杜鹃褐斑病病原菌的分离与鉴定

对杜鹃褐斑病的病原菌进行分离、培养，进行了形态学鉴定，并对其rRNA基因内转录间区（ITS区）进行了克隆测序，与Genbank中已有的有关序列进行了比较，确定其病原菌为Phomopsis sp.。     

双孢蘑菇褐腐病病原菌的分离及分子鉴定

对引起双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)褐腐病的病原菌进行分离和分子鉴定.分离培养褐腐病病原菌,采用CTAB法抽提其基因组总DNA,利用真菌通用引物ITS1和ITS4扩增菌株rDNA ITS区序列,扩增产物纯化后克隆转化至大肠杆菌,挑选克隆成功的菌株进行测序.测序结果在GenBank中进行同源性搜索,并下载部分具有代表性种的ITS序列,利用软件MEGA4 构建分子系统发育树,通过序列分析,鉴定出引起双孢蘑菇褐腐病的病原菌为Mycogone perniciosa.     

广东香葱炭疽病病原菌鉴定

为明确广东香葱炭疽病的病原菌种类,在广东省香葱主要产区惠州市和韶关市采集香葱炭疽病疑似病株,分离、纯化病原菌;通过病原菌分生孢子悬液接种活体香葱植株和离体植株叶片,柯赫氏法则验证,明确病原菌的致病性;通过观察病原菌的形态特征,结合其核糖体内转录间隔区(ITS)、肌动蛋白(ACT)、几丁质合成酶1(CHS1)、甘油醛-3...     

石榴采后腐烂病病原菌的分子鉴定

按照柯赫氏法则对石榴采后腐烂病病原菌进行了分离, 应用PCR技术对分离菌rDNA的内转录间隔区( ITS区) 基因克隆后测序, 并将所测序列提交到欧洲分子生物学实验室核酸数据库( EuropeanMolecular Biology Laboratory Genbank) , 通过Blast程序将该序列与数据库已有的序列进行分析比较, 发现与葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea) 的同源性达到了99%以上, 因此认为石榴腐烂的病原菌是葡萄座腔菌。该菌引起的石榴腐烂病害特征与以往报道的石榴干腐病相似。对葡萄座腔菌的部分生物学特性和侵染循环规律进行了描述。     

油茶炭疽病病原菌的分离与鉴定

油茶炭疽病是油茶生长过程中产生的一种极具破坏性的真菌性病害。为有效开展该病害的防治工作,降低其危害,本研究对海南文昌发病的油茶植株的病原菌进行了分离纯化。通过对其培养特性、形态特征的观察及r DNA的转录间隔区(ITS)序列测定,与Gen Bank中同源性较高的菌株进行序列对比,最后将菌株7-2确定为胶孢炭疽菌。     

云南省宝珠梨疫腐病的发生与防治

宝珠梨疫腐病是在云南省会泽县近年来发生的一种新病害,其病原菌为恶疫霉犤Phytophthoracactorum(LebertetCohn)Schrot犦。对该病的发病情况、病害症状、发病规律、病原菌生物学特性、病原菌的来源及防治等进行了初步研究。     

山东省芍药红斑病病原菌鉴定

从山东菏泽和泰安两地感病芍药（Paeonia lactiflora Pall.）植株的叶片上进行了红斑病病原分离纯化和致病力检测,并对致病菌进行了形态学鉴定及rDNA-ITS 序列分析。研究结果表明,病样组织中可分离到两种疑似病原菌,分离比例为4.8︰1,初步鉴定为链格孢（Alternaria alternata）和细极链格孢（A. tenuissima）。进一步rDNA-ITS分析结果表明,两种病原菌5.8S rDNA及其两侧ITS区序列分别与GenBank中序列号为KF380822.1、HM467832.1的同源性最高,均为99%,由此确定两种病原菌分别为链格孢Alternaria alternata和细极链格孢A. tenuissima,其序列已在GenBank登录,登录号分别为KR912224和KR912225。因此,确定山东省芍药红斑病是由链格孢A. alternata和细极链格孢A. tenuissima两种病原菌引起的复合侵染。     

哈密瓜枯萎病病原菌初步研究

对哈密瓜枯萎病病株分离得到的病原菌进行柯赫氏法则验证,得出其病原菌为尖镰孢菌甜瓜专化型（Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.melonis）。对其孢子的萌发、菌丝的生长和产孢量进行初步研究,发现该病原菌整个生理过程中的最适温度为29～31℃,最适pH值为5．6～6．8之间,光照对其影响不大。     

