Potentiation of epinephrine and norepinephrine by iproniazid

The effects of pretreatment with iproniazid on the toxicity and cataract-producing ability of epinephrine and norepinephrine were studied. The epinephrine and norepinephrine were administered in such a way that a slow, prolonged rate of absorption was achieved. Under these conditions, the lethality and cataract-producing ability of these amines were shown to be significantly enhanced by the action of iproniazid.     

Tissue levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine in hemorrhagic shock

Severe depletion of endogenous norepinephrine was observed in the brain, heart, liver, and spleen of albino rabbits in which hemorrhagic shock had been induced. On the other hand, the epinephrine content of these tissues was significantly elevated above the levels in tissues of control animals. The norepinephrine and epinephrine levels of skeletal muscle in shocked animals remained unaffected.     

肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素对鲫鱼离体培养的肝组织5''-MDA活性的影响

甲状腺素是一种非常重要的内分泌激素,它与鱼类的变态、生长、代谢、渗透压的调节等都有密切的关系[1]。Letherland等[2]通过实验证实在虹鳟鱼类肝脏和肾脏的组织细胞中含有一种5’-单脱碘酶(5’-MDA),它可使从血浆中释放到肝组织中的T4通过脱碘作用转化为生物活性高的T3。这种5’-MDA的活性受一些儿茶酚胺类激素的影响,从而可以使机体运用儿茶酚胺类激素通过调节5’-MDA的活性来影响外周T3的生成[3]。本工作运用离体方法研究了儿茶酚胺类激素(肾上腺素E和去甲肾上腺素NE)对鲫鱼肝组织的5’-MDA在调节T3形成过程中的影响,以期为…     

肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素对鲫鱼离体培养的肝组织5''-MDA活性的影响

甲状腺素是一种非常重要的内分泌激素,它与鱼类的变态、生长、代谢、渗透压的调节等都有密切的关系[1]。Letherland等[2]通过实验证实在虹鳟鱼类肝脏和肾脏的组织细胞中含有一种5’-单脱碘酶(5’-MDA),它可使从血浆中释放到肝组织中的T4通过脱碘作用转化为生物活性高的T3。这种5’-MDA的活性受一些儿茶酚胺类激素的影响,从而可以使机体运用儿茶酚胺类激素通过调节5’-MDA的活性来影响外周T3的生成[3]。本工作运用离体方法研究了儿茶酚胺类激素(肾上腺素E和去甲肾上腺素NE)对鲫鱼肝组织的5’-MDA在调节T3形成过程中的影响,以期为…     

Uptake of tritium-labeled norepinephrine in brain and other tissues of cat in vitro

Slices of cat cerebral cortex, heart, and spleen that have been incubated in media containing approximately 5 to 25 mmicrog of dl-norepinephrine-7H(8) per milliliter contain levels of isotopic amine greater than those in the medium. The effects of norepinephrine concentration, reserpine, and ouabain on the uptake suggest that the amine enters cells both by diffusion and by a concentrating miechanism that is saturated at low levels of norepinephrine. The drugs inhibit the latter.     

Enzymatic O-methylation of N-acetylserotonin to melatonin

An enzyme, hydroxyindole-O-methyl transferase, that can transfer the methyl group of S-adenosylmethionine to the hydroxy group of N-acetylserotonin to form the hormone melatonin is described. This enzyme, which is highly localized in the pineal gland, also O-methylates serotonin.     

Methyltetrahydrofolic acid mediates N- and O-methylation of biogenic amines

A variety of mammalian and avian tissues N- and O-methylate indoleamines and phenylethylamines, with methyltetrahydrofolic acid as the methyl donor. Because it is considerably more efficient than S-adenosylmethionine, methyltetrahydrofolic acid may be the natural methyl donor in this reaction. With methyltetrahydrofolic acid, serotonin is O-methylated to 5-methoxytryptamine, a novel indoleamine in mammalian brain.     

Estrogenic induction of ornithine decarboxylase in vivo and in vitro

Injection of estrogens (17beta-estradiol or diethylstilbestrol) into immature chicks results in a marked (30- to 50-fold) increase in the ornithine decarboxylase activity of oviductal homogenates within a 4-hour period. Similar stimulations were obtained when estrogen was injected into hypophysectomized or castrated rats and the uterus was examined for decarboxylase activity. An elevation of decarboxylase activity was obtained in vitro when oviducts from immature chicks were incubated in the presence of estrogen. These data indicate a direct action of estrogen on oviduct tissue to promote a rapid increase in the activity of a specific enzyme and represent the first example of a completely in vitro enzyme response to estrogen.     

