4种教槽料对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻和皮毛的影响

试验选取160头体重7．02．4±0．505kg的健康断奶仔猪,随机分4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复10头猪。分别饲喂粉料^组、扮料B组、颗粒料C组和粉料D组。结果表明：断奶后10d试验期内,扮料A组仔猪采食量和日增重均显著高于粉料B组和颗柱料C组（P〈0．05）,与粉料D组差异不显著（P〉0．05）;粉料B组和颗粒料C组采食量．日增重均差异显著（P〈0．05）。粉料A组仔猪料肉比与扮料B组和颗粒料C组差异均显著（P〈0．0,5）,与粉料D组相比,粉料A组料肉比降低4．76％。腹泻率和腹泻指数粉料A组和粉料D组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但与粉料B组和颗拉料C组间差异显著（P〈0．05）。除颗粒料C组皮毛指数与各组存在显著差异外（P〈0．05）,各组间均差异不显著（P〉0．05）。以上结果表明,粉料A和粉料D提高断奶仔猪生产性能、降低仔猪腹泻率、生产效果最佳。     

4种教槽料对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻发生率的影响

选取160头体重(7.024±0.505kg)相近的健康断奶仔猪,随机分为4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复10头猪。分别饲喂粉料A、粉料B、颗粒料C和粉料D。结果表明,断奶后10d内粉料A组仔猪采食量和日增重均显著高于粉料B和颗粒料C(P<0.05),与粉料D组差异不显著(P>0.05);粉料B和颗粒料C组采食量、日增重均差异显著(P<0.05)。粉料A组仔猪料肉比与粉料B和颗粒料C差异均显著(P<0.05)。与粉料D相比,粉料A组料肉比降低4.76%。腹泻率和腹泻指数,粉料A和粉料D间差异不显著(P>0.05),但与粉料B和颗粒料C组间差异显著(P<0.05)。除颗粒料C组皮毛指数与各组存在显著差异外(P<0.05),各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。以上结果表明,粉料A和粉料D在提高断奶仔猪生产性能、降低仔猪腹泻率方面优于其它各组,生产效果最佳。     

二次制粒加工教槽料对哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响

选择40头(长×大)杂交母猪所产的仔猪进行试验.按所产乳猪7日龄体质量一致的原则,将40头母猪分为4个处理组,每组10头猪.按照制粒工艺和原料预处理不同,设计2因素2水平试验,生产教槽料.研究二次制粒教槽料对乳猪生长性能的影响.结果显示:采用二次制粒工艺、膨化玉米和膨化豆粕原料的处理4组乳猪,平均日增质量和平均日采食量显著大于其他3组,而血清尿素氮指标显著小于其他3组.试验证明,在选择膨化玉米与膨化豆粕优质饲料原料的基础上,采用二次制粒工艺,尤其先将鱼粉、膨化玉米和膨化豆粕进行第1次高温制粒,所生产的教槽料对提高乳猪生长性能具有良好的效果.     

乳猪教槽料对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

本文通过仔猪早期断奶技术—乳猪教槽料的方法,选择胎次一致、产期相近(相差2~3d)、体重相近、体质健康的杜长大三元杂种仔猪30头,随机分成2组,每组15头进行饲喂对比试验。试验结果表明,饲喂乳猪早期教槽料和饲喂一般乳猪颗粒料仔猪断奶后采食量分别为359g±10.1和297g±11.3g/d,日增重分别为331g±8.2和210g±7.4g/d,料肉比分别为1.08:1和1.41:1,健康状况分别为健康无腹泻和健康有2例腹泻。试验组比对照组仔猪断奶后采食量提高31%,断奶仔猪的日增重提高17%,试验组仔猪断奶后采食量、日增重明显高于对照组(P<0.05),试验组仔猪腹泻状况好于对照组,试验组的料肉比低于对照组。     

生物血浆在乳猪教槽料中的应用

将生物血浆用于乳猪教槽料中,进行为期10d的试验。结果表明,生物血浆在乳猪教槽料中取代50%和100%的血浆蛋白,断奶后10d的仔猪,采食量、增重速度及饲料效益无明显差异,而在改善仔猪消化系统健康状态、控制下痢方面,生物血浆效果明显。     