辣椒白粉病及其抗病遗传与育种研究进展

对近年来有关辣椒白粉病的病原菌、抗病性鉴定、抗病遗传及抗病性育种进行了综述,并对其今后的研究进行了展望     

河南周口水果市场上猕猴桃软腐病主要病原真菌鉴定及防治研究

常发现河南省周口市水果零售和批发市场上产自河南省伏牛山区的猕猴桃有软腐病症,为明确其致病菌,对出现软腐病的猕猴桃进行了病原菌分离鉴定,比较了各株病原菌的致病性,通过形态学结合分子生物学手段确定了主要致病菌菌种,并初步研究了控制其生长的理化方法。试验结果表明,拟茎点霉(Phomopsis spp.)是引起猕猴桃软腐病的主要致病菌,其中致病性最强的Phomopsissp.Liq-3被鉴定为福士拟茎点霉(Phomopsis fukushii)。进一步防控研究表明,低温环境(4℃以下)或者添加防腐剂(中等剂量山梨酸钾)可较好地抑制该菌的生长,从而抑制猕猴桃软腐病的发生。     

茭白胡麻叶斑病研究进展

综述了近年来在茭白胡麻叶斑病上的病害发生、病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性、发病规律和病害防治等方面的研究成果,论述了胡麻叶斑病的防治措施如选用抗病品种、农业防治、药剂防治、植物免疫诱导剂防治等的研究进展,总结了茭白胡麻叶斑病研究上存在的问题,并指出未来需要加强茭白胡麻叶斑病病原物种群多样性、致病力分化以及于病原菌的浸染机制及致病机理方面的研究;进一步收集、筛选与鉴定茭白抗病种质资源,培育优良的抗性品种;开展茭白胡麻叶斑病抗药性监测及抗性机理研究;筛选新型生态友好的化学农药和低毒、高效的生防菌剂。     

Flavonoid composition in frost-resistant Rhododendron cultivars grown in Poland

A relationship was found between flavonoid concentration in rhododendron (Rhododendron L.) leaves and their frost resistance. The flavonoid content in various taxons of rhododendrons bred in Poland was compared with the extent of injury caused by the action of sub-zero temperatures. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze flavonoids and their glycosides. The results suggest that flavonoid concentrations in rhododendron tissues can be a measure of their resistance to low temperatures and can be used as a criterion in breeding.     

枇杷花腐病病原菌的初步研究

初步研究了枇杷花腐病在不同发病时期及不同组织的病原菌种类及其致病性,结果表明:(1)细菌不是引起花轴维管束变褐的最初病原菌,它是在维管束变褐之后寄生上去,引起花轴表皮腐烂的病原菌。(2)灰葡萄孢菌是在花腐病的中后期腐生上去的,应该不是引起花穗腐烂的关键性致病病原菌。(3)引起枇杷花腐病最初发病的病原可能与2种真菌有关,一种是引起灰斑病的拟盘多毛孢菌(PestalotiaeriobofoliaDesm),另一种是长出粘孢团的真菌(尚待鉴定)。(4)室外接种拟盘多毛孢菌的花穗发生明显花腐症状的比例显著高于对照,该菌可能是引起枇杷花腐的病原菌之一;而接种粘孢团的处理与对照差异不明显,它可能不是引起花穗腐烂的关键性致病病原菌。     

大樱桃褐斑病病原菌鉴定与田间流行动态研究

【目的】为有效防控大樱褐斑病,【方法】采用传统形态学鉴定方法、单胞分离法和柯赫氏法则,开展了樱桃褐斑病原菌、田间流行学和品种抗病性研究。【结果】研究结果明确了褐斑病病原菌为核果钉孢菌(Passalora circum-scissa)。田间流行动态研究结果表明,6月下旬或7月初始见褐斑病发生,7月下旬进入发病高峰,与降雨程度关系密切;7月下旬或8月初检测到褐斑病菌孢子,8月中旬至9月中旬为孢子释放高峰期。不同大樱桃主栽品种褐斑病发生程度差异较大。明确了烟台樱桃褐斑病初次防治关键期为6月中旬。【结论】研究结果为有针对性地田间防控大樱桃褐斑病提供了理论依据。     

我国杜鹃花旅游资源特点及开发初探

在分析杜鹃花旅游资源研究与开发现状的基础上,总结出杜鹃花旅游资源具有无与伦比的观赏特性、多种多样的使用价值、博大精深的文化内涵、花卉之王的花界地位、享誉世界的社会影响等特点,提出了资源保护、文化挖掘、品种创新、品牌打造、产业化发展、宣传促销等开发策略,打造国内外著名的杜鹃花旅游品牌,促进我国杜鹃花旅游的发展.     

