不同药剂处理防治棉花黄萎病研究

几种不同的杀菌剂和植物生长调节剂对棉花黄萎病的防治效果在田间进行了试验,结果表明,４０％抗枯威可湿性粉剂４００倍液防治效果最好,达７１．３％;０．５％藜芦碱水剂４００倍液次之,防效为６２．２％;绿风９５６００倍液、抗枯威８００倍液、黄腐酸盐６００倍液和缩节安６０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１也有一定的防治效果,分别为５９．７％、４８．５％、４７．０％和４５．９％,而５０％多菌灵６００倍液和高锰酸钾１０００倍液防效较差。此外,几种供试药剂还有不同程度的增产作用,以４０％抗枯威４００倍液增产幅度最大,其次为缩节安６０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１和黄腐酸盐６００倍液。     

几种药剂防治棉花黄萎病的效应初报

近年来，棉花黄萎病在江汉平原棉区蔓延直接威协着棉花生产和产量，本文就减轻其危害，提高经济效益，探索药剂防治棉花黄萎病的效应作了试验。     

不同药剂喷施处理对海南油茶保花保果效果的影响

在油茶试验基地设定15个处理,分别在花期喷洒不同类型及浓度的药物进行保花保果处理,并以喷洒清水为对照;采收成熟果实,测定其产量和单果重、横纵径、籽粒重等果实指标,进行生物统计分析,并结合喷洒成本,计算经济效益,筛选出海南油茶最适宜的保花保果药物及浓度。结果表明：0.5%硼砂、20 mg/L GA3、800倍爱多收和0.1%硼砂＋800倍爱多收＋800倍高美施处理的株产量显著高于对照组;0.5%硼砂处理的果实横纵径显著高于对照组;20 mg/L GA3、0.1%硼砂、800倍爱多收处理的单果重显著高于对照组     

棉花枯、黄萎病防治办法

近年来，棉花枯、黄萎病已经上升为棉花的主要病害，年复一年地发生和蔓延。到底怎样才能有效地控制危害？一直是广大棉农十分关心的问题，各种方法和药剂试验不少，有成功的也有失败的。这里将各地防治的经验和出现的问题归纳一下，与大家共同探讨。     

不同吸附载体对木霉菌防治棉花黄萎病的效果

利用锯末、玉米芯末、膨润土等为木霉菌载体,对棉花进行根区施药防治棉花黄萎病。试验结果表明,以玉米芯末为载体的处理防治效果最佳,药后60天和90天防治效果分别为70．6％和83．2％,以锯末为载体的处理防效较好,药后60天和90天防治效果分别为68．1％和80．6％,两者均可作为木霉菌防治棉花黄萎病的载体,具有广阔的应用前景。     

4种药剂防治棉花黄萎病研究

大田试验结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌、乙蒜素、恶霉灵、克萎星对棉花黄萎病都有一定的防治效果,尤其以活芽孢10亿个.g-1枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂防治效果显著。枯草芽孢杆菌叶面喷雾的最佳浓度为300～600倍液,防治效果可达54.35%～57.35%。     

我国棉花黄萎病的研究进展

本文总结了我国棉花黄萎病研究二十多年来所取得的成就，并就今后努力的方向提出了建议。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对棉花黄萎病田间防治效果试验

在河南开封对10亿·g^-1枯草芽孢杆菌干粉种衣剂防治棉花黄萎病与促进棉花生长效果进行了田间试验研究。结果表明：“枯草芽孢杆菌”干粉种衣剂对棉花黄萎病有一定的防治效果,能够促进棉花生长和提高棉花的产量。     

棉花黄萎病化学防治技术研究

棉花黄萎病可通过施用化学药剂得到防治。种子处理结合田间６月中旬至７月中旬、８月上中旬喷施杀菌剂安索菌毒清、黄腐酸类物质（黄腐酸盐、生化黄腐酸），可有效地防治棉花黄萎病。在所使用的商品杀菌剂中，安索菌毒清防效最好，种子处理和生长前期喷施的防效均为１００％，生长后期喷施的防效为７５．８％。另外，新研制的２组试验材料抗侵染和抗扩展的效果均为１００％，具有开发前景     

不同种衣剂对棉花黄萎病防治效果的研究

为研究不同包衣剂在棉花黄萎病防治中的效果,本试验用克百威、微肥分别与其它不同的杀菌剂组合,与对照共同组成5个处理,4次重复,随机区组设计,测定棉花的出苗率、裂铃吐絮期、有效结铃数、铃重、株高、病情指数和子棉产量等指标。各种药剂组合表现均好于对照,以克百威、多菌灵、甲基立枯磷和锌肥的组合为最好。在使用种衣剂防治棉花黄萎病时,建议推广10%克百威+10%多菌灵+5%甲基立枯磷+2.5%锌肥的组合。     

抗虫棉黄萎病的防治途径研究

通过试验观察发现,目前推广的3类抗虫棉品种,在无病田种植,均未发生枯萎病但都发生了黄萎病,发病株率在63.35%～81.65%,病情指数在21.66～44.55;品种间存在着明显的差异,但杂交棉在抗黄萎病方面没有表现出优势.根据试验结果,综合多方面对黄萎病的研究,棉花品种抗病性差和种子带菌应是黄萎病普遍发生的重要原因.因此.要想根治棉花黄萎病,选育抗性强的品种是基础,生产无菌种子是关键,建立综合防治技术体系是保证.     

