紫花苜蓿蛋白质二硫键异构酶mPDI的生物信息学分析与同源建模研究

利用紫花苜蓿蛋白质二硫键异构酶（mPDI）的mRNA（来自NCBI,登录号为Z11499．1）及氨基酸序列（来自UniProt KB／Swiss—Prot数据库及NCBI数据库,其登录号分别为1729828、CAA77575．1）,应用生物信息学软件预测了该蛋白质的理化性质、亲疏水性、信号肽、二级结构、卷曲螺旋结构、跨膜区域、糖基化位点、活性位点、亚细胞定位、功能结构域及高级结构。结果表明：紫花苜蓿mPDI蛋白质是一个整体疏水性蛋白,细胞定位为粗面内质网,含有512个氨基酸,理论等电点为4．98,分子量为57087．4Da,原子组成为C2597H3977N651O786S6摩尔消光系数在280nm处为37610,不稳定系数为40．12,脂肪系数为79．96,总平均亲水性为-0．357。该蛋白质由20种氨基酸组成,其中非极性R基团氨基酸占44．3％,极性R基团氨基酸占28．4％,酸性氨基酸占13．6％,碱性氨基酸占13．1％,Ip、Glu、Val、Ala含量最为丰富,Met和Cys含量最少。信号肽位于1～24号氨基酸。利用ProtScale软件的KyteandDoolittle算法对mPDI蛋白进行亲／疏水性预测,结果表明该蛋白质含有7个高疏水性区域,分别分布在4J0～50区域、95～105区域、120～130区域、190～200区域、285～295区域、340～350区域以及365～375区域。利用SignalP网络工具对mPDI蛋白进行信号肽的预测,神经网络法显示第24～25位点是最可能的剪切点,马可夫模型显示了同样的信号肽酶切位点。mPDI蛋白质二级结构中α-螺旋占26．37％（135AA）、无规则卷曲占53．32％（273AA）、延伸链占20．31％（104AA）;包含3个卷曲螺旋结构、3个糖基化位点（分别为143位的S、148位的T、461位的S）、2个硫氧还蛋白结构域（14～144位、357～485位）、2个硫氧还蛋白活性位点（54～72位、399～417位）、1个内质网靶向序列（509～512位）;Ramachandram结构检测表明此模型的三维结构符合立体化学能量规则。     

紫花苜蓿乙酰CoA硫解酶的生物信息学分析与同源建模

[目的]对紫花苜蓿中的乙酰CoA硫解酶进行生物信息学分析与同源建模。[方法]应用生物信息学软件预测紫花苜蓿乙酰CoA硫解酶的理化性质、亲/疏水性、卷曲螺旋结构、糖基化位点、活性位点、亚细胞定位、二级结构、结构域及三维高级结构。[结果]该蛋白质是一个极疏水性蛋白,含403个氨基酸,理论等电点为6.95;包含1个明显卷曲螺旋结构、5个糖基化位点、1个硫解酶结构域;二级结构中α-helix(Hh)占39.95%、Extended strand(Ee)占16.38%、Random coil(Cc)占43.67%;Ramachandram结构检测表明预测蛋白质残基的二面角有90%以上位于黄色区域,符合立体化学能量规则。[结论]为该蛋白功能的探索提供了一定的理论参考。     

重组UK114蛋白编码基因的序列特征及表达分析

UK114蛋白对调节calpain活性具有重要作用,为了初步研究UK114蛋白的生物学特性,在测序的基础上,克隆和鉴定了UK114蛋白基因,分析该蛋白结构及功能预测。提取山羊肝脏中的总RNA,通过特异性引物扩增,获得UK114蛋白基因的序列,利用生物信息学方法分析了UK114蛋白的理化性质、信号肽、疏水性、糖基化、磷酸化位点,并对其二、三级结构进行预测。结果表明,克隆所得到的重组UK114蛋白基因由414个核苷酸组成,编码137个氨基酸的蛋白,其分子量约为14 ku,等电点为6.19;该蛋白氨基酸组成中丙氨酸含量最高,占15.3%,缺乏组氨酸和色氨酸;该蛋白结构中不存在信号肽,也没有糖基化位点,存在多个磷酸化位点;蛋白质二级结构中α螺旋占到了35.04%,不规则卷曲占到37.23%,β折叠占21.17%;三级结构中α螺旋位于N端,β折叠主要位于C端。该蛋白没有信号肽和糖基化位点,说明该蛋白不是分泌蛋白,不能发生糖基化,说明结构相对来说不是很稳定;有多个磷酸化位点,决定了其功能的多样性和复杂性。研究结果可为后期的蛋白质功能研究提供一定的理论依据。     

