适应新常态,发展茶产业

在互联网和物联网的覆盖下,茶产业呈现了新常态,包括:发展模式从产量快速增长型转为结构优化的平稳增长型;品牌建设进入"酒香也怕巷子深"的时代;宣传和科普中热文化、冷常识;市场需求多样化;重产业规划、轻市场需求研究。为了使茶企适应新常态发展需求,作者建议:培育多样化茶树品种、促进多样化产品开发;主动融入"一带一路"经济建设;深入研究茶叶市场规律,合理规划产业规模;重视茶叶科普,提倡科学饮茶;通过"茶叶+"发展复合型业态茶产业;多渠道推广品牌。     

推广茶园生产机械化 助推茶产业提档升级

宜都市农业（机）技术推广部门强化农机农艺融合,推行茶园生产机械化、标准化建设,助推了茶产业的转型升级.     

甜菜抗丛根病种质创新与分子生物技术

甜菜坏死黄脉病毒（BNYVV）及其新变异株P型和IV-A型仍对甜菜生产造成重大损失。选育抗病品种是防治该病的唯一有效措施。用ELISA和实时定量逆转录PCR技术测定BNYVV和P．betae可对杂交后代分离群体或转基因后代中的抗病个体进行选择。AFLP、KAPD和PCR等分子标记的建立可对抗病基因位点Rz1（Holly）、Rz2（WB42）、Rz3（WB41）和Rz4（C50,R22）进行辅助选择。在分离植物抗病基因方面,已获得含Rz1的BAC克隆和候选基因。转基因甜菜含重复倒置的BNYVV复制酶基因、RNA-2转运蛋白P15突变基因或CP基因显著提高了抗病性。国际合作可有效地利用资源,加快抗病种质创新。     

油菜菌核病菌对嘧菌环胺和不同杀菌剂敏感性的相关分析

为了明确油菜菌核病菌对新型杀菌剂嘧菌环胺的敏感性和该药剂与其它杀菌剂的交互抗性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定江苏省不同地区的53个油菜菌核病菌菌株对嘧菌环胺的敏感性,并测定对嘧菌环胺不同敏感性的10个菌株对菌核净、异菌脲、腐霉利、多菌灵、咪鲜胺和戊唑醇等杀菌剂的敏感性。结果表明,菌株间对嘧菌环胺的敏感性差异显著, EC50（抑制中浓度）值在0.0342～1.087 6μg/mL之间;通过EC50值相关性分析,油菜菌核病菌对嘧菌环胺与上述杀菌剂之间不存在交互抗性。 关     

大豆加工业如何面对市场经济准入制度

本文通过对相关政策文本的参阅,实际生产技术工作的考察和财务决算报表分析,结合大豆加工业中的综合产业建设,工艺设备应用,主辅材料的选择,相关质量标准的比对,规章制度的确立等具体工作,说明了大豆加工产业目前面对市场经济准入制度的必要性、重要性和迫切性。对于市场经济准入制度提出建议性的要求,旨在提升我国大豆加工业总体技术水平,尽快与国际相关政策标准文本接轨,充实完善财务工作内容     

浅谈永德芒果产业现状、问题与发展对策

简述云南永德芒果的栽培历史和产业现状,分析了目前芒果产业发展中存在的问题,提出促进产业发展的对策。     

棉花蕾期受涝后的生育特点及抢管措施

棉花具有喜温光，忌渍涝的生物学特性，在其现蕾阶段，渍涝灾害可严重地影响棉花的正常生长发育。2003年7月4日至11日，潜江市连降百年罕见的大暴雨，累计降雨量318.8mm，是常年的5.4倍，日均温25.1℃，比常年低2.2℃，致使全市333.3khm^2棉田普遍受灾，3.3khm^2棉田绝收改种。严重受涝棉田一是地势低洼，二是排水条件差。为了掌握棉花严重受涝后的症状及生育特点。     

A viewpoint to apply water pricing to the Asian humid tropics

The OECD has introduced a water pricing mechanism and listed eight categories gleaned from experience in OECD countries. However, in the Asian humid tropics, it is too early to apply water pricing because there is seldom a concept of water right, or practical organization of water management. In almost all irrigation projects in Japan, area charge has been applied, and collected fees have recovered entire operation and maintenance costs. Although effective volumetric charge is employed in several regions in Japan, most farmers pay area-based annual charges at several times of the year via Land Improvement Districts. In the Asian humid tropics, it is important to facilitate the establishment of sound management organizations of irrigation water before introducing a strict water pricing mechanism to levy the charge.     

发根农杆菌抑菌剂的抑菌效果及对茶组培苗丛生芽的影响

研究了MS培养基中不同浓度头孢噻肟钠（Cefotaxime sodium）、羧苄青霉素（Carbenicillin）和特美汀（Timentin）3种抑菌剂对发根农杆菌的抑制效果及对茶树组培苗丛生芽的影响。结果显示,头孢噻肟钠和特美汀均可以有效抑制农杆菌LBA9402、15834,而15834在羧苄青霉素的板上17βd内长出;对于外植体,头孢噻肟钠和羧苄青霉素都显著降低了茶组培苗的丛生芽增殖率,且畸形苗率高;当特美汀质量浓度在400βmg·L^-1以下时,对茶组培苗影响较小,与正常对照无显著差异,特美汀具有作为茶树遗传转化体系中抑菌剂的潜力。     

Models of the interconnection of pumps to supply water to branched networks

The basic concepts from a hydraulic and mathematical point of view were introduced to describe the operation of a hydraulic branched network of water distribution. Moreover, each one of the elements (simples and complex) of the system was identified. Classic hydraulic equations were inputted to apply them to branched networks and obtain a standard solution. A set of linear and non-linear equations, through the Newton–Raphson method with the jacobian matrix were required to solve the branched network that interconnects two kinds of very different pumps: a volute type centrifugal pump and another one is submersible pump, both of them installed in a deep well. The system is a branched network with two nodes and five pipe lines, to adequately supply two pressure irrigation systems: a central pivot and a semi-portable sprinkler, where the pumps are located in different places and heights. The solution was obtained by solving a system of two linear equations and three non-linear, simultaneously.     

Lightning damage to potatoes

Summary Two distinct round patches were observed in a potato field where the haulm showed symptoms like those of blackleg. The remainder of the field was in vigorous growth. Affected stems had long cracks andErwinia carotovora var.atroseptica was isolated from some. This had probably developed subsequently on damaged tissue and no rotting was apparent below soil level. Most of the tubers were decayed but noErwinia and only green pseudomonads were detected. Local meteorological records showed that thunderstorms occurred on only one day (1 August) in the six weeks before observation of the field symptoms. It was concluded from all evidence that the condition described was caused by a lightning strike on that day.