牛乳掺硫酸盐的快速检测的研究

芒硝是一种轻泻剂,无毒无臭,可以大量的掺人牛乳中而不引起凝结,增加牛乳的密度。实验证实,7.5％的芒硝水溶液密度为1.028,与鲜牛乳的密度相近。此外,芒硝价格便宜,来源方便,有些人。利用芒硝的这些特点,在牛乳中掺水的同时,掺人大量的芒硝。     

生鲜牛乳中掺碱物快速检测报告

[目的]为快速、准确检测出生鲜牛乳中掺碱物,保证牛奶卫生安全.[方法]采用食品检验GB/T5009.46-2003检测方法检测生鲜牛乳中掺碱物,对新疆巴州辖区内17个奶站进行了抽样检测.[结果]60份生鲜乳样品中结果58份为无掺碱或掺碱量为0,2份生鲜乳样品中的掺碱量为0.05％以上.[结论]对巴州辖区内17个奶站的生鲜牛乳进行了抽样检测掺碱物项目,60份生鲜牛乳样品结果58份为无掺碱或掺碱量为0,2份生鲜乳样品中的掺碱量为0.05％以上,合格率97％.     

浅谈掺假乳的检测方法

牛乳与人们的生活密不可分。饲养管理好，环境卫生清洁，干燥通风，健康奶牛挤出的乳汁具有光泽，呈乳白色不透明的液体，倒入杯中时发出舒畅的流动音。     

牛奶中掺含氮类化肥的快速检测方法

牛奶中掺含氮类化肥的快速检测方法○云南农业大学动物科技学院（昆明市６５０２０１）徐昆龙○云南农业大学食品科学部（６５０２０１）萧蓉我们就农村中最容易从市场买到的铵肥和尿素掺假物对鲜奶收购标准的影响及快速检测方法进行了研究,现介绍如下,供参考。１铵肥和...     

掺亚硝酸盐牛乳快速检验方法研究

应用四种试剂和一种试纸,对掺亚硝酸盐牛乳的检验方法进行了研究。结果表明,由甲萘胺、对氨基苯磺酸、酒石酸制成的检验粉剂具有简便、快速等特点,最低检出量为0.2ppm,适合于现场快速检验。     

鲜牛乳掺水的快速检测

鲜牛乳掺水的快速检测＊徐昆龙肖蓉（云南农业大学动物科技学院,昆明６５０２０１）近年来,随着鲜奶消费量的增加,促进个体养牛业的迅速发展,但鲜奶供应中的卫生状况却引起了社会的担忧,由于目前鲜奶收购标准和检验方法的不完善,导致了部分养牛户为谋取暴利,在鲜奶...     

Effect of soya bean and fish oil inclusion in diets on milk and plasma enzymes from sheep and goat related to oxidation

This study investigated the effects of dietary inclusion of soya bean oil combined with fish oil (SFO) on the activities of a) superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and glutathione transferase (GST) in blood plasma and b) SOD, GR, CAT and lactoperoxidase (LPO) in the milk of sheep and goats. Furthermore, the oxidative stress indicators for measuring total antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging activity [ferric reducing ability of plasma ( FRAP) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays] and oxidative stress biomarkers [malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC)] were also determined in the blood plasma and milk of the animals. For this purpose, twelve dairy sheep and twelve dairy goats were assigned each to two homogenous subgroups. Treatments in both animal species involved a control diet without added oil and a diet supplemented with 5% soya bean oil and 1% fish oil. The results showed that the inclusion of SFO in the diets of sheep and goats increased significantly the activities of CAT and GR in their blood plasma. The same effect was observed for the activities of GST and FRAP in the blood plasma of goats. Moreover, the fact that the goats had significantly higher average daily PUFA intake (3.62 g/kg BW^0.75) compared to sheep (2.51 g/kg BW^0.75) resulted in an enhancement in the MDA content in their plasma. A significant increase in CAT activity in the milk in both animal species fed with SFO diets was also found. Finally, due to the higher apparent transfer rate of n‐3 FA from the diet to the milk in sheep, the PC concentrations were found to be enhanced in their plasma and milk. In conclusion, the impact of dietary SFO supplementation on the oxidative status of body and/or on the milk of small ruminants depends not only on the daily PUFA intake, but also on the amount of n‐3 FA that reach their milk.     