菊叶香藜精油合成关键HMGR基因的生物信息学分析

采用生物信息学的方法分析菊叶香藜3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(Ds HMGR)基因所编码蛋白质的理化性质、信号肽、跨膜结构域、亚细胞定位、保守结构域、二级结构、三级结构,并进行多条氨基酸序列比对和系统进化树构建。结果表明,Ds HMGR基因包含一段1 725 bp的开放阅读框,编码574个氨基酸,非极性氨基酸为主要氨基酸,等电点为7.46,为不稳定蛋白质,编码蛋白质中不含有信号肽,在N端具有2个疏水区域,含有2个跨膜结构域,Ds HMGR蛋白定位到内质网上,在C端和连接区具有较高保守性,在N端保守性较低,含有HMGR蛋白特有的4个保守活性位点,二级结构主要为α-螺旋,三级结构预测显示Ds HMGR蛋白具有N、L和S 3个催化活性中心结构域。HMGR蛋白进化分析中,菊叶香藜与藜科植物聚为一支,遗传距离较近。     

奶牛IL-8基因结构和功能的生物信息学分析

以奶牛IL-8基因为研究对象,运用生物信息学方法,对其编码的蛋白质结构、理化性质、信号肽、跨膜结构、亚细胞定位、二级结构以及高级结构进行生物信息学分析,并推测与其他物种的进化关系。结果表明:奶牛IL-8蛋白为稳定亲水性跨膜蛋白,定位于细胞外。二级结构以α螺旋和无规则卷曲为主,有2个Ser和2个Thr,可能成为蛋白激酶磷酸化位点,此外还有12个糖基化位点。保守结构域分析表明,奶牛IL-8蛋白有一个SCY锌指保守结构域。IL-8蛋白氨基酸邻接系统树分析表明,奶牛IL-8基因与绵羊的亲缘关系最近,具有较高的同源性。     

甘薯等10种作物基因的生物信息学分析

采用生物信息学相关软件对甘薯等10种NAC1蛋白的氨基酸序列及其理化性质、磷酸化位点、疏水性或亲水性、二级结构和三级结构、跨膜结构域、信号肽、亚细胞定位以及保守结构域等进行了预测和分析。结果表明:供试10种NAC1蛋白的磷酸化位点主要为丝氨酸、苏氨酸和酪氨酸;这些NAC1蛋白均为亲水性蛋白,属于非分泌蛋白,不具有信号肽,没有明显的跨膜结构域;在它们的二级结构中,无规则卷曲所占比例最高;MtNAC1和CaNAC1可能定位于叶绿体,NtNAC1和GmNAC1可能定位于线粒体,甘薯及其他6种作物的NAC1蛋白可能定位于细胞核;甘薯等NAC1蛋白的三级结构与水稻NAC1蛋白具有一定的相似性;10种NAC1蛋白均含有1个NAM(No apical meristem)功能结构域。氨基酸序列比对和进化树分析显示IbNAC1与CaNAC1的亲缘关系最近。     

绵羊BMPR1B基因的生物信息学分析

【目的】利用生物信息学软件对绵羊BMPR1B基因进行分析,并了解其功能和结构,为进一步探讨BMPR1B基因在绵羊生长繁殖以及绵羊卵泡生长和分泌和产羔率等研究奠定遗传信息基础.【方法】利用生物信息学对绵羊骨形态发生蛋白1β(bone morphogenetic protein 1beta,BMPR1B)基因的蛋白理化性质、亚细胞定位、潜在信号肽剪切位点、蛋白跨膜螺旋结构、糖基化和磷酸化位点、蛋白保守结构域、亲疏水性和编码产物进行功能预测分析,及其编码蛋白的二级结构和三级结构等进行分析预测.【结果】绵羊BMPR1B基因CDs编码蛋白质的502个氨基酸残基中,带电荷氨基酸、疏水氨基酸和极性氨基酸含量较高.相对分子量为56 907.4U,理论等电点pI为7.78;亚细胞主要定位于细胞核,不属于分泌蛋白;无信号肽序列;预测含有32个磷酸化位点和2个糖基化位点;存在一段跨膜结构且分别有一个GS和S-TKc的结构域,二级结构以无规卷曲为主.预测该蛋白在翻译和脂肪代谢过程中有着重要意义.【结论】绵羊BMPR1B蛋白包含502个氨基酸,为细胞核合成蛋白,该蛋白翻译后修饰的主要方式是磷酸化,在细胞内主要行翻译和脂肪代谢作用.蛋白二级结以无规卷曲为主,三级结构主要由α螺旋和无规卷曲缠绕折叠形成.     

