Calcium-selective electrode with liquid ion exchanger

A simple calcium-selective electrode has been developed which is capable of measuring calcium ion activity in the presence of many common interfering ions. The electrode utilizes a liquid ion exchanger membrane containing the calcium salt of a disubstituted phosphoric acid.     

Localization of calcium in amyloplasts of root-cap cells using ion microscopy

An ion microscope has been used to demonstrate that the calcium ion is present in the amyloplasts of root-cap cells of corn, pea, and lettuce. The localization of calcium in the gravity-sensing organelle suggests a possible role of calcium in the gravity-sensing mechanism of plant roots.     

Potassium ion specific electrode with high selectivity for potassium over sodium

A new potassium electrode, made from valinomycin, which uses commercially available electrode configurations, responds to potassium ion concentrations from 1 mole per liter to below 10(-6) mole per liter. It is highly selective for potassium ion over sodium ion and divalent ions and can be used for the direct determination of potassium ion in human serumn. No significant complexing of potassiium appears to occur in normal seruin.     

Brain calcium: role in temperature regulation

Perfusion of the preoptic-anterior hypothalamus with excess calcium ion in ground squirrels produces a drop in core temperature. The magnitude of the drop is directly dependent on ambient temperature. Respiration, heart rate, and oxygen consumption are also reduced during perfusion of calcium ion. It is concluded that the depression of body temperature during calcium ion perfusion is due to generalized depression of the neurons of the preoptic-anterior hypothalamus.     

External calcium ions are required for potassium channel gating in squid neurons

The effects of calcium removal on the voltage-dependent potassium channels of isolated squid neurons were studied with whole cell patch-clamp techniques. When the calcium ion concentration was lowered from 10 to 0 millimolar (that is, no added calcium), potassium channel activity, identified from its characteristic time course, disappeared within a few seconds and there was a parallel increase in resting membrane conductance and in the holding current. The close temporal correlation of the changes in the three parameters suggests that potassium channels lose their ability to close in the absence of calcium and simultaneously lose their selectivity. If potassium channels were blocked by barium ion before calcium ion was removed, the increases in membrane conductance and holding current were delayed or prevented. Thus calcium is an essential cofactor in the gating of potassium channels in squid neurons.     

硝酸盐快速诊断技术在氮素营养诊断中的应用分析

为了筛选出简便、实用的硝酸盐快速诊断技术,使实时监测植物氮素含量水平成为可能,对离子选择电极法与硝酸盐试纸法2种诊断技术进行综述,对比了其在工作原理、精度、存在问题和提高精度的途径等方面的研究现状.结果表明:2种方法都存在一定的干扰因素,并且尚无简便有效的消除方法;离子选择电极法受干扰因素影响更大,测量精度和测量稳定性低于硝酸盐试纸法;分析了硝酸盐快速诊断技术在植物氮素营养诊断领域的应用前景.为促进该技术的推广,在取样规范化、干扰因素分析研究、建立特定诊断体系以及降低诊断成本等方面提出了研究建议.     

p-nitrophenyl phosphate hydrolysis and calcium ion transport in fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum

The calcium ion pump of fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum can be coupled to hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate, in the absence of added adenosine triphosphate. Comparison of the activities obtained with the two substrates suggests an analogous mechanism of transport. Independent of the substrate, a 2 : 1 ratio between calcium ion transport and substrate hydrolysis is displayed by the system, and an identical amount of work is required for ion transport against a given gradient. A phosphate ester appears necessary for substrate utilization in the pump mechanism, whereas the structure of the substrate determines the rates of activity and the affinity of the system for calcium ion.     

用钙电极测定血清中总钙

本文采用一定离子浓度的底液来稀释血清，使血清中的钙全部游离出来，被钙电极所测定。用此法测出猪血清总钙是２，６２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，兔血清总钙是２．４０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，所测结果与其它方法所测一致，适合临床快速、准确测定血清总钙的要求。     

钙离子胁迫对槲蕨孢子体叶的影响

为解析钙离子胁迫对槲蕨孢子体叶片生长影响的生理机制,以两年生槲蕨孢子体叶为实验材料,观察了钙离子胁迫对孢子体叶的影响。将温室培养的两年生槲蕨植株移栽至直径18.5 cm的花盆中,以蛭石为基质,置于光照培养箱,浇施霍格兰德营养液7d后,分别浇施含有不同钙离子含量的霍格兰德营养液,处理14天,根据槲蕨叶片的形态变化确定处理浓度。取0、600、1200 mmol?L-1钙离子浓度处理的槲蕨叶片测定脯氨酸含量、甜菜碱含量、电导率含量、超氧阴离子含量、过氧化氢含量、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶活性、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶活性和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性。结果显示：槲蕨孢子体叶的脯氨酸含量随着钙离子处理浓度的逐渐增加逐渐升高,而甜菜碱含量在1200 mmol?L-1显著升高;电导率、超氧阴离子和过氧化氢的含量随着处理浓度的升高而增加;抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性随着处理浓度的增加而增强;表明钙离子浓度在1200 mmol?L-1以下时主要产生渗透胁迫作用。     