电子鼻对原料羊乳中掺假过期复原乳的检测

利用电子鼻技术结合多种化学计量学方法,对原料羊乳中掺假过期复原乳进行快速定性判别和定量分析.将过期复原乳按不同比例掺入到原料羊乳中,进行电子鼻检测.通过电子鼻采集不同比例掺假乳挥发性成分的响应值,然后利用主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)、Fisher线性判别分析(fisher linear discriminant analysis,FLDA)以及线性回归拟合分析进行定性判别和定量分析,建立基于电子鼻技术检测原料羊乳掺假的方法.结果表明:FLDA及PCA都能够区分出不同比例的掺假奶,且FLDA区分效果优于PCA;线性回归拟合分析的相关系数为88.4％,预测值与实际掺假值呈现一定的线性关系,表明该模型具有较好的泛化能力.因此利用电子鼻实现原料羊乳掺假的快速定性判别和定量分析是可行的.     

Evaluating the suitability of maggot meal as a partial substitute of soya bean on the productive traits,digestibility indices and organoleptic properties of broiler meat

This study was conducted to replace soya bean meal with maggot meal at difference percentages. A total of 120 one‐day‐old broiler chicks were divided into four groups. Four diets were formulated with maggot meal to replace soya bean meal at the rate of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% designated as A, B, C and D respectively. Feed and water were offered ad libitum during the study which lasted for 28 days. Feed intake decreased significantly in treated groups while body weight, Feed conversion ratio and dressing percentage increased significantly in group D. Apparent metabolizable energy increased significantly in the group fed 30% maggot meal; however, no significant difference was found in dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, ash and nitrogen free extract between the control and treated groups. The result of sensory evaluation revealed that tenderness and juiciness increased significantly in group C and B respectively. The colour and flavour were most accepted in group B and C. The results indicate that replacement of soya bean meal at the rate of 30% in broiler feed produced most favourable results.     

奶牛乳房炎对主要牛奶成分的影响

通过选择年龄、胎次、产奶量、泌乳期等指标相近的健康奶牛4头,临床型乳房炎自然发病病例4头,连续7d分别抽取4头乳房炎患牛正常乳区、患病乳区及4头健康奶牛的牛奶进行测定,测定乳房炎病牛治疗过程中的乳蛋白、乳脂、密度、非脂乳固体、乳干物质、乳糖等成分含量,并对这些测定数据进行相关性差异分析。结果显示,同一头患牛的患病乳区的各乳成分含量极显著高于正常乳区;乳房炎患牛正常乳区组、异常乳区组与健康奶牛组的乳成分含量均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)或极显著差异(P<0.01),健康奶牛的乳脂含量极显著高于乳房炎患牛正常和异常乳区组;乳房炎患牛的正常、异常乳区组与健康奶牛组的牛奶成分含量均值图存在明显变化趋势,健康牛组的牛奶成分在一周内保持稳定,而乳房炎患牛的正常与异常乳区在一周内都存在曲折上升和不断上升的过程。乳房炎患牛正常乳区各成分含量显著低于异常乳区。乳房炎患牛的乳蛋白、非脂乳固体、乳糖含量高于健康牛,乳脂低于健康牛,乳干物质则与健康牛保持相对平衡。     

我国规模牛场奶牛个体生鲜乳乳蛋白水平及影响因素探析

本研究旨在探析我国规模奶牛场奶牛个体乳蛋白的水平、分布和影响因素。利用SAS9．0的GLM过程,统计分析覆盖16省（市、区）,33个规模奶牛场,23351头中国荷斯坦牛,从2007年至2009年连续3年的237430个奶牛个体生鲜乳的乳蛋白率检测记录。分析表明,我国规模奶牛场奶牛个体生鲜乳的乳蛋白率平均3．28±0．22％。其中,乳蛋白率大于等于2．95％的奶牛个体占80．2％,所提供乳蛋白量占群体混合样生鲜乳总蛋白量的79．3％。奶牛的胎次、产奶阶段、产奶量、乳脂率、体细胞数、泌乳季节、泌乳月份都极显著影响奶牛个体生鲜乳的乳蛋白率（P〈0．01）;饲养区域、奶牛场和年度总体显著影响奶牛个体生鲜乳的乳蛋白率（P〈0．05）。我国规模奶牛场奶牛个体生鲜乳的乳蛋白率主要处于2．95％以上（〉80％）,合理调控各种影响因素,可有效提高生鲜乳的乳蛋白率。     