甘薯等10种作物基因的生物信息学分析

采用生物信息学相关软件对甘薯等10种NAC1蛋白的氨基酸序列及其理化性质、磷酸化位点、疏水性或亲水性、二级结构和三级结构、跨膜结构域、信号肽、亚细胞定位以及保守结构域等进行了预测和分析。结果表明:供试10种NAC1蛋白的磷酸化位点主要为丝氨酸、苏氨酸和酪氨酸;这些NAC1蛋白均为亲水性蛋白,属于非分泌蛋白,不具有信号肽,没有明显的跨膜结构域;在它们的二级结构中,无规则卷曲所占比例最高;MtNAC1和CaNAC1可能定位于叶绿体,NtNAC1和GmNAC1可能定位于线粒体,甘薯及其他6种作物的NAC1蛋白可能定位于细胞核;甘薯等NAC1蛋白的三级结构与水稻NAC1蛋白具有一定的相似性;10种NAC1蛋白均含有1个NAM(No apical meristem)功能结构域。氨基酸序列比对和进化树分析显示IbNAC1与CaNAC1的亲缘关系最近。     

鸭LEPR基因结构和功能的生物信息学分析

以鸭瘦素受体(LEPR)基因为研究对象,运用生物信息学方法对鸭等10种动物的LEPR蛋白进行多序列比对分析、分子进化分析及蛋白质结构分析,并预测LEPR蛋白的理化性质、疏水性等基本性质。结果表明：鸭LEPR蛋白预测为不稳定的亲水性蛋白质,不含信号肽,为非分泌型蛋白质,定位在细胞质膜上,与其生物学功能相符。鸭LEPR蛋白还含有132个潜在磷酸化位点、10个N型糖基化位点和6个O型糖基化修饰位点。进化关系分析表明,鸭LEPR基因与同为水禽的黑天鹅进化关系最近,具有较高的同源性。这一研究为进一步研究鸭LEPR基因及其编码的蛋白质结构和功能提供了参考。     

玉米JAZ基因家族的生物信息学分析

基于已发布的玉米全基因组数据,利用系列生物信息学分析软件对玉米JAZ基因家族进行了氨基酸组成及其理化性质、蛋白质亲疏水性、磷酸化位点、二级结构元件和含量、跨膜结构域、信号肽、蛋白质亚细胞定位、功能结构域预测和分析。结果表明,玉米JAZ蛋白的氨基酸残基数目介于110～426个,相对分子质量介于11 834.49～30 494.24,理论等电点介于4.89～10.18,玉米JAZ蛋白的主要氨基酸为丙氨酸、脯氨酸、精氨酸等。稳定性预测结果表明,玉米JAZ蛋白均为非稳定性蛋白质;信号肽和跨膜结构域预测结果显示,这些蛋白质均为非分泌蛋白质,不具有信号肽,且没有明显的跨膜结构域。JAZ蛋白二级结构元件主要为不规则卷曲、α-螺旋和延伸链。亚细胞定位预测结果显示,JAZ蛋白质主要定位于细胞核;结构域预测结果表明,JAZ蛋白均含有JAZ蛋白家族典型的TIFY和CCT-2功能结构域。研究结果可为玉米JAZ基因功能研究和玉米性状定向改良奠定理论基础。     

Heterodimeric GTPase core of the SRP targeting complex

Two structurally homologous guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) domains interact directly during signal recognition particle (SRP)-mediated cotranslational targeting of proteins to the membrane. The 2.05 angstrom structure of a complex of the NG GTPase domains of Ffh and FtsY reveals a remarkably symmetric heterodimer sequestering a composite active site that contains two bound nucleotides. The structure explains the coordinate activation of the two GTPases. Conformational changes coupled to formation of their extensive interface may function allosterically to signal formation of the targeting complex to the signal-sequence binding site and the translocon. We propose that the complex represents a molecular "latch" and that its disengagement is regulated by completion of assembly of the GTPase active site.     

Bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics: crystal structure of beta-lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus PC1 at 2.5 A resolution

beta-lactamases are enzymes that protect bacteria from the lethal effects of beta-lactam antibiotics, and are therefore of considerable clinical importance. The crystal structure of beta-lactamase from the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus PC1 has been determined at 2.5 angstrom resolution. It reveals a molecule of novel topology, made up of two closely associated domains. The active site is located at the interface between the domains, with the key catalytic residue Ser70 at the amino terminus of a buried helix. Examination of the disposition of the functionally important residues within the active site depression leads to a model for the binding of a substrate and a functional analogy to the serine proteases. The unusual topology of the secondary structure units is relevant to questions concerning the evolutionary relation to the beta-lactam target enzymes of the bacterial cell wall.     

The complete atomic structure of the large ribosomal subunit at 2.4 A resolution

The large ribosomal subunit catalyzes peptide bond formation and binds initiation, termination, and elongation factors. We have determined the crystal structure of the large ribosomal subunit from Haloarcula marismortui at 2.4 angstrom resolution, and it includes 2833 of the subunit's 3045 nucleotides and 27 of its 31 proteins. The domains of its RNAs all have irregular shapes and fit together in the ribosome like the pieces of a three-dimensional jigsaw puzzle to form a large, monolithic structure. Proteins are abundant everywhere on its surface except in the active site where peptide bond formation occurs and where it contacts the small subunit. Most of the proteins stabilize the structure by interacting with several RNA domains, often using idiosyncratically folded extensions that reach into the subunit's interior.     

Active human-yeast chimeric phosphoglycerate kinases engineered by domain interchange

Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) is a monomeric protein composed of two domains of approximately equal size, connected by a hinge. Substrate-induced conformational change results in the closure of the active site cleft, which is situated between these two domains. In a study of the relations between structure and function of this enzyme, two interspecies hybrids were constructed, each composed of one domain from the human enzyme and one domain from the yeast enzyme. Despite a 35% difference in the amino acid composition between human and yeast PGK, catalytic properties of the hybrid enzymes are very similar to those of the parental proteins. This result demonstrates that the evolutionary substitutions within these two distantly related molecules do not significantly affect formation of the active site cleft, mechanism of domain closure, or enzyme activity itself.     

Structure of the zinc transporter YiiP

YiiP is a membrane transporter that catalyzes Zn2+/H+ exchange across the inner membrane of Escherichia coli. Mammalian homologs of YiiP play critical roles in zinc homeostasis and cell signaling. Here, we report the x-ray structure of YiiP in complex with zinc at 3.8 angstrom resolution. YiiP is a homodimer held together in a parallel orientation through four Zn2+ ions at the interface of the cytoplasmic domains, whereas the two transmembrane domains swing out to yield a Y-shaped structure. In each protomer, the cytoplasmic domain adopts a metallochaperone-like protein fold; the transmembrane domain features a bundle of six transmembrane helices and a tetrahedral Zn2+ binding site located in a cavity that is open to both the membrane outer leaflet and the periplasm.     

Crystal structure of the extracellular segment of integrin alpha Vbeta3

Integrins are alphabeta heterodimeric receptors that mediate divalent cation-dependent cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion through tightly regulated interactions with ligands. We have solved the crystal structure of the extracellular portion of integrin alphaVbeta3 at 3.1 A resolution. Its 12 domains assemble into an ovoid "head" and two "tails." In the crystal, alphaVbeta3 is severely bent at a defined region in its tails, reflecting an unusual flexibility that may be linked to integrin regulation. The main inter-subunit interface lies within the head, between a seven-bladed beta-propeller from alphaV and an A domain from beta3, and bears a striking resemblance to the Galpha/Gbeta interface in G proteins. A metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) in the betaA domain is positioned to participate in a ligand-binding interface formed of loops from the propeller and betaA domains. MIDAS lies adjacent to a calcium-binding site with a potential regulatory function.     

Characterization of an extremely large, ligand-induced conformational change in plasminogen

Native human plasminogen has a radius of gyration of 39 angstroms. Upon occupation of a weak lysine binding site, the radius of gyration increases to 56 angstroms, an extremely large ligand-induced conformational change. There are no intermediate conformational states between the closed and open form. The conformational chang is not accompanied by a change in secondary structure, hence the closed conformation is formed by interaction between domains that is abolished upon conversion to the open form. This reversible change in conformation, in which the shape of the protein changes from that best described by a prolate ellipsoid to a flexible structure best described by a Debye random coil, is physiologically relevant because a weak lysine binding site regulates the activation of plasminogen.