安徽观赏石榴品种资源及在园林中的应用研究

在对安徽省进行石榴品种资源调查的基础上,共记载17个观赏品种,建立观赏品种分类检索表,同时对观赏石榴在园林中的造景和应用进行了初步分析,并按照造景形式提出独立造景、配置造景和意境造景,并分别建议适合的观赏品种,为进一步合理利用观赏石榴研究提供了依据。     

农杆菌介导加幼苗直接形成将Bt-cry1A(b)基因转入印度棉花

利用农杆菌介导法用Bt-cry1A(b)基因对印度栽培棉种进行非基因依赖型遗传转化和植株再生.将印度栽培棉品种Anjali(LRK-516)和LRA-5166与携带Bt-cry1A(b)+nptⅡ基因的根癌农杆菌LBA4404共培养,在含100tμg@ml-1卡那霉素的筛选培养基上获得了可能的转基因直接再生苗.细菌浓度、共培养时间、感染组织的阶段和大小、标记筛选浓度、培养基成分和激素等都影响转化效果和效率.对程序进行了优化.经PCR、Southern杂交、ELISA等方法分别检测,证实了Bt-cry基因的插入和表达.Southern分析表明转化植株存在3～5个基因拷贝,但CRY蛋白表达量非常低(为叶蛋白的0.003%～0.004%)且生化抗虫性很弱或基本不影响鳞翅目昆虫.尽管如此,该方案仍适用于其它CRY基因或重要经济型基因进行非基因依赖型遗传转化和再生,产生转基因棉花.     

柚木cry1A(b)基因的遗传转化

1INTRODUCTIONTeakhasworldwidereputationasthemostdurabletimber .Teakisasun loving ,deciduoustree ,whichthrives,inanywell drainedsoil.Ithasagestation periodofbetween 15and 2 5 yearsde pendingontheregionwhereitisgrown .Owingtodwindlingnaturalteakforests ,teakhasbeenafavouritechoiceforagroforestry .However ,duetoitslonggestationperiod ,teakisnotaspopularasrubberoroilpalm .Neverthelessteakplantingisbe comingpopularinPeninsularMalaysiaandSabah .Witharapidgrowthratetogetherwithitssuperiortimbe…     

农杆菌介导大豆不同外植体遗传转化研究

以MYB转录因子GmPHR1为目的基因,冀豆12、冀豆16和绥农14为转化受体,比较农杆菌介导大豆不同外植体的遗传转化技术,为大豆转基因育种提供技术支撑。结果表明,以茎尖转化系统的不定芽诱导率、植株再生率和转化效率最高,且对基因型的依赖性最小,但由于对抗生素的敏感性较差,因而存在一定程度的假阳性;其次,以胚尖转化系统的不定芽诱导率、植株再生率和转化效率较高,对基因型的依赖性较小,同时对抗生素的敏感性较强,因而是一种较为理想的转化系统。而子叶节、下胚轴转化系统则表现出不定芽诱导率、植株再生率和转化效率均较低,且存在较强的基因型依赖性等不足。同时,利用上述4种转化系统,获得了3个供试大豆品种的转基因T1植株。     

Genetic control of somatic embryogenesis in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Adriana)

Summary In alfalfa (Medicago sativa) regeneration is genotype-specific. In order to study the genetic control of somatic embryogenesis and to constitute a synthetic cultivar characterized by its high regeneration ability, 2 embryogenic plants selected from the cv. Adriana were selfed, intercrossed and also crossed in both directions with 5 non-embryogenic genotypes of the same cultivar.Progenies of all crosses were scored for their regeneration ability and results indicate that somatic embryogenesis is under the control of 2 dominant loci. However some non-embryogenic genotypes prevent regeneration when crossed with embryogenic ones and this characteristic is not under the control of a single dominant gene.When plants chosen for their capacity to regenerate within F₁ and S₁ progenies were freely intercrossed the regeneration efficiency dropped to 2% (1 plant out of 50). This result indicates that if the genetic background of the population is changed the regeneration is greatly affected and therefore some other mechanism could play a role in determining plant regeneration.     

Marker-assisted breeding for rf1, a nuclear gene controlling A1 CMS in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

A study on marker-assisted selection (MAS) for the rf1 gene, which controls pollen sterility in the sorghum A1 cytoplasm, was conducted on the offspring population of two crosses between a maintainer line, BTx-622, and two sweet sorghum lines, BJ-299 and Lunen-2, to test the effectiveness of the MAS method and develop maintainer lines with sweet and juicy stalks and corresponding cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility (CMS) lines. The simple sequence repeat marker Xtxp18 exhibited a high accuracy (95.098 %) for selecting recessive homozygotes for the rf1 gene. The segregation ratio matched the expected ratio calculated according to the reported genetic distance in the F₂ population of the two crosses used. Finally, four excellent maintainer lines/CMS line pairs (F₅/BC₃) with high stalk juice and stalk juice sugar contents were developed. The MAS method based on Xtxp18 for the sorghum rf1 gene could be used for hybrid breeding programs at a low cost in the future.     

