微生态制剂防治鱼病小试验

一、试验方法 1．微生态制剂的来源本试验所使用的微生态制剂均为郑州某公司提供的生物培水宝系列,有效活菌数含量为10亿个／克。     

微生态制剂及其在鱼病防治中的应用

微生态制剂的菌种组成主要是腐生菌和自养性细菌.通过调节鱼体内微生态结构以影响其免疫功能;菌体本身富含营养,可促进鱼类生长及改善鱼类品质;还可通过改善水质条件等保证鱼类健康生长.目前已被确认的适宜用作微生态制剂的菌种种类较少,不能完全满足应用需要;微生态制剂中的活菌浓度常不能保持稳定,从而影响其使用效果;活性易受外界环境因素如水体温度、pH值、溶解氧等的影响.     

微生态制剂在观赏鱼养殖中的应用

随着观赏鱼养殖业的快速发展,越来越多的观赏鱼种类进入民众视野,各种新兴养殖模式,观赏鱼病防治手段也层出不穷。微生态制剂因其无污染,副作用小的特点,逐步成为观赏鱼养殖中的热点话题。目前,虽然微生态制剂在水产养殖相关生产应用中已经取得了一定效果,但在观赏鱼养殖领域,总体仍然处于发展阶段,有待进一步研究。基于此,该文介绍了微生态制剂在观赏鱼养殖中的应用现状,分析了目前存在的一些主要问题,并提出相关思考与展望。     

浅谈水产养殖中的微生态制剂

随着国内水产养殖业的发展 ,养殖对象、规模日益扩大 ,而生产中遇到的病害问题则呈多样化 ,且不易解决。其中如细菌性、病毒性等病害的感染机率较大 ,而抗生素的大量使用 ,不仅使一些致病菌产生较强的抗药性 ,同时也影响了鱼肠道内的有益菌群的正常生长 ,引起肠道内菌群生态的失调 ,从而影响鱼类的抗病能力。这两种不良的后果使鱼病的防治呈现一种恶性循环 ,甚至进入了一个死谷。因此 ,要减少抗生素在鱼病防治中的运用 ,保护生态环境 ,应另辟蹊径 ,而微生态制剂则可相对有效地解决这一问题。微生态制剂是一种新型活菌制剂 ,是人们根据微生态…     

微生态学在鱼病防治中的应用

从鱼类的微生态原理，抗菌药物对微生态平衡的拮抗作用以及鱼用微生态制剂等三个方面概述了微生态学在鱼类疾病防治中的基本原理及其应用。     

水产疾病防治中微生态制剂的研究

近来微生态制剂得到空前发展，本文简要介绍了水产疾病防治中微生态制剂的定义、作用机理以及应用研究，并作了研究展望。     

应用微生态制剂防治鸡大肠杆菌病试验

试验选用健康海赛克斯初生雏鸡150只,随机分为5组,Ⅰ组为微生态制剂预防与治疗组,Ⅱ组为喹乙醇预防与治疗组,Ⅲ组为微生态制剂治疗组,Ⅳ组为喹乙醇治疗组,Ⅴ组为对照组。试验鸡1～7日龄,Ⅰ和Ⅱ组分别饲喂预防量的微生态制剂或喹乙醇,至8日龄人工感染诱发大肠杆菌病,出现症状后,各组分别饲喂治疗量的微生态制剂或喹乙醇,并观察试验鸡的临床症状与死亡情况,结果Ⅰ～Ⅴ组的死亡率分别为66.67%、66.67%、73.33%、70%和100%。试验表明,微生态制剂对预防和治疗鸡大肠杆菌病均有一定效果,其中预防效果优于药物预防,但微生态制剂的治疗效果不理想。     

观赏鱼几种常见病的防治方法

适合于家庭养殖的观赏鱼品种繁多，但归纳起来主要分为三大系列，即中国金鱼系列、日本锦鲤系列和大、中、小型热带观赏鱼系列。想养好观赏鱼，不仅要投喂适口的优质饲料，而且要经常保持水质良好，更要有完善的防病治病措施。致使观赏鱼得病的因子很多，主要有，投喂不当、操作粗糙、换水不够或换水时温差过大、化学物质引起中毒及传染性和侵袭性病原体的感染等等。在从事观赏鱼的养殖中，我们总结出了一些观赏鱼常见疾病的防治方法。１出血病此病为池养金鱼的常见病，水族箱养殖的金鱼偶尔也有病发。流行于每年的７～８月份。类似于池塘养…     

