柑桔病虫发生新动态及防治策略

本文着重介绍了近几年来,宜昌市柑桔红蜘蛛（Ｐａｎｎｏｎｙ ｃｈｕｓ Ｃｉｔｒｉ Ｍｅｓｒｅｇｏｋ）、矢尖蚧（Ｕｎａｓｐｉｃｙａｎｏｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｋｕｗａｎａ）、蚜虫（Ａｐｈｉｃ ｃｉｒｔｉｄｕｓ Ｋｉｋａｌｄｙ）、大实蝇（Ｔｅｔｒａｄｃｕｓ ｃｉｔｒｉ Ｃｈｅｎ）、小实蝇（Ｓｔｒｕｍｅｔａ ｆｅｒｕｇｉｎｅｄ ｄｏｒｗｌｉｓ Ｈｅｎｄ）、吉丁虫（Ａｇｒｉｌｕｓ ｃｉｒｔｉ Ｍａｔｓｕｍ,ｕｒａ）、     

宜昌市2004年柑桔病虫发生趋势与防治

宜昌是全国重要的柑桔产地,柑桔是该市农村经济中的一大支柱产业。全市现有柑桔面积4．78万hm^2,年产量4．96万hm^2,年产值8．9亿元,柑桔面积和产量位居全省第一,在全国地级市中名列前茅。全市农民人均柑桔收入315元,在集中产区柑桔收入占农民现金收入的70％以上。目前宜     

宜昌市2005年下半年柑桔主要病虫发生趋势及防治对策

1、发生趋势。1．1、柑桔大实蝇发生程度4级。1．2、矢尖蚧发生程度3级,局部地区4级。1．3、锈壁虱发生程度3级,局部地区4级。1．4、潜叶蛾发生程度3级,局部地区4级。1．5、柑桔粉虱发生程度2级,局部地区3级。1．6、黑刺粉虱发生程度3级,局部地区4级。     

2006年柑桔主要病虫发生趋势与防治

1发生趋势根据宜昌市历年病虫发生情况及各县市提供的越冬虫口基数、长期天气预报综合分析,预计2006年柑桔主要病虫是中等偏重,虫重于病发生年份。1·1红蜘蛛、黄蜘蛛发生程度4~5级(中等偏重),局部地区5级(大发生),春季发生高峰期较2005年提前,发生面积约5·53万hm2次左右(83万亩次)。1·2柑桔大实蝇发生程度4级,三峡大坝、清江隔河岩、高坝州等小水电工程周围、水果项目开发区及柑桔打蜡厂周边地区、宜昌城郊三峡、龙盘湖风景区,柑桔大实蝇偏重发生,发生面积约1·46万hm2次左右(22万亩次)。1·3柑桔粉虱发生程度4~5级,枝江、宜都等蜜柑产区…     

2007年柑桔主要病虫发生趋势与防治意见

去冬今春全球性的暖冬气候,"是全国近50年来仅次于1998～1999年的第2个暖冬".据此,结合宜昌市各县(市)提供的越冬虫口基数及2007年3～9月长期天气预报综合分析,预计2007年柑桔主要病虫是病虫并重整体偏重发生年份.     

孝昌县水稻病虫发生发展规律及防治

受多种因子影响,2000～2004年,孝昌县水稻病虫发生特点也出现新的变化,防治策略也相应有所发展。     

2007年宜昌市柑桔病虫概况与特点

2007年宜昌市柑橘病虫发生面积累计27．93万hm^2（次）,防治面积32．4万hm^2（次）。现将2007年柑桔病虫概况与特点概述如下：近年来,宜昌市柑桔主要病虫随着农业结构的调整、优化,种植模式的改进、推广,而逐步发生演变,呈现出多样化、复杂化、爆发性特点,部分害虫主次发生互换。由于2007年气候异常,梅雨期延长,柑桔主要病虫除红蜘蛛未暴发,比预期平稳外,其它病虫均是病虫并重,整体偏重发生年份。以“两病”（炭疽病、煤烟病、）、“两蝇”（柑桔大小实蝇）、“两虱”（粉虱、黑刺粉虱）及蛀果性害虫发生为重。     