Trichomes and regeneration by direct organogenesis of medicinal plant Dracocephalum kotschyi L. using shoot tips (Lamiaceae)

The present study describes the procedure for micropropagation of Dracocephalum kotschyi L. using shoot tips from in vitro-germinated plants. The best response was observed for shoot tips on MS medium containing 5 mg 6-benzylaminopurine L^?1 and 0.2 mg 1-naphthaleneacetic L^?1 acid. Regeneration for other types of the explant hypocotyls and cotyledons did not show satisfactory results so that the explants did not develop into normal shoots and in turn developed into the calli after 12 days of culture. Histochemical analysis showed that only the shoot tip revealed a direct induction of more teratological protuberances that arise around the cut end of the explants. Elongation of shoot buds was obtained on MS medium containing 1 mg BAP L^?1 + 0.5 mg IBA L^?1. Regenerated shoots rooted best on the same medium of elongation. After hardening, the rooted plants were transferred to the greenhouse where they grew, matured, and flowered normally with a survival rate of 95%. We concluded that the present protocol can be efficiently used for mass propagation of Dracocephalum kotschyi.     

The effects of insect pollination on canola (Brassica napus L. cv. O.A.C. Triton) seed germination

Summary The presence of pollinators, e.g. honey bees, on canola (cv. O.A.C Triton) increases the germinability of resulting seeds from 83% to 96%.     

大豆苹果酸脱氢酶基因的电子克隆与生物信息学分析

利用电子克隆技术获得大豆中的苹果酸脱氢酶基因cDNA序列,并对基因及其编码蛋白进行生物信息学分析和预测,为进一步克隆该基因、解决植物磷高效基因数量缺乏等问题提供依据。结果表明,大豆中的苹果酸脱氢酶基因(GmMDH1)cDNA序列长度为1 574 bp,开放阅读框1 230 bp,编码409个氨基酸残基;编码蛋白含有NAD bindingsite,Dimerization interface,Substrate binding site,MDH_glyoxysomal_mitochondrial结合位点和保守域,属于LDH_MDH_like Superfamily家族;亚细胞定位分析显示,编码蛋白位于植物细胞的叶绿体中。     

Transient gene expression in transformed banana (Musa cv. Bluggoe) protoplasts and embryogenic cell suspensions

Summary In order to introduce currently-available genes with agronomical value into banana, two genetic transformation protocols have been optimized.Firstly, regenerable protoplasts isolated from embryogenic cell suspensions of the cultivar Bluggoe have been used for the introduction of several chimaeric uidA gene constructs by electroporation. With the inclusion of polyethylene glycol and heat shock, the frequency of transiently expressing protoplasts reached 1.8% as shown by an in situ -glucuronidase assay. A duplicated 35S promoter with an alfalfa mosaic virus leader sequence (pBI-426) induced the highest expression rate among the constructs tested.Embryogenic cell suspensions of cv. Bluggoe have also been bombarded with accelerated particles coated with a high expression uidA gene construct (pEmuGN) using a biolistic gun. After a partial optimization of the procedure, transient GUS assays reproducibly demonstrated the presence of 400 blue foci in 30 l of settled cell volume (approximately 25 mg cells). Selection and characterization of antibiotic-resistant transformed cultures is in progress.Abbreviations AMV alfalfa mosaic virus - GUS -glucuronidase - TGE transient GUS expression - uidA gene for -glucuronidase     

超声波辅助农杆菌介导SeNHX1基因转化紫花苜蓿的研究

为建立高效快速的紫花苜蓿遗传转化体系,以紫花苜蓿6个栽培品种为材料,采用超声波辅助农杆菌介导法,对影响紫花苜蓿遗传转化体系的若干因素进行了研究。结果显示,6个栽培品种对卡那霉素敏感性不同,维多利亚为40 mg/L,而其他5个品种为50 mg/L;通过梯度实验表明：根癌农杆菌侵染浓度OD600为0.4~0.5,侵染时间为10~15 min,超声波处理时间为10 min是实现紫花苜蓿子叶转化及抗性愈伤组织形成较为有利的组合。卡那霉素抗性愈伤组织DNA的PCR扩增显示,转化体和质粒DNA分别扩增出长度大约为546 bp的清晰条带,初步表明耐盐SeNHX1基因已整合至紫花苜蓿愈伤组织中。     

甜瓜品种河套蜜瓜ACC氧化酶基因1(ACO1)全长cDNA的克隆及序列分析

根据GenBank上登录的甜瓜ACC氧化酶基因1 (Cm-ACO1)序列,设计特异性引物,应用RT-PCR从甜瓜品种河套蜜瓜成熟果实中克隆得到了ACO1的全长cDNA,共1 035 bp,并对其进行了序列分析,结果表明,所克隆的cDNA与已报道的甜瓜品种Cantaloup charentais的ACO1 cDNA序列完全一致.该基因的克隆为进一步研究 ACC氧化酶基因在甜瓜中的表达特性以及功能奠定了基础.     