熟化软颗粒教槽料对断奶仔猪生长性能及腹泻率的影响

为研究熟化软颗粒教槽料对仔猪断奶前后生长性能及腹泻率的影响,试验选用8窝(共计84头)15日龄仔猪,随机分为对照组和试验组,分别饲喂同配方的粉状教槽料和软颗粒教槽料,每个组4个重复,每个重复1窝猪;试验分为两个阶段,分别为断奶前10d和断奶后5d,即15~25日龄和26~30日龄,仔猪在25日龄断奶。结果表明:在15~25日龄阶段,试验组仔猪平均日增重(ADG)较对照组无明显差异,平均日采食量(ADFI)增加了40.90%;在26~30日龄阶段,试验组ADG较对照组增加了12.21%,ADFI增加了34.41%;整个试验期,试验组ADFI较对照组增加了35.12%,ADG无明显差异,试验组的腹泻率也低于对照组;在仔猪断奶前后的3d,试验组的ADG和ADFI均高于对照组。综上,软颗粒教槽料在仔猪断奶后前期可有效地提高其采食量和日增重。     

不同教槽料对哺乳-断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验旨在研究不同教槽料对哺乳-断奶仔猪生长性能的影响,采用单因子设计试验,选择3~5胎次的哺乳母猪66头,随机分配到2个处理组,每组33头,即33窝哺乳仔猪,每个处理仔猪出生后第7天分别饲喂A公司生产的奶粉教槽料和B公司生产的奶妈教槽料。试验所用仔猪出生前后相差7 d,仔猪共分2批断奶,每批保证2个处理各有1个重复,共2个重复。每批保证2个处理组的母猪在胎次、品种、体况及上胎次繁殖性能方面对应相同,仔猪在品种、日龄、体况及健康度方面对应相同。每个重复平均在（22.5±0.5）d断奶,断奶后转到保育舍继续饲喂与哺乳期相同的教槽料,直至断奶后14 d。本试验分为两个阶段,哺乳预饲-诱食阶段15.5 d和保育正试阶段14 d。试验结果表明：1）在预饲-诱食阶段,奶妈料组日采食量显著高于奶粉料组（P〈0.05）。2）在保育正试阶段,奶妈料组在末重、日增重、日采食量方面都显著高于奶粉料组（P〈0.05）,料重比方面显著低于奶粉料组（P〈0.05）,腹泻率比奶粉料组降低了28.04%（P〉0.05）,每千克增重成本比奶粉料组少0.51元。结论：根据该场的实际情况,奶妈料对该场哺乳-断奶仔猪的生长性能以及经济效益的影响效果更优。     

颗粒料和粉状料对乳猪教槽效果研究

选择哺乳母猪12头[每头母猪带乳猪(10±1)头],按胎次、窝乳猪数、哺乳日龄相似的原则随机分为2组,即颗粒料组和粉状料组,每组6个重复,每个重复1窝猪。试验结束时前腔静脉采血,测定血清生化指标,研究了颗粒饲料和粉状料对乳猪的教槽效果。结果表明颗粒料教槽效果在乳猪7～21日龄时和粉状料相似(P0.05),但是在乳猪21～28日龄颗粒料组乳猪平均日采食量(ADFI)显著高于粉状料组(P0.05);平均日增重(ADG)也高于粉状料组,但是没有显著差异(P0.05);颗粒料和粉状料对乳猪断奶后一周平均日采食量和料肉比(FCR)没有显著影响(P0.05);血清生化指标方面,颗粒料组和粉状料组相比总蛋白、白蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、谷丙转氨酶和尿素氮含量均没有显著变化(P0.05)。     