茭白胡麻叶斑病病原鉴定及其生物学特性

从国家种质武汉水生蔬菜资源圃茭白田分离出引起胡麻叶斑病的病原真菌,对该菌进行了形态学观察、致病性测定,及其生物学特性研究。结果表明,引起该病的病原菌为Bipolaris zizaniae。其生物学特性研究表明,病菌菌丝最适宜在PDA和PSA培养基上生长,最适宜在燕麦培养基上产孢;菌丝生长的最适温度范围为25～30℃;最适pH值6～8;光照有利于菌丝生长;病菌能够利用多种碳源和氮源,碳源以可溶性淀粉和乳糖利用效果最好,氮源以硝酸钾和硝酸钠利用效果最好;菌丝及分生孢子致死温度为5℃10 min。     

大连市草坪主要病害发生特点与可持续治理措施

大连是具有明显海洋性特点的暖温带大陆性季风气候,土壤比较贫瘠,草坪病虫害种类发生较多。该文对大连市中山区草坪上发生的草坪褐斑病、草坪腐霉枯萎病、草坪币斑病、草坪蘑菇圈、草坪锈病、草坪白粉病等主要病害的发生特点及其可持续治理措施进行论述。     

Effects of Habitat Suitability and Landscape Patterns on Tick (Acarina) Metapopulation Processes

Tick density and population dynamics are important factors in the ecological processes involved in pathogen circulation in a habitat. These characteristics of tick populations are closely linked to habitat suitability, which reflects the limiting ecological factors and landscape features affecting tick populations; however, little work has been done on the regional assessment of habitat suitability. In this study, a regional model for the distribution and abundance of the tick Ixodes ricinus in central Spain is developed. An occurrence and an abundance model were constructed; climate and vegetation variables were found to be the main predictors of both occurrence and density in a relatively homogeneous matrix of habitat patches, whereas topographical variables were found to have small contributions and were therefore discarded. The residuals of the abundance model showed good correlation with the isolation of each patch. The predictive power of the abundance model was greatly enhanced by inclusion of the traversability (a measure of the permeability of each patch to the propagules of the metapopulation) and recruitment (an index of the relative importance of each patch to the traffic through the entire habitat network). The removal from the landscape of the patches whose recruitment values were in the top 10% has a critical effect on tick density, an effect not observed when patches are removed at random. These results indicate that permanent tick populations can be sustained only in landscapes containing a minimum network of viable sites. Graph theory and measurements of patch isolation should prove to be important elements in the forecasting of tick abundance and the management of the features underlying the landscape ecology of tick populations and pathogen circulation in the field.     

萱草叶斑病的病原鉴定及其生物学特性

为明确在贵州发现的萱草（Hemerocallis fulva）叶斑病病原菌及其生物学特性，采用组织分离法和离体接种法分别对其病原菌进行分离和致病性测定，利用形态学及ITS基因序列分析对病原菌进行鉴定并对其生物学特性进行研究。鉴定结果表明：分离得到的萱草叶斑病病原菌菌株（编号为XCS369）的菌丝为灰白色、绒毛状，菌落中心隆起呈灰褐色，背面橄榄绿色，培养15 d表面可产生白色孢子粉；分生孢子光滑，无色，椭圆至长椭圆形。在以ITS基因序列构建的系统发育树中，XCS369与古巴炭角菌（Xylaria cubensis）聚于一支，且支持率达99%，结合形态特征与系统发育分析将其鉴定为古巴炭角菌。该菌菌丝最适生长温度为25 ~ 28 ℃，最适pH 7，在马铃薯葡萄糖培养基上生长最快，对碳源麦芽糖、氮源酵母浸粉的利用最高，菌丝生长对光照不敏感。     

Rate of nitrogen application during the growing season alters the response of container-grown rhododendron and azalea to foliar application of urea in the Autumn

Summary

One-year-old rhododendron (Rhododendron ‘H-1 P.J.M’) and azalea (Rhododendron ‘Cannon’s Double’) plants grown at different nitrogen (N) fertilisation rates were used to assess the influence of soil N applications during the growing season, and foliar applications of urea in the Autumn, on N uptake and accumulation, and plant growth in the following Spring. N uptake efficiency declined linearly during the first growing season with an increasing rate of N fertilisation. For both cultivars, foliar urea application in the Autumn significantly increased plant N content without affecting plant size, regardless of plant N status. Leaves of rhododendron accumulated more N than other plant structures. Plants sprayed with foliar urea in the Autumn had more new growth the following Spring than plants receiving no urea, regardless of whether the plants received fertiliser in the Spring. For azalea, N uptake in the Spring was, in general, not affected by applications of urea during the previous year. For rhododendron, urea application in the Autumn decreased N uptake the following Spring. For both cultivars, increasing N availability during the growing season increased the ratio of above-ground to below-ground dry weight. Our results suggest that combining optimum N applications during the growing season with foliar application of urea in the Autumn can improve N uptake efficiency, increase N storage, and optimise growth in Rhododendron.