钙离子与心血管功能

钙离子参与人体许多重要的生理活动。介绍了钙离子与它的运输系统。当细胞内钙离子超负荷时，可导致心律失常和高血压。     

基于铝酞菁为载体的亚硝酸根选择性电位传感器的研制

制备了基于铝酞菁为中性载体对亚硝酸根离子（NO2^-）具有独特选择性的一种聚合膜（PVC）电极。该电极对NO2^-呈现出反-Hofmeister选择性行为和近Nernst电位响应,其线性范围为1．0×10^-1～1．5×10^-6mol／L,检测下限为9．5×10-^-7mol／L,斜率为（-58．3±0．5）mV／decade。该电极作为直接电位法的指示电极,能运用于废水中亚硝酸的测定,结果令人满意。     

Endocytotic sucrose uptake in Amoeba proteus induced with the calcium ionophore A23187

The calcium ionophore A23187 brings about an influx of calcium and uptake of sucrose by endocytosis in Amoeba proteus. The amount of endocytotic sucrose uptake elicited by the ionophore depends upon the external calcium ion concentration. Calcium ion movements may serve to couple the surface phase of endocytosis with cytoplasmic uptake of the endocytotic inducer.     

Upwelling of hydrothermal solutions through ridge flank sediments shown by pore water profiles

High calcium ion and low magnesium ion concentrations in sediment pore waters in cores from the Galápagos Mounds Hydrothermal Field on the flank of the Galápagos Spreading Center are believed to be due to a calcium-magnesium exchange reaction between circulating seawater and basement basalt. The nonlinearity of the calcium ion and magnesium ion gradients indicates that these discharging hydrothermal solutions on the ridge flank are upwelling at the rate of about 1 centimeter per year through the pelagic sediments of the Mounds Field and at about 20 centimeters per year through the hydrothermal mounds themselves.     

Chelation of calcium by lactose: its role in transport mechanisms

Lactose, like other sugars and polyols, prevents or delays the precipitation of calcium ion in the presence of bicarbonate buffer. That an uncharged calcium-lactose complex is formed was demonstrated by the use of paper electrophoresis and of calcium-45 as a label for the complex. Enhancement of the intestinal absorption of calcium ion by sugars could result from a complex of low molecular weight.     

不同炮炙方法对黄瓜籽中钙离子溶出量的影响

为优化黄瓜籽的炮炙方法,在炒黄、炒焦、炒炭条件下,将每个样品各分为籽、粉两个规格,采用超声波提取法,原子分光光度法测定黄瓜籽中钙离子含量。结果表明:在炒炭黄瓜籽粉中,Ca~+溶出量最多,为3.106%,炒黄的黄瓜籽粉中Ca~+溶出量最少,为0.838%。即炒炭炮炙可使黄瓜籽粉中Ca~+溶出量最多。     

Regenerative calcium release within muscle cells

Free calcium appears to trigger the release of stored calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skinned skeletal muscle fibers immersed in solutions with a low concentration of magnesium ion.     

Control of myocardial contraction: the sensitivity of cardiac actomyosin to calcium ion

The control by calcium ion of the adenosine triphosphatase activity of cardiac actomyosin is similar to that of white skeletal actomyosin. This finding indicates that the slower contraction and relaxation of heart muscle do not reflect different levels to which free calcium ion concentration around the myofibrils must be adjusted during contraction and relaxation and suggests a mechanism whereby myocardial contractility may be regulated.     

木材化学镀镍老化镀液的再生与回用

采用可溶性钙盐沉淀去除施镀木材的化学镀镍废液中的亚瞵酸根离子,再用氟化物去除残余的钙离子。主要研究了pH值、钙离子与亚磷酸根的浓度比、处理温度和时间对亚磷酸根去除率的影响。采用再生处理后的镀液施镀木材,可以得到具有良好导电性和电磁屏蔽性能的镀层。     

离子色谱法对食品中丙酸钙的测定

[目的]研究食品中丙酸钙含量的检测方法。[方法]分别采用水蒸气蒸馏法和直接提取法从样品中提取丙酸钙,用离子色谱法分别测定提取液中丙酸钙的含量。[结果]配制乙酸、丙酸和甲酸根离子混合标准溶液,做出乙酸、丙酸和甲酸根离子线性曲线,得到乙酸根离子线性相关性为99.91%,丙酸根离子线性相关性为99.92%,甲酸根离子线性相关性为99.95%,该方法中丙酸根离子的最低检出限为5 mg/L。样品溶液中加入400 mg/L丙酸根离子标准溶液做加标回收率试验,平均加标回收率为98.98%。在相同试验条件下,对400 mg/L丙酸根离子标准溶液进样6次,其相对标准偏差小于0.8%。[结论]样品处理的最佳方法为水蒸气蒸馏法。     

Divalent phosphate electrode

Divalent phosphate ion activities can be measured in dilute aqueous solutions in the physiological pH range (7.0 to 7.5) with a liquid ionexchange membrane electrode system; the organic ion exchanger consists of an amine chloride membrane. Reference solutions may be either aqueous chloride or bicarbonate solutions. An essentially Nernstian slope is obtained.