不同设计类型的教槽料饲喂器和采食便利性对仔猪采食教槽料和窝生产性能的影响

本试验的目的是测定不同设计类型的教槽料饲喂器和较高的采食便利性对仔猪教槽料采食量及其断奶前生产性能的影响。试验选用54头PIC1050系母猪及其所产仔猪，根据胎龄和分娩日期将试验母猪分成两批，再根据随机完全区组设计将每批试验母猪分入三个试验处理组中。处理1组为对照组，仔猪使用料斗型旋转式饲喂器；处理2组仔猪使用非料斗型旋转式饲喂器；处理3组仔猪使用长条式饲喂器。试验仔猪从分娩后第18天至断奶（第21天）进行自由采食教槽料，日粮含代谢能1585kcal／Ib、真回肠可消化赖氨酸仃IDLys）1．56％，并添加1．0％的三氧化二铬。母猪在整个哺乳期自由采食单一日粮（ME：1586kcal／Ib，TIDLys：0．97嘲。仔猪在出生后第0（出生当日）、18和21天（断奶时）进行个体称重，以计算总增重和日增重。计算饲喂器内饲料消耗量，并以此作为窝教槽料采食量。在断奶前3～12h，用无菌棉签对所有处理组的仔猪采集两次粪便样本。在两次取样中，仔猪粪便颜色至少有一次为绿色时，该仔猪就被认为采食教槽料仔猪（简称采食仔猪）。结果表明，使用不同设计类型的饲喂器进行饲喂的仔猪，断奶时在个体重（p〈0．18）和窝重（P〈0．51）上均没有显著差异，在个体和窝的总增重伊〈0．20）及日增重（P〈0．31）上也很接近。采用非料斗型旋转式饲喂器或长条式饲喂器饲喂的仔猪，所消耗的总教槽料比使用料斗型旋转式饲喂器饲喂的仔猪多2．7倍（P〈0．0001）。对于料斗型旋转式、非料斗型旋转式和长条式饲喂器饲喂的仔猪，每12h平均饲喂频率分别是1、2．3和4．2次。饲喂器设计类型对饲喂教槽料仔猪中采食仔猪的比例有显著影响（P〈0．0001）。在使用料斗型旋转式、非料斗型旋转式和长条式饲喂器的仔猪中，采食仔猪分别占69％、47     

不同教槽料形态仔猪断奶前后生长性能的影响

教槽料的品种和料性是决定仔猪早期断奶后适应能力的重要因素。文章以教槽料为研究对象,比较教槽料与代乳料的教槽品质,跟踪哺乳仔猪到断奶28日龄的生长性能,以腹泻率和皮毛指数为参考指标评价粉料型和颗粒型教槽料的饲喂效果。结果表明,断奶前教槽料采食量和平均日增重高于代乳料(P0.05),断奶后教槽料采食量和平均日增重高于代乳料(P0.05),断奶后教槽料组成活率高于代乳料组,教槽料组腹泻率和皮毛指数高于代乳料(P0.05),粉料型组断奶后腹泻率和皮毛指数优于颗粒型组。结论:仔猪实现早期断奶应当采用教槽料,断奶前后粉料型教槽料优于颗粒型教槽料。     

功能性低聚糖对断奶仔猪腹泻的防治及生产性能的影响

在仔猪饲粮中分别添加低聚果糖(FOS)、异麦芽低聚糖(GOS)和甘露寡糖(MOS),用48头35日龄杜×长断奶仔猪进行了为期28 d的饲养试验,观察了功能性低聚糖对断奶仔猪腹泻的防治作用及生产性能的影响.将试验猪随机分为4组,即在基础日粮中分别添加FOS 3 g/kg、GOS 2 g/kg和MOS 3 g/kg的3个处理组和1个对照组,观察了仔猪的生长发育情况,记录了各组耗料量和体重,采集血清和全血以及粪样进行了分析测试.结果表明,FOS组仔猪腹泻频率降低了66%;GOS组降低了25%;MOS组降低了54%;FOS、GOS和MOS组的血清SOD、GSH-Px活性均较对照组显著提高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);3种低聚糖组仔猪的外周血T淋巴细胞数(CD3)、IgG水平均较对照组显著提高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);3种低聚糖组仔猪的日增重和饲料报酬均有明显的提高.     

