brown Swiss (BS), Original Braunvieh (OB), Holstein (HO), Red‐Factor‐Carrier (RF), Red Holstein (RH), Swiss Fleckvieh (SF) and Simmental (SI). For this purpose, semen production traits from 2,617 bulls with 124,492 records were used. The data were collected in the years 2000–2012. The model for genetic parameter estimation across all breeds included the fixed effects age of bull at collection, year of collection, month of collection, number of collection per bull and day, interval between consecutive collections, semen collector, bull breed as well as a random additive genetic component and a permanent environmental effect. The same model without a fixed breed effect was used to estimate VC and repeatabilities separately for each of the breeds BS, HO, RH, SF and SI. Estimated heritabilities across all breeds were 0.42, 0.25 and 0.09 for ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and sperm motility, respectively. Different heritabilities were estimated for ejaculate volume (0.42; 0.45; 0.49; 0.40; 0.10), sperm concentration (0.34; 0.30; 0.20; 0.07; 0.23) and number of semen portions (0.18; 0.30; 0.04; 0.14; 0.04) in BS, HO, RH, SF and SI breed, respectively. The phenotypic and genetic correlations across all breeds between ejaculate volume and sperm concentration were negative (?0.28; ?0.56). The other correlations across all breeds were positive. The phenotypic and genetic correlations were 0.01 and 0.19 between sperm motility and ejaculate volume, respectively. Between sperm motility and sperm concentration, the phenotypic and genetic correlations were 0.20 and 0.36, respectively. The results are consistent with other analyses and show that genetic improvement through selection is possible in bull semen production traits.     

不同采精阶段对后备北极公狐的射精量、精子活力及密度的影响

采用后备北极公狐在配种期内用６个阶段的采精频率检测公狐精液的采出率、射精量、精子活力和密度。精液采出率以３月下旬和４月上旬最高,极显著地高于３月上旬（Ｐ＜００１）;射精量以３月下旬和４月上旬最高,３月上、中旬最低（Ｐ＜００５）;精子活力以４月上旬最高,极显著地高于４月下旬（Ｐ＜００１）,但４月上旬与其他阶段差异不显著（Ｐ＞００５）;精子密度以３月中旬和４月中旬最大,３月下旬最低,二者差异显著（Ｐ＜００５）。结果表明,不同的采精阶段对后备公狐的射精量、精子活力和密度均有一定的影响,尤其对后备公狐发情开始和接近结束阶段的影响更大。     

The Effect of Season on Semen Characteristics and Freezability in Bos indicus and Bos taurus Bulls in the Southeastern Region of Brazil

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of season in southeast of Brazil comparing genotypes on semen characteristics, freezability and peripheral plasma concentrations of testosterone. Ejaculates of five Bos indicus bulls and six Bos taurus bulls were evaluated over a period of 27 months, which was divided into winter (July, August, September), spring (October, November, December), summer (January, February, March) and autumn (April, May, June). Semen was evaluated according to standard procedures for ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, gross-motility, progressive motility and sperm morphology. After preparing and freezing the ejaculates according to commercial procedures, the straws were stored in liquid N₂ until post-thaw evaluation. Ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, gross-motility, progressive sperm motility, vigor and morphological sperm defects were significantly influenced by season and genotype (p < 0.05). Heat tolerance was better in B. indicus bulls than in B. taurus bulls characterized by lower values of sperm abnormalities throughout the observation period. The highest values were recorded for abnormal heads followed by cytoplasmatic droplets in B. taurus bulls. The proportion of ejaculates which were eliminated before freezing for reasons of bad quality was lower in the B. indicus bulls. Temporal changes in peripheral plasma testosterone concentrations were higher in B. indicus bulls than in B. taurus bulls not revealing seasonal influences. The results of this study show clear genotype differences regarding semen quality. Freezability of B. taurus semen varies considerably throughout the year, leading to a high proportion of eliminated ejaculates. Collecting semen from B. taurus bulls during the summer in an artificial insemination centre may not be profitable.     