宜昌市城郊柑桔粉虱发生原因及防治方法探讨

柑桔粉虱主要为害柑桔,长期发生烟煤病的桔园一般都有发生,是产生烟煤病的主要害虫之一,通过药剂试验发现柑桔粉虱对多种药剂都较敏感,为减少农药对生态环境的影响,尽量使用矿质源杀虫荆或者是生物防治。     

泰和丘陵山地柑桔主要病虫的发生与防治

泰和县位于中亚热带的吉泰盆地南半部，丘陵山地多，土质多是红壤、黄壤土。1982年以来，在山地丘陵地带种植蜜桔、椪柑、沙田枘等五万余亩。泰和冬冷夏热，四季分明，4～6月雨水较多，7～8月高温少雨，多种柑桔病虫在3月中旬开始发育活动，4～9月活动猖獗，11月下旬停止发育繁殖危害。我县柑桔病虫种类多、虫体小、虫量大、繁殖快、世代多、重叠发生、危害性大、抗药性强，柑桔连片种植，病虫传播扩散快，防治艰难。     

宜昌市柑桔矢尖蚧暴发成因及防治对策

矢尖蚧(Unaspis yanonensis Kuwanq)是我国柑桔上最主要的害虫,危害严重时可造成枝叶枯死,甚至整株枯死,造成毁灭性的危害.近几年,矢尖蚧在宜昌部分桔园泛滥成灾,严重影响树势、产量和品质.为了制定有效的综合防治对策,控制危害,本人1998～1999年连续两年对柑桔矢尖蚧的发生规律进行了定点定期观察调查,同时,进行了防治试验示范,效果较为显著.现将结果报告如下.     

未来十年柑桔病虫发生趋势分析及综合治理对策建议

作者根据目前柑桔病虫发生情况，未来气候及人为因素综合分析，预测未来十年间柑桔病虫发生总趋势仍是中等偏重，有害害虫个别年份存在大发生的可能，根据柑桔生产现状及发展要求，针对性地提出了今后柑桔病虫综合治理策略设想与建议。     

宜昌市烟粉虱的种群动态及防治对策

烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci（Gennadius）是一种入侵能力强、环境适应性高和危害严重的世界性害虫之一。其繁殖能力强,具有极强的暴发潜力,除直接刺吸植株汁液导致植株衰弱外,若虫和成虫还分泌蜜露,可诱发煤污病等病害发生,影响植物的光合作用,严重时可导致植株死亡,同时该虫还可传播30多种病毒,引起70多种植物病害,每年在世界范围内造成的经济损失达十亿美元之多。     

四川柑橘主要病虫害的发生与绿色防控对策

2003～2007年,笔者根据四川柑橘病虫害的发生防治情况,多点试验示范了以螨治螨、频振诱杀和应用生物制剂防治柑橘病虫害等技术,取得明显防治效果;并提出了示范推广柑橘病虫害绿色防控的一系列切实可行的对策、措施.     

白车轴草病虫害的发生危害及其治理对策

以山东聊城市为基点对鲁西北地区白车轴草病虫害进行了普查,发现白车轴草病害11种,有害昆虫36种,其他有害动物6种,首次报道了梨冠网蝽和小蓑蛾对白车轴草的危害,并研究了部分种类的发生规律,提出了白车轴草病虫害的治理对策。     

不同药剂防治方案对某些柑桔病虫害的防治效果及成本分析

1997年7月至2000年6月在浙江黄岩进行了不同药剂防治方案对某些柑桔病虫害的防效及成本的比较试验。结果显示，与果农常规的以使用化学合成农药为主的防治方案相比，采用以使用机油乳剂和铜制剂为主的防治方案既能使柑桔病虫害得到有效的控制，又使果园生态得到改善、天敌群落密度及其对害虫的自然控制力得到恢复，进而使害虫得到可持续的控制。实施该防治方案的初期成本可能会稍高于常规防治方案，但持续实施后，天敌群落密度增加，对害虫的自然控制力提高，需要用药的次数减少，一年后其防治费用会降至常规防治方案之下。     