Effects of intermittent suckling and creep feed intake on pig performance from birth to slaughter

An experiment was conducted to determine if the improved creep feed intake observed during intermittent suckling (IS) is important for postweaning performance. Therefore, creep feed intake of litters was assessed, and within litters, eaters and noneaters were distinguished using chromic oxide as an indigestible marker. Batches of sows were suckled intermittently (IS, 7 batches; n = 31) or continuously (control, 7 batches; n = 31). In the IS group, litters were separated from the sow for a period of 12 h/d (0930 to 2130), beginning 11 d before weaning. Litters were weaned at 4 wk of age. Litters had free access to creep feed from 1 wk of age onward. Five days after weaning, the piglets were moved as a litter to weanling pens. At 8 wk of age, 2 barrows and 2 gilts were randomly chosen from each litter and moved to a finishing facility. Feed intake was improved by IS during the last 11 d of lactation (IS, 284 +/- 27 vs. control, 83 +/- 28 g/piglet; P < 0.001) and after weaning during the first (IS, 201 +/- 24 vs. control, 157 +/- 25 g x piglet(-1) x d(-1); P < 0.05) and second (IS, 667 +/- 33 vs. control, 570 +/- 35 g x piglet(-1) x d(-1); P < 0.05) wk. Thereafter, no differences were found to slaughter. Weaning BW was lower in IS litters (IS, 7.1 +/- 0.01 vs. control, 8.1 +/- 0.01 kg/piglet; P < 0.05), but 7 d after weaning BW was similar (IS, 8.5 +/- 0.2 vs. control, 8.7 +/- 0.2 kg/piglet; P = 0.18), and no differences were found to slaughter. The percentage of eaters within a litter was not increased by IS during lactation (IS, 23 +/- 4.5% vs. control, 19 +/- 4.1%; P = 0.15). Weaning BW did not differ between eaters and noneaters (eater, 7.7 +/- 0.1 vs. noneater, 7.5 +/- 0.08 kg/piglet; P = 0.63). From 1 until 4 wk after weaning, piglets that were eaters during lactation had heavier BW than noneaters (eater, 20.3 +/- 0.3 kg vs. noneater, 18.2 +/- 0.2 kg; P < 0.05). The influence of eating creep feed during lactation on BW and ADG and the influence of suckling treatment never showed an interaction. We conclude that IS increases ADFI during lactation on a litter level and improves ADG in the first week and ADFI in the first and second weeks after weaning. No long-term effects on ADFI or ADG were observed throughout the finishing period. In the current experiment, in which creep feed intake was low, the percentage of eaters within a litter was not increased, suggesting that creep feed intake of piglets that were already eating was stimulated by IS. Further, piglets that were eaters during lactation had heavier BW up to 4 wk after weaning.     

微生物发酵饲料对育肥猪生长性能及肉质的影响

为了研究乳酸菌发酵饲料对育肥猪生长性能、肉品质的影响及其机理,选择体重约80 kg的杜×长×大三元杂交生长育肥猪320头,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组8个重复,每个重复20头猪,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲粮中5%的原料经乳酸菌发酵处理后再与其他原料混合;试验预试期3 d,正试期4周,在第4周结束时,每组随机抽取6头猪进行屠宰,测定屠宰性能和肉质。结果显示:与对照组相比,饲喂发酵饲料对肥育猪的干物质采食量、平均日增重和料重影响差异不显著(P0.05),猪血清中的生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子-I水平组间差异也不显著(P=0.11);试验组育肥猪的背最长肌pH_(45 min)和肉色评分显著增加(P0.05),背最长肌肉剪切力显著降低(P0.05);试验组血清谷胱甘肽还原酶活性有升高趋势(P=0.08)。结果表明:肥育猪饲料中添加5%发酵饲料原料可改善猪肉品质。     

天然植物饲料对育肥猪生长性能、血液指标及肉质的影响

为研究天然植物饲料对育肥猪生长性能、血液生化指标、抗氧化指标及肉质的影响,试验选取25kg左右的生长育肥猪152头,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复19头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂添加500g/t天然植物饲料的日粮,试验期110d。结果表明:天然植物饲料可促进育肥猪的生长发育;试验组育肥猪血清中白蛋白(ALB)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验组血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)提高了3.19%(P<0.05),血清丙二醛(MDA)降低了6.43%(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验组育肥猪肉pH24、肉色红度值和熟肉率分别提高了3.30%、10.99%和4.16%(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,天然植物饲料可促进育肥猪的生长,提高血清生化指标及抗氧化能力,显著改善肉质。     

