Immunological findings in 3 dogs clinically diagnosed with allergic rhinitis

Three dogs clinically diagnosed with allergic rhinitis (AR) were examined for their immunological findings. House dust mites (HDM) such as Dermatophagoides farinae (DF) and D. pteronyssinus (DP) were identified as positive allergens in the 3 dogs with both intradermal skin test and serum antigen-specific IgE test. Lymphocyte blastogenic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) under stimulation with DF antigen in dogs with AR was higher than that in 4 healthy control dogs. Expression level of IL-4 mRNA in PBMCs obtained from the 3 AR dogs was higher than that in PBMCs obtained from 4 healthy control dogs before and after stimulation with DF antigen. Expression level of IFN-gamma mRNA in PBMCs was not different between the AR and control dogs before and after stimulation with DF antigen. These results suggested that allergic reaction to HDM antigen and T(H)2-type immune response were associated with the development of AR in 3 dogs examined in this study.     

Familial associations with paratuberculosis ELISA results in Texas Longhorn cattle

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to estimate familial associations with paratuberculosis ELISA status in beef cattle. Texas Longhorn cattle (n=715) greater than 2years of age were sampled for paratuberculosis testing using ELISA and fecal culture. Diagnostic test results were indicative of substantial numbers of false-positive serological reactions consistent with environmental exposure to non-MAP Mycobacterium spp. Associations between ancestors and paratuberculosis ELISA status of offspring were assessed using conditional logistic regression. The association between ELISA status of the dam and her offspring was assessed using linear mixed-effect models. Significant associations were identified between some ancestors and offspring ELISA status. The odds of being classified as "suspect" or greater based on ELISA results were 4.6 times greater for offspring of dams with similarly increased S:P ratios. A significant positive linear association was also observed between dam and offspring log-transformed S:P ratios. Results indicate that there is familial aggregation of paratuberculosis ELISA results in beef cattle and suggest that genetic selection based on paratuberculosis ELISA status may decrease seroprevalence. However, genetic selection may have minimal effect on paratuberculosis control in herds with exposure to non-MAP Mycobacterium spp.     

蜂巢提取物改善过敏性鼻炎患者生活质量的研究

目的:本研究旨在研究口服蜂巢提取物改善过敏性鼻炎患者生活质量情况。方法:采用口服大、小不同剂量蜂巢提取物治疗过敏性鼻炎,1周为1个疗程,共服用4个疗程。观察两组患者治疗4个疗程与停药随访1个月的生活质量改善情况。主要观察在眼部、鼻部症状、非鼻眼症状、情感症状等方面的变化。结果:两组患者治疗前生活质量明显较低。口服大剂量与小剂量蜂巢提取物均能显著改善过敏性鼻炎患者的各项生活质量指标,而两组效果差异无明显统计学意义。停服30 d后疗效仍然显著,但小剂量组患者在实际问题、鼻部症状、非鼻眼症状等方面的改善有呈复发趋势,大剂量组相对改善较平稳。故此蜂巢剂可有效改善过敏性鼻炎患者临床症状及生活质量,且蜂巢来源广泛,天然安全,用法简单,口感甘甜,疗效确切,值得临床研究开发及推广应用,以造福反复受过敏性鼻炎困扰的广大患者。     

种牛场牛腐蹄病的防治研究

于2002年对种牛场42头肉用种公牛进行了腐蹄病的预防研究,对不同品种、不同年龄阶段的牛进行了统计,结果表明:患有腐蹄病的牛有9头,发病率为21.4%,在发病期间严重影响了种公牛采精、冷冻精液的生产及其质量,影响了优秀种公牛生产性能的发挥。经研究发现发病率主要是随年龄增长而上升,并与品种、季节和牛舍卫生条件等因素十分相关。经3年的防治研究,种牛场每年牛腐蹄病发病率逐年减少,分别为21.4%,9.5%,0,取得了较好的防治效果。腐蹄病总治愈率为84.6%,其中,急性腐蹄病的总治愈率为100%,慢性腐蹄病的总治愈率为60%。     