棉田复种芥菜对土壤中大丽轮枝菌和黄萎病的影响

为明确棉田复种芥菜(Brassica juncea)对黄萎病及土壤中大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae Kleb.)的影响,通过定量检测土壤中V.dahliae微菌核数量,监测棉花黄萎病发生程度,研究棉田复种芥菜对土壤中V.dahliae微菌核数量季节性动态的影响和棉花黄萎病的防治效果.试验设棉花单作...     

新疆阿拉尔垦区棉花枯黄萎病的发生及防治措施

近年来由于气候变化异常、抗病耐病品种匮乏等原因,新疆阿拉尔垦区棉花枯萎病和黄萎病呈现出加重发生的趋势,严重影响棉花的产量和品质.为了实现棉花生产提质增效、保持可持续发展,初步分析了阿拉尔垦区2018―2020年棉花枯萎病和黄萎病发病特点和原因,摸索总结出棉花枯萎病、黄萎病的综合防治措施.     

棉花枯萎病的症状与防治方法

通过对棉花枯萎病不同时期症状的描述及发病因素的分析,提出了"保护无病区、消灭零星病区、控制轻病区和改造重病区"的棉花枯萎病防治策略和建议.     

Advances and prospects of genetic mapping of Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton

Verticillium wilt is one of the most important diseases a ecting cotton production in China. The fungus, Verticillium dahliae, has a wide host range and a high degree of genetic variability. No resistance resources have been found in the available planting resources, thus presenting di culties and challenges for our study. The long-term production practice shows that selection of disease-resistant varieties is the most economical and e ective measure to control Verticillium wilt of cotton to red...     

Field assessment of commercial cotton cultivars for Verticillium wilt resistance and yield

Verticillium wilt is responsible for substantial yield losses in cotton. The use of cultivars with partial resistance to Verticillium wilt is a preferred management strategy. Cotton breeders utilize rating scales based on severity of foliar symptom expression and/or defoliation when making cultivar selections. The objective of this research was to determine the yield relationship with cultivars grouped by both incidence of Verticillium wilt during the boll filling stage, and late season defoliation in fields with a history of Verticillium wilt. Small plot, replicated cultivar trials were conducted over an 11 year period in west Texas. Cultivars were divided into four classes (A–D) based on normalized wilt incidence (NW) and four classes based on normalized defoliation ratings (ND). Classes were determined through a mixed model analysis of cultivars, with T-test comparisons between a partially resistant check (Fibermax 2484B2F) and a susceptible check (Deltapine 0912B2RF). The A and C classes did not differ (P = 0.05) from the partially resistant and susceptible checks, respectively. Classes were used in a mixed model analysis with lint yield. In a model with only NW classes, lint yield decreased significantly as NW increased with least square mean values of 1421, 1385, 1284 and 1204 kg/ha, for classes A, B, C and D, respectively. In a model with both NW and ND classes, the A/A class combination of NW and ND had a significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher lint yield (1776 kg/ha) than any other combination. NW/ND class combinations of A/B, B/A, B/B, and C/A had intermediate yields, and ND classes of C or D had the lowest yields. Cultivars with both low wilt and defoliation incidences should result in higher yields in fields infested with Verticillium dahliae. Furthermore, these two rating criteria could be used to standardize the process for developing resistant cultivars.     

Efficacy of soil fumigants for control of Verticillium wilt of potatoes

Soil fumigation with materials containing methyl isothiocyanate, 1, 3-dichloropropene, or trichloronitromethane, alone or in combination, delayed “early maturity disease” symptoms caused byVerticillium dahliae Kleb, in potatoes and increased yields. Soil fumigation increased the crop value as much as $818 per acre, depending on the material and rate, used when potatoes were grown for two consecutive years following fumigation. With the exception of trichloronitromethane, fall fumigation was as effective or more effective than spring fumigation.     

2015-2019年河南省棉花品种区域试验参试品种(系)抗枯黄萎病性评述

为明确河南省棉花区域试验新品种(系)的抗病水平,分析比较了2015―2019年参试的244个品种(系)对枯萎病、黄萎病的抗性.结果表明:参试品种(系)的抗枯萎病性水平较高,高抗和抗病品种(系)比例均在50％以上;对黄萎病的抗性有待提高,仍以耐黄萎病品种为主;兼抗品种所占的比例较低,枯萎病总体抗性指数(rF)远大于黄萎病...     

棉花枯黄萎病的综合防治措施

近几年来,由于种子、病株残体、田间耕作、雨水交叉传播病菌,土壤带菌量逐年增加,导致棉花枯、黄萎病（简称“两萎病”）的发生逐年加重并暴发,表现为“发病早（苗期子叶开始）、发病广（新老棉田普遍发生）、发病重（缺苗断垄,成片枯死）和混合发生（两萎病发生在同一棉株上）”的四大特点。当前,“两萎病”已是棉花生产的巨大障碍因子。