中草药饲料添加剂防治断奶仔猪腹泻及对生长性能的影响

选用断奶后的仔猪72头随机分为3个组,试验1组、2组分别添加两种中草药饲料添加剂,添加量均为0.50%。结果表明：试验1组、2组与对照组相比,腹泻率分别降低了77.11%、70.54%;日增重分别提高了10.06%、6.69%,试验1组与对照组相比差异达到显著水平（P〈0.05）;饲料报酬,试验1、2组较对照组分别提高了14.88%、9.04%,试验1组与对照组相比差异达到极显著水平（P〈0.01）,试验2组与对照组相比差异达到显著水平（P〈0.05）。     

饲料中添加发酵豆粕对育肥猪生长性能、屠宰性能及经济效益的影响

为研究饲粮中添加发酵豆粕对育肥猪生长性能、屠宰性能及经济效益的影响,试验选择体重相近、健康的三元杂交育肥猪80头随机分成4组,每组20个重复,每个重复1头,1组饲喂基础日粮为对照组,试验2、3、4组分别用发酵豆粕替代基础日粮中50％、75％、100％的豆粕,预试验7 d,试验期56 d.结果表明:(1)试验3、4组的平...     

Effects of sweeteners on individual feed intake characteristics and performance in group-housed weanling pigs

To assess the effects of 2 high intensity sodium saccharine-based sweeteners on individual feed intake characteristics and performance of group-housed weaned pigs, one hundred ninety-eight 26-d-old weanling pigs were given ad libitum access to 3 dietary treatments containing: no additional sweetener (control), 150 mg of sweetener (Sucram C-150)/kg, or 150 mg of sweetener (Sucram 3D)/kg. At weaning, piglets were allocated to 18 pens (11 pigs/pen) based on BW, sex, and ancestry, and pens were randomly assigned to 3 treatments with 6 pens per treatment. The pens were equipped with computerized feeding stations. During the first 12 d, pigs were offered pelleted prestarter diets that were replaced at once by pelleted starter diets for the last 7 d of the 19-d experimental period. The individual feed intake characteristics consisting of latency time (interval between weaning and first feed intake), initial feed intake (intake during the first 24 h following the first feed intake), the number of total visits per day, and the number of visits in which feed was consumed, together with the time and the feed intake per visit, were determined for all piglets. Performance traits and fecal consistency were determined per pen for d 0 to 5, d 5 to 12, and d 12 to 19, as well as for the total period (d 0 to 19). The initiation of feed intake was not affected by the addition of high intensity sweeteners to the diet. From 12 d postweaning, dietary sweeteners caused the piglets to focus more on feed intake and less on exploratory behavior, as shown by the increased percentage of visits with feed intake in pigs fed the Sucram 3D diet compared with those fed the control diet (P = 0.002). The overall daily feed intake increased with time but was not affected by the addition of sweeteners. Nevertheless, dietary sweeteners prevented the depression of feed intake on d 8 and 10 postweaning (d 8, P = 0.013; d 10, P = 0.014), which seemed to coincide with an improved fecal consistency score (d 5 to 12, P = 0.11; d 12 to 19, P < 0.001). However, the changes in feed intake characteristics and fecal consistency only resulted in numerical effects on postweaning pig performance (ADFI, P = 0.126; ADG, P = 0.140). The results of the present study indicate that weanling pigs need a certain period of time before clear effects of dietary sweeteners on individual feed intake characteristics and pig performance can be observed.     

非常规饲料原料对生长育肥猪屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加非常规饲料原料对生长育肥猪屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。试验将12周龄平均初始体重为(33.15±1.23)kg的450头(公母各半)生长猪随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复30头猪。对照组饲喂常规玉米-豆粕-小麦型日粮,处理1组饲喂含有30%马铃薯茎叶和10%苜蓿草的日粮,处理2组饲喂含有30%马铃薯茎叶、10%苜蓿草及0.5%中草药提取物的日粮,试验共开展10周。结果:处理1和2组较对照组显著提高生长猪屠宰率和背膘厚度(P<0.05),但瘦肉率和眼肌面积显著降低(P<0.05)。日粮处理与性别对屠宰率、胴体长度、眼肌面积及背膘厚度的影响具有显著交互作用(P<0.05)。处理组较对照组显著提高了肌肉系水力(P<0.05),处理2组肌肉的适口性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。此外,处理组肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:与常规饲料相比,非常规饲料对生长育肥猪肌肉感官特性表现出积极影响,特别是改善了适口性和嫩度。