Endoscopy in cattle

Endoscopy in the field of buiatrics has gained growing importance in recent years. Parts of the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, the urethra and urinary bladder, the abdomen and the teat are all accessible by means of endoscopy. The direct visualisation of inner or outer organ surfaces allows for rapid diagnosis and even prognosis of different pathological conditions. Flexible endoscopes of different dimensions are used for endoscopic examination of the upper respiratory tract. Examining this region, endoscopy is in some cases superior to other imaging techniques because of the direct visualization of surfaces and their pathological conditions and the possibility of collecting biopsies under visual control. The same is documented for diseases of the oesophagus. On the other hand, rumenoscopy is of experimental character so far. Urethrocystoscopy is mainly performed for diagnostic purposes with either flexible or rigid optics. Theloscopy represents the "gold standard" for surgical intervention in cases of disturbance of milk flow, since mucosal tissue can be removed under visual control. Therefore, this indication is one of the most important applications for endoscopy performed by practitioners. Another important field for the application of therapeutic endoscopy is the treatment of left displaced abomasum by repositioning and fixation to the abdominal wall under endoscopic control.     

Coronaviruses in cattle

Bovine coronaviruses are spread all over the world. They cause two types of clinical manifestations in cattle either an enteric, calf diarrhoea and winter dysentery in adult cattle, or respiratory in all age groups of cattle. The role of coronaviruses in respiratory infections is still a hot topic of discussion since they have been isolated from sick as well as healthy animals and replication of disease is rarely successful. Bovine coronavirus infection is characterised by high morbidity but low mortality. The laboratory diagnosis is typically based on serological or molecular methods. There is no registered drug for the treatment of virus infections in cattle and we are limited to supportive therapy and preventative measures. The prevention of infection is based on vaccination, biosecurity, management and hygiene. This paper will cover epidemiology, taxonomy, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, therapy, economic impact and prevention of coronavirus infections in cattle.

     

Hypomagnesaemia in cattle

Leptospirosis is an important animal and human health problem in New Zealand, and the epidemiological and ecological aspects of infection in domestic species and free-living species are described. The characteristics of infection with a particular serovar are often considerably different in different species of animal and primary epidemiological investigations involve differentiating between maintenance-host populations and accidental-host populations for the serovars present in a particular ecosystem.

Cattle and pigs are maintenance hosts for hardjo and pomona respectively. Balcanica is maintained by possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) and ballum is maintained by the house mouse (Mus musculus), ship rat (Rattus rattus) and hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). In some regions, foci of copenhageni infection are maintained by Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus). Each serovar shows a high degree of parasitic adaption to its maintenance-host species and this is reflected in the nidality of leptospirosis in intensive farming environments. Accidental infections in domestic animals and man are the consequence of ecological associations with maintenance-host populations for particular serovars.

Control of leptospirosis in domestic animals depends on decreasing the prevalence of infection with serovars maintained within populations of domestic animals, and decreasing the degree of ecological association with free-living maintenance-host populations. Vaccination of cattle against hardjo. will considerably reduce the prevalence of infection in vaccinated herds and therefore decrease the prevalence of accidental hardjo infections in man.     

Vibriosis in cattle

Abstract

Extract

It has previously been shown that vaccination protected against natural Vibrio fetus infection in cattle (Te Punga, 1962 Te Punga, W.A. 1962. N.Z. vet J., 10: 89–89. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]). However, these results were achieved using only a small number of animals, and a three-dose schedule of vaccination that would be impracticable under field conditions, particularly in the beef breeding areas of New Zealand where husbandry is extensive rather than intensive. Initial attempts to evaluate a range of single-dose, saline-in-oil vaccines under closely-supervised, experimental conditions were found to be impracticable, partly because of low infection rates and partly because of the large number of animals that would be required to detect even large variations in the efficiency of different types of vaccine.