微生态制剂在甲壳动物养殖中的应用研究

在甲壳动物养殖中使用微生态制剂取得良好效果。南美白对虾室内养殖GMA1组、GMA2组及DY－1组的养殖成活率分别为95％．79％、91．78％和88．00％，均高于对照组的81．67％，微生物及水化学指标也明显优于对照组；池塘养殖中国对虾45d，试验组和对照组对虾平均体长分别增长2．86cm和2．40cm；河蟹育苗试验组比对照组提高成活率27．78％，本文还对微生态制剂的作用机理和使用注意项等进行了论述。     

四种常用药物对金鱼的急性毒性试验

本文研究了四种药物对金鱼的急性毒性作用，结果表明，高锰酸钾、硫酸铜、敌百虫和福尔马林的安全浓度分别为0．80mg／L、1．34mg／L、4．97mg／L、19．86mg／L。根据实验结果，建议在金鱼疾病防治中，高锰酸钾要慎用，福尔马林不宜作为遍洒药物用，敌百虫和硫酸铜是理想的鱼病防治药物。     

Possible applications of modern fish larviculture technology to ornamental fish production

There has been rapid development in the marine foodfishlarviculture technology in Europe since the early eighties,especially in the flat fish, turbot and halibut, and the bass andbream species. The most significant improvements in the eightieswere the introduction of light control, artificial reproductiontechniques, appropriate water treatment and the use of rotifersand Artemia nauplii of specific sizes and in the late eightiesand early nineties the quality enhancement of live food organismsusing specific enrichment techniques. Present research is focusedon the implementation of several microbial techniques to improvethe hygiene of live prey and fish.Many of the modern larviculture techniques being used in marine foodfish could be adapted for application in the ornamental fish industry. For examples, research in the Onamental Fish Section, Primary Production Department, Singapore has demonstrated that the use of freshwater rotifers and Artemia nauplii would enable artificial rearing of Discus in the absence of the parent fish and improve the larval performance of Gouramis and Tetra larvae. The use of such small live food organisms is likely to facilitate breeding of new fish species with small larvae. Research has also indicated that the use of diets containing vitamin C and certain immuno-stimulants improved the stress resistance of guppy. Such techniques would have important application in the fish transport, an important aspect in the ornamental fish industry     

几种常见类型的鱼病诊断与治疗

<正> 在淡水养鱼生产中,有多种不同的病因引发的鱼病症状相近,易造成误诊,影响治疗,往往造成严重损失。通过多年的生产实践,对于由不同病因引发的相近症状的几种类型的病害的诊断与治疗方法作如下归纳: 1 烂鳃型 1.1 烂鳃病:属细菌性鱼病 症状特点:除鳃内粘液增多,鳃丝膨大、弯曲、腐烂外,病鱼鳃盖骨的内表皮往往充血,严重时中间部分的表皮常腐蚀成一个圆形不规则的透明小窗,俗名“开天窗”。     

Nutrient requirements of ornamental fish

Although fish have been kept for more than three centuries as ornamentals, and the development of manufactured feed since 50 years ago has contributed to the tremendous growth of this hobby, nutrition of ornamental fish is based on extrapolation of results derived from food fishes under intensive farming conditions. Some research on nutrient (protein, minerals) requirements of growing freshwater ornamental species (live-bearers) in a production environment has been conducted, mainly in Singapore, with emphasis on the provision of live feed during the early stages of the life cycle. Protein requirements varied from around 30% dietary protein for growing omnivorous goldfish (Carassius auratus) to 50% for the carnivorous discus (Symphysodon aequifasciata). Whereas mineral (phosphorus, iron, magnesium, zinc) requirements have received some attention in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), few researches have concentrated on vitamin requirements of ornamental species. Requirements for fatty acids have been conducted mainly on marine ornamentals (damselfish, seahorses), and accentuated the need for dietary supplementation of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids. Fish kept in public and home aquaria presents the problem of diversity of species in the same enclosure, each with its own specific requirements and needs. Maintenance energy levels of ornamental fish varied from 0.068 kJ per day for small neon tetras (Paracheirodon innesi) to 0.51 kJ per day for moonlight gouramis (Trichogaster microlepsis) kept at a water temperature of 26 °C. Research on nutrient requirements of ornamental fish urges for suitable measurements other than only growth rate in order to determine optimal dietary inclusion levels.     