柑橘苗疫病的发生诊断与防治建议

柑橘苗疫病是柑橘苗期的重要病害之一,但在众多柑橘（果树）类病虫防治教材、图书以及专业期刊中少有记载和报道。在生产上易被误认作柑橘炭疽病（Colletotrichum　gloeospori-oides　Penz）或苗木立枯病（Rhizoctonia　SolaniKühn）。笔者通过近几年在广两资源县及其邻近区域一些柑橘育苗基地调查发现,该病易造成严重经济损失,且其发生呈上升趋势,应引起重视。1 发病症状与诊断     

Ecological control of citrus pests primarily using predatory mites and the bio-rational pesticide matrine

Panonychus citri and Diaphorina citri are serious citrus pests (mites) in many countries. The predatory mite Neoseiulus cucumeris can prey on both P. citri and D. citri. It is necessary to develop a strategy using predatory mites and selective pesticides that can simultaneously control both pests effectively and sustainably. The toxicities of matrine and abamectin to P. citri, D. citri and N. cucumeris were evaluated in the laboratory. Matrine was highly lethal to D. citri and relatively less toxic to P. citri and N. cucumeris. Abamectin was relatively less toxic to D. citri. The results of the field trials demonstrated the ecological control strategy that combined the release of predatory mites and applications of four matrine sprays from June 2011 to November 2011, which provided better control over P. citri than pesticide applications alone with six sprays during the same period. It achieved similar control levels for D. citri. In Matrine + N. cucumeris orchard, the total number of spiders was significantly larger than that in the Pesticides Only orchard, but the total number of predatory mites was lower. It is inferred that primarily natural enemies and matrine together play a role in controlling citrus pests.     

Bt棉对主要棉虫发生的影响及防治对策

对河南新乡棉区种植的转Ｂｔ基因棉和常规棉棉田虫情进行了定点系统调查和大田普查,结果表明：棉铃虫在两种棉田棉花上的落卵量无明显差别,而幼虫存量差异显著,Ｂｔ棉棉花上幼虫存量显著降低;Ｂｔ棉对棉蚜的发生无明显的影响,而Ｂｔ棉上棉红蜘蛛的发生比常规棉略重,同时初步研究制定出种植Ｂｔ棉后的棉虫综防对策     

The push–pull strategy for citrus psyllid control

The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is the only natural vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus that causes citrus huanglongbing (HLB), a most destructive disease of citrus. Currently, no remedial therapy exists for the disease, and so effective control of ACP is very important in curbing the transmission of the disease. The push–pull strategy should be thoroughly explored as an approach to ACP management. This mini‐review summarises the current progress towards more effective repellent and attractant chemicals through investigating known repellent and attractive plants. Interactions between ACP and its host plants are also addressed, with emphasis on the possible involvement of the host biochemicals in attracting the insect. Potential ways to increase the effectiveness of the pull–push strategy are briefly discussed. It is expected that the pull–push strategy will be gradually developed following more extensive research. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

Management strategies of mealybug pests of citrus in mediterranean countries

Six mealybug species have been reported as citrus pests in the Mediterranean Basin: the citrus mealybugPlanococcus citri (Risso), the citriculus mealybugPseudococcus cryptus Hempel, the longtailed mealybugPseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-Tozzetti), the citrophilus mealybugPseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell), the obscure mealybugPseudococcus viburni (Signoret) and the spherical mealybugNipaecoccus viridis (Newstead). Some of these species,e.g. N. viridis, have recently been introduced into the region and are still spreading. Mealybugs are usually occasional or minor pests of citrus, but some species can reach key pest status. Mealybug management strategies in citrus have been based mostly on classical biological control and, to a lesser extent, on augmentative releases. However, chemical control is widely used, mainly because of the poor adaptation of the principal natural enemies to the climatic conditions of the Mediterranean. The application of pheromones is still restricted to monitoring the citrus mealybug, whose sex pheromone is commercially available. Mass trapping and mating disruption should be considered for possible use in IPM programs as an alternative method to supplementary chemical treatments. Enhancement of biological control through management of ant populations is another promising tactic for control of mealybugs. Strategies for managing mealybug pests of citrus, and possible levels of integration of different tactics according to the pest status, are discussed. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Oct. 3, 2004.