计算奶牛产奶性能的计算机程序设计

该程序用C语言编写的一个计算奶牛产奶性能的程序。该程序以奶牛的产奶性能测定数据为例,与现场的计算方法进行比较分析,结果表明,此程序计算准确、方便快捷,有利于牛的选种选配。     

中国荷斯坦牛初乳、常乳与乳房炎乳乳成分及理化性质的比较研究

本文旨在研究中国荷斯坦牛初乳、常乳及乳房炎乳乳成分及理化性质的差异。对扬州大学试验农牧场36头中国荷斯坦牛乳常规成分、乳密度和导电率进行了测定（其中初乳牛6头,产奶时间为产犊后1h到第8天,正常乳16头（无隐性乳房炎）,患不同程度隐性乳房炎奶牛14头）。结果表明,初乳随着泌乳时间的延长,乳蛋白率、SNF含量、密度和滴定酸度逐渐下降,乳脂率在波动中下降,导电率无明显变化规律;正常乳与隐性乳房炎乳乳脂率差异不显著（P〉0.05）,导电率差异显著（P〈0.05）,蛋白率、SNF、密度差异极显著（P〈0.01）。结果提示,随泌乳时间的延长,初乳中的理化指标的测量值呈下降趋势;乳汁导电率、SNF、密度、乳蛋白率和酸度可作为鉴别常乳和隐性乳房炎乳的指标。     

奶牛前期泌乳性能与305天产奶量的相关分析

本文对西安草滩农场第四奶牛场 66头奶牛的第一泌乳期完整的原始资料进行分析 ,利用最高月产奶量、90 d奶量、高峰日、乳脂率等泌乳前期产奶指标对 30 5 d奶量进行相关分析 ,结果表明高峰日、最高月产奶量、90 d奶量与 30 5 d奶量分别呈强正相关 ,相关系数显著性检验均达到显著或极显著的程度 ,分别为 0 .367( P<0 .0 1 )、0 .41 1 ( P<0 .0 1 )和 0 .2 62 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;乳汁率与 30 5 d奶量呈弱负相关 ,相关系数为 - 0 .2 5 5 ,达到显著程度 ( P<0 .0 5 )。本文分析的奶牛几项泌乳前期产奶指标与 30 5 d产奶量的关系密切 ,为奶牛的早期选育工作提供了实际依据。     

牛乳中未变性乳清蛋白的快速检测方法研究

采用微滤法结合双缩脲比色法测定牛乳中未变性乳清蛋白含量，并测定该方法的准确度，精密度及回收率。标准曲线回归方程：y=0．0146x＋0．0093，R^2=0．9955，检测精密度为1．34％-2．12％，回收率为96．16％-109．15％，平均101．63％。本研究表明用双缩脲法快速测定牛乳中的未变性乳清蛋白操作简便，准确快速，可用于大批量样品的检测。     

舍饲绵羊产后56 d内乳成分变化规律研究

随着人民生活水平提高和膳食结构调整,绵羊奶必将受到人们的青睐.选取甘肃肉用绵羊新品种群、无角陶赛特和特克塞尔3个品种各8只母羊,对产后1～56 d泌乳理化性质变化进行研究,结果表明：3个品种乳成分及物理性质在第1～3 d变化最为明显,其中乳蛋白含量、非脂固形物含量和酸度3项指标呈现出前期快速下降,中期下降减缓,后期缓慢上升;乳糖指标则呈现出缓慢的前期上升,后期下降的趋势,对选取的3个品种初乳中蛋白、乳脂和可溶性固形物含量等指标对比,依次下降,乳糖含量和密度特克塞尔最高.常乳中除密度外3个品种间差异不显著（P＞0.05）.这为绵羊早期断奶和补饲提供了基础数据.