The effect of phosphorus supplementation to common carp diets on fish growth

The effect of supplementation of fish diets with phosphorus was studied both in tank and pond experiments. In the tank experiments phosphorus (6.5% di-calcium or mono-calcium phosphates) was added to three diets: two containing fish meal as the main protein ingredient and the third containing algal meal to replace it. Feeding common carp in tanks with these diets significantly increased fish growth rate (P < 0.05) over fish fed the same diets without phosphorus supplementation. In the pond experiments phosphorus was added to a fish meal diet in two different compounds: mono- and di-calcium phosphates (at 1% of the feed). The diets were fed to fish in a polyculture system for two consecutive culture cycles. Due to supplementation with phosphate, growth rate of tilapia (Sarotherodon aureus) increased in both culture cycles. The growth rate of common carp fed phosphorus-supplemented diets increased over the control only in the first cycle, when fish were large and the standing crop of carp exceeded 1.8 ton/ha. At lower standing crops the natural food seems to supply adequate amounts of phosphorus. Silver carp were not affected by phosphorus supplementation, probably because they consume very little supplementary feed. Total yield for the entire season (kg/ha) was significantly higher in ponds where fish were fed a phosphorus-supplemented diet. Di-calcium phosphate, which is soluble only in weak acids, seems to be more efficient than the water-soluble mono-calcium phosphate in affecting the growth of common carp even though this fish lacks a gastric acid secretion.     

鲟鱼常见疾病的防治

鲟鱼类病害大致可分为生物性疾病、非生物性疾病和敌害生物及其他三大类别。结合国内外对鲟鱼病害的研究概况,对生产养殖中所出现的鲟鱼病害给予了系统的划分并对其防治做了介绍,以供参考。     

六种常用渔药对宽体金线蛭的急性毒性试验

在水温26.5~28.5℃的室内静水条件下,研究了二氧化氯、高锰酸钾、苯扎溴铵、戊二醛、伊维菌素和聚维酮碘对宽体金线蛭(Whitmania pigra)幼蛭的急性毒性效应。结果显示:6种药物对宽体金线蛭幼蛭48h的半致死质量浓度(LC50)分别为11.8850、3.7154、0.0056、0.1426、0.0066和6.4595mg/L;安全质量浓度(SC)分别为1.5593、0.4781、0.0003、0.0068、0.0002和0.6769mg/L。宽体金线蛭幼蛭对以上6种药物的敏感性差异较大,敏感性大小依次为:伊维菌素>苯扎溴按>戊二醛>高锰酸钾>聚维酮碘>二氧化氯。结果表明,二氧化氯和聚维酮碘在宽体金线蛭幼蛭养殖过程中可以安全使用,而伊维菌素、苯扎溴铵、戊二醛和高锰酸钾需慎用。     

淡水鲳对九种常用鱼药的敏感性试验

本文报告了敌百虫、孔雀石绿、硝酸亚汞、漂白粉、呋喃唑酮、生石灰和食盐等常用鱼药对淡水鲳的安金浓度依次为0.028ppm、0.0312ppm、0.0865ppm、0.699ppm、16.22 ppm、19.5 ppm、1040 ppm。淡水鲳分别在亚甲基蓝2.1 ppm,硫酸铜硫酸亚铁合剂(5∶2)5.6ppm药液中浸浴240小时,未见异常反应。     

观赏鱼类疾病及其诊断方法

观赏鱼因经长期驯化变种而来比较娇贵,且所处环境也相对稳定,一旦管理不善很容易引起疾病。本文主要讨论了观赏鱼饲养过程中常见疾病的种类、发病原因、诊断方法等,重点介绍了:免疫学诊断技术、核酸诊断技术、核酸技术与免疫学相结合的方法。免疫学诊断技术包括单克隆抗体技术、荧光抗体技术等。核酸诊断技术包括核酸杂交技术、PCR(聚合酶链式反应)技术、16S rRNA检测技术。核酸技术与免疫学相结合的方法有PCR-ELISA法等。     

养殖(鱼康)（鱼良）白鱼常见病害防治技术

鱼康鱼良白鱼人工育种和驯化的成功,奠定了其养殖业的发展基础。近年来,随着养殖技术的不断发展,池塘养殖鱼康鱼良白鱼得到了快速的推广和发展。然而,随着集约化养殖程度的提高和养殖密度的增加,养殖鱼康鱼良白鱼的病害逐渐增多,呈现出寄生虫病增多,多病原、多病种同时发生,流行时间长,危害重的趋势。文章根据养殖实践,总结介绍了鱼康鱼良白鱼养殖过程中出现的真菌病、寄生虫病、细菌病及其主要症状、流行情况和防治方法。