Genetic Parameters for Semen Production Traits in Austrian Dual-Purpose Simmental Bulls

Genetic parameters were estimated for semen production traits collected in an Austrian AI centre in the years 2000-2004. In total, 12,746 ejaculates from 301 Austrian dual-purpose Simmental (Fleckvieh) AI bulls were examined considering different effects on ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, percentage of viable spermatozoa in the ejaculate, total spermatozoa per ejaculate and motility. The model for genetic parameter estimation included the fixed effects age of bull, collection interval, number of collections on collection day, bull handler, semen collector, year and month of collection, a random additive genetic component and a permanent environmental effect. Correlations between estimated breeding values for semen traits and male fertility from the routine evaluation were calculated. The fertility trait considered in the routine evaluation is non-return rate 90 for the first insemination. All semen production traits were moderately heritable. Heritabilities for volume, concentration, percentage of viable spermatozoa, total number of spermatozoa and motility were 0.18, 0.14, 0.10, 0.22 and 0.04, respectively. Correlations between breeding values for semen quality traits and routinely estimated breeding values for male fertility were low and ranged from 0.08 to 0.17 indicating that semen production traits are rather poor predictors of male fertility.     

Characterization and cooled storage of semen from corn snakes (Elaphe guttata).

The phylogenetic order Squamata has many representatives that could benefit from the use of semen preservation as a tool for assisting conservation. To date, few studies have been made evaluating the potential for collecting and preserving semen from snakes. The objectives of this study were to characterize semen parameters of the corn snake (Elaphe guttata), including appearance, volume, concentration, sperm motility, and sperm morphology, and to determine the longevity of corn snake sperm motility stored at 4 degrees C. Single semen samples were collected from 22 adult corn snakes. The appearance of the corn snake semen was generally cloudy, and the color was white to tan. Corn snake spermatozoa initially exhibited a median motility of 92.5%. Corn snakes were found to produce small-volume ejaculates (median 0.01 ml). However, the overall concentration of the snake ejaculate was high (chi = 852 x 10(6) +/- 585 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml). Morphologically, a mean of 75.7 +/- 9.3% of the sperm cells in an ejaculate were normal. Snake ejaculate with a white appearance had significantly higher sperm concentrations (chi = 1,859 x 10(6) +/- 1,008 x 106 sperm cells/ml; F = 15.74, P = 0.001) than tan ejaculates (chi = 601 x 10(6) +/- 439 x 106 sperm cells/ml). Sperm motility decreased significantly in samples that were stored at 4 degrees C for greater than 48 hr in a refrigerator or Equitainer I. This is the first study to characterize semen volume, appearance, and concentration; sperm motility; and sperm morphology in captive corn snakes. The information derived from this study can be used to develop a model for a collection, cooled storage, and shipping program for semen from endangered or threatened captive and wild snakes.     

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Semen Traits in A.I. Bulls

Contents: Repeatability and heritability coefficients were estimated for ejaculate volume, mass movement, individual motility, sperm concentration, first and second post-freezing control of motility, number of doses frozen, total number of spermatozoa and total number of motile spermatozoa per ejaculate in the first ten ejaculates of 175 Swiss Holstein and 673 Simmental young bulls (200 pure Simmental, 473 Simmental x Red Holstein crosses). Data were analysed using the univariate individual animal model with effects of interval between consecutive collections, age of bull at collection, season of collection, breed group of Simmental bulls according to percentage of Red Holstein genes, bull (within breed group) and permanent environment. Crossbred bulls had a better performance in all traits. Repeatability coefficients ranged from 0.28 to 0.46. They indicate that the prediction of semen quality in young bulls of the Swiss Holstein and the Simmental breed is possible to some extent. Heritabilities in Swiss Holstein bulls were generally very low and did usually not exceed 0.10, but standard errors of these estimates were high. Relatively high heritabilities (0.18–0.30) were found for Simmental bulls, Differences in heritabilities between these two breed groups were probably a consequence of the low number of Swiss Holstein bulls.     

Measurement of Concentration and Viability in Stallion Sperm

Sperm concentration and sperm membrane intactness (SMI) or viability are two measures of sperm quality that provide important but different information about a stallion's reproductive capability. Sperm concentration is a measure that, by itself, informs little about the reproductive status of either the stallion or the ejaculate. Nevertheless, it is part of the product, along with semen volume, that determines total sperm number. The correct calculation of total sperm number directly affects the number of mares a stallion can breed and therefore, fertility. If either sperm concentration or semen volume is incorrectly measured, both the number of mares that a stallion can breed and the fertility of those breedings are affected. Although considerable between-stallion variation exists, sperm concentration, semen volume and total sperm number tend to be seasonal and vary with ejaculation frequency.     

中草药复合饲料添加剂对公猪精液品质影响的研究

采用１６种中草药、微量元素、维生素配制成的中草药复合饲料添加剂饲喂高强度采精的公猪，结果表明能明显改善精子活力、精液密度及存活时间，对采精量及情期受胎率也有一定改善。