Comparative analysis of physicochemicals and antioxidative properties in new red rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Gunganghongmi)

The main objectives of this study were to investigate physicochemicals and antioxidant activities of new red rice (Oryza sativa cv. Gunganghongmi (GH)) by comparing normal brown (Nampyeongbyeo, NB) and reported red rice (Jukjinjubyeo, JB) in Korea. The nutritional constituents, including protein, oil, sugar, fatty acid, GABA, and γ-oryzanol were not significantly different between normal brown and colored rice. However, the ethanol extract of GH showed the highest phenolic content (24.7 ± 1.3 mg g^?1). The ethanol extracts of GH showed higher scavenging activities against DPPH (0.2 mg mL^?1 = 62.1 ± 2.5%) and ABTS (0.2 mg mL^?1 = 63.2 ± 3.5%) radicals. Moreover, GH more inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production (13.2 ± 1.4 μM) than JB (18.3 ± 2.3 μM) and NB (22.1 ± 1.4 μM) at the same concentration (0.2 mg mL^?1) without cytotoxicity. These results suggest that new red rice (GH) would be considered to be new functional rice due to its anti-oxidative effect and high nutrition.     

A new resistance gene to PepYMV (Pepper yellow mosaic virus) in Capsicum annuum L.

Pvr4 locus, commonly associated with a co-dominant CAPS marker, confers monogenic dominant resistance to potyvirus complex in Capsicum spp. Aiming to investigate whether the resistance found in resistant genotypes not bearing Pvr4 marker is due to allelism in the Pvr4 locus, or due to a new locus of the pvr series, segregation analyses of an F₂ population obtained from a cross between two pepper lines “Myr-29-10” (P₁) (resistant to PepYMV, showing a single band of 444 bp, Pvr4/Pvr4) and “PIM-025” (P₂) (resistant to PepYMV, showing a single band of 458 bp, Pvr4⁺/Pvr4⁺) were performed. According to the results, there is strong evidence that the locus controlling PepYMV resistance in PIM-025 (P₂) is not Pvr4. These results provide evidence that those resistant genotypes, bearing a susceptible band pattern in the Pvr4 locus (458 bp, Pvr4⁺/Pvr4⁺), carry a different gene from those described in the literature up to the present time.     

Changes in volatile constituents of blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum L. cv. ‘Titania’) following controlled atmosphere storage

Blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum L. cv. Titania) were stored for 6 weeks under air and the following controlled atmosphere (CA) storage conditions: 12:18; 18:18; 6:2 and 18:2 (kPa CO₂:kPa O₂). The emission of volatiles was assessed after 3 and 6 weeks (prolonged storage) and analyzed by GC/MS. Fifty-three volatile compounds were quantified through calibration curves. Fruit that were stored in air, for either 3 or 6 weeks, did not differ significantly from freshly harvested fruit with respect to total terpene volatiles. However, decreasing O₂ levels and increasing CO₂ levels retarded the capacity of 3-week stored fruit to synthesize terpenes, although prolonged storage under these conditions led to a partial recovery. Differential changes among the various groups of terpenes were more important, where terpene alcohols reached a peak in 6-week air-stored fruit, and storing berries under a high CO₂ level (18 kPa) and/or decreasing O₂ level (2 kPa) resulted, in most cases, in lower biosynthesis of these alcohols compared to 6-week air-stored fruit. Non-terpene compounds, mainly esters and alcohols, were also increased in air-stored fruit. CA storage conditions led to a transitory reduction in the emission of alcohols but a recovery was recorded with prolonged storage. Non-terpene esters differed greatly in storage, in particular the ester ethyl butanoate. Air-stored fruit at both sampling dates synthesized significantly higher amounts of esters than freshly harvested fruit but a significant decline was observed for branched butyl substances (2-methylbutanoate) after 6 weeks storage.     

赤峰地区敖汉苜蓿冻害及其防御技术

敖汉苜蓿在赤峰地区受冻有4种表现，（1）全株未受冻；（2）根颈上端受冻变黑，下端仍能再生新芽；（3）根颈全部和根的部分受冻变黑，不能再生新芽；（4）全株受冻死亡。引起冻害的主要原因是苜蓿播种期晚和根颈入土浅。研究结果表明，越冬前芷蓿具有2个以上分枝，根颈入土深度5cm以上，以及根颈膨大，直径达0．3cm以上者，方能减轻或避免受冻。适时早播或带肥播种，延长苜蓿生长期和促进幼苗生长，同时在封冻前对平作进行浅耕覆土或深开沟冻磨平，无能增加根颈保温层，有效提高苜蓿越冬率。     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.