Lactate dehydrogenase of trout: hybridization in vivo and in vitro

Speckled trout and lake trout contain five forms of lactate dehydrogenase, but a diflerent electrophoretic distribution of isozymes characterizes each species. The hybrid splake, which is produced artificially by fertilizing lake trout eggs with speckled trout sperm, contains nine isozymes. This comnplement of isozymeg In vivo could be produced in vitro by recombination of subunits from tissues of the parent species. In the splake trout, this complement is the result of heterozygosity at the gene locus responsible for synthesis of LDH-5. Extracts of trout eyes contain at least two additional forms of LDH which could not be demonstrated in other tissues.     

Antimalarials: effects on in vivo and in vitro protein synthesis

The antimalarials quinine, chloroquine, primaquine, and quinacrine inhibited the uptake and incorporation of amino acids in vivo, but these drugs had considerably less effect on cell-free protein synthesis. The results indicate that the primary effect of the four drugs on protein synthesis is blocking of amino acid uptake by the cells.     

Psychotomimetic N-methylated tryptamines: formation in brain in vivo and in vitro

The use of a sensitive enzymatic assay demonstrates that tryptamine occurs normally in rat brain. Intracisternal administration of [(14)C]tryptamine results in the formation of N-methyl-and dimethyltryptamine(a psychotomimetic compound)in the rat brain. An enzyme that converts tryptamine and N-methyl-tryptamine to N-methyl-and dimethyltryptamine was found to be present in rat and human brain. The N-methylation of tryptamine was inhibited by normally occurring compounds present in rat brain.     

土壤脲酶抑制剂和硝化抑制剂的研究进展

氮素是农作物生长必不可少的元素,在促进农作物生长,提高产量方面起到了不可忽视的作用.所以,土壤中氮肥的施用成为控制高产的主要因素.但是随着氮肥施用量的增加,土壤过多累积的硝态氮又导致了环境污染方面的问题.为了解决这种污染问题,许多学者在对脲酶抑制剂和硝化抑制剂的研究上取得了很好的进展,利用脲酶抑制剂和硝化抑制剂可以很好的抑制土壤中铵态氮的硝化作用,控制硝态氮的大量积累所导致的环境污染.     

东方田鼠胚胎体内外生长发育

采用外阴观察法及阴道涂片法,观察到东方田鼠的发情周期为7d左右;PMSG—HCG的剂量及间隔时间对东方田鼠的超数排卵无显著影响;采用PMSG5～25U注射后即合笼,可使东方田鼠达到或接近正常排卵;东方田鼠的胚胎体外用HTF溶液培养,能正常发育至二细胞胚胎或囊胚期胚胎,比例分别为73%、30%、60%、83%和100%。     

人参须超微粉水提液体内外抗肿瘤药理作用研究

[目的]观察人参须超微粉水提液体内外抗肿瘤活性及其对免疫器官的影响。[方法]用MTT法观察人参须超微粉水提液对CNE-2Z瘤株的体外抗肿瘤作用;以荷瘤小鼠瘤重、抑瘤率为考察指标,检测人参须超微粉水提液对小鼠移植性肿瘤S180的抑制作用;以胸腺重量、肝脏重量、脾脏重量、白细胞数等为考察指标,观察人参须超微粉水提液对免疫器官的影响。[结果]人参须超微粉水提液对CNE-2Z瘤株有显著的体外抗肿瘤作用,对荷瘤小鼠S180在体内也有抗肿瘤活性。[结论]人参须超微粉水提液具有一定的体内外抗肿瘤活性,没有发现对免疫功能有明显抑制作用。     

苹果多酚体内外抗甲型流感病毒作用

体外试验利用甲型流感病毒感染狗肾细胞(MDCK)致细胞病变(CPE)模型评价苹果多酚对流感病毒复制的抑制作用;体内试验利用小鼠感染流感病毒致鼠肺适应株模型,以死亡保护率和生命延长率等为指标,评价苹果多酚体内抗流感病毒作用。利用体外不同作用模式试验、不同作用时间点试验和血凝抑制试验(HI)研究苹果多酚抗流感病毒作用机制。研究结果表明,苹果多酚对甲型H9N2、H3N2和H1N1 3种亚型流感病毒引起的细胞病变表现出不同程度的抑制作用,50%抑制浓度(IC50)分别是0.012、0.0042、0.003 mg/mL。200 mg/(kg.d)剂量苹果多酚对H1N1亚型流感病毒感染小鼠有明显的保护作用和延长生命率的作用(P<0.05)。苹果多酚对3种亚型流感病毒的血凝抑制最小浓度(MIC)在0.25～0.5 mg/mL范围之间。对病毒复制周期的吸附和穿入的抑制作用是其主要作用机制。说明苹果多酚在体内外均具有显著的抗流感病毒作用。