牛乳腺炎金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A基因的克隆及序列分析

根据GenBank上公布的金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素A（staphylococcus enterotoxin A,SEA）基因的全序列,设计一对特异性引物扩增内蒙古分离株的SEA基因序列。经基因克隆和序列测定,表明扩增的基因片段长度为582 bp,与标准菌株ATCC13565的SEA基因片段序列相似性为100%,与GenBank上公布的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株（EF520720.1）SEA基因相似性达到99.14%。本研究结果为进一步研究建立牛乳中SEA分子检测技术奠定了实验基础。     

VACCINATION AGAINST EXPERIMENTAL STAPHYLOCOCCOSIS IN SHEEP - OBSERVATIONS ON BACTERIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY FOLLOWING CHALLENGE

Sheep were vaccinated with a killed Staphylococcus aureus vaccine (2 doses) which had been cultured in vitro (Group 1), a killed S. aureus vaccine (2 doses) cultured in vivo (Group 2) or a single dose of a live vaccine (Group 3). Other sheep were used as non-vaccinated controls. All sheep were challenged by intravenous injection of 2.6 x 10(11) washed, viable S. aureus organisms, the vaccinated animals being given the challenge inoculum at various intervals after vaccination. The control sheep survived for 29h (mean) after challenge. Animals given killed vaccines survived longer, (particularly Group 2) if challenged less than 40 days post-vaccination, compared with those challenged more than 40 days post-vaccination. Animals in Group 3 survived longer if challenged after 40 days post-vaccination than those in Groups 1 or 2. There were no significant differences between the treatment groups for numbers of S. aureus recovered from blood in the 3h period following challenge. Histological and bacteriological evidence showed that the kidneys were more severely affected by the challenge inoculum than heart, spleen, liver or lungs. The kidneys showed both toxigenic and lymphoreticular reactions and large numbers of staphylococci were recovered more reliably from kidneys than other organs.     

奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为深入了解内蒙古自治区、河北省、黑龙江省、上海市和山东省奶牛体内金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药情况,从5个省市自治区共收集247份患乳房炎奶牛乳样,进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离。通过染色镜检、PCR和微量肉汤稀释法鉴定金黄色葡萄球菌并检测其耐药性。结果表明金黄色葡萄球菌分离率12.15%。所分离得到金黄色葡萄球菌对氨曲南的耐药率最高,达到了100%;其次为青霉素(80%)、氧氟沙星(43.33%)、头孢西丁(43.33%)和美罗培南(43.33%),耐药率均高于40%。耐药率低于10%的为万古霉素(全部敏感)、苯唑西林(全部敏感)、利奈唑胺(全部敏感)、阿莫西林-克拉维酸(全部敏感)、氯霉素(3.33%)、复方新诺明(3.33%)、利福平(6.67%)和环丙沙星(6.67%)。检测结果为奶牛乳房炎的防控和临床用药提供了参考依据。     

A STUDY OF THE NUMBER AND PHAGE PATTERNS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN AN ABATTOIR

Two hundred and forty-seven samples were taken from various areas within an abattoir and the levels of Staphylococcus aureus determined. Sixty-one phage patterns were found in the 141 samples containing coagulase-positive staphylococci. The incidence of coagulase positive staphylococci increased as processing progressed. Articles such as mesh gloves, hands and aprons which were either difficult to effectively clean or maintained at elevated temperatures harboured the greatest numbers of staphylococci. Over 50% of the positive samples contained multiple phage patterns of staphylococci.     

大通县秸秆养羊项目效果调查

大通县通过秸秆养羊项目的实施,提高了秸秆饲料利用率,加强了基础设施建设,改善了生产条件,促进了生产发展,加快了秸秆氨化技术和饲草料青贮技术的推广应用。     

用碳纤维网修补兔、绵羊和驴腹肌缺损的研究

实验用兔10只、绵羊2只、驴3头,分别切除一定面积的腹肌,然后用碳纤维网修补。结果:7只兔和2只绵羊的创口均取第一期愈合,碳纤维网被组织包埋且结合紧密,其间有一薄层炎性反应区;驴的皮肤创口手术后8d愈合,碳纤维网未被包埋,于8～13d经排液孔拉出,30～31d内部组织愈合。实验表明,碳纤维网在兔和绵羊体内1个月不发生变化,组织相容性较好,可作为腹肌缺损的修补材料。在驴只能作为组织修复的支持物。     

THE EFFECT OF CHALLENGE WITH VIRULENT BRUCELLA ABORTUS ON BEEF CATTLE VACCINATED AS CALVES OR ADULTS WITH EITHER BRUCELLA ABORTUS STRAIN 19 OR 45/20

SUMMARY Groups of female calves were vaccinated subcutaneously with the standard dose of Brucella abortus strain 19 (S19) or with B. abortus 45/20 (S45/20). These calves and non-vaccinated control calves were mated at 15 months of age and challenged by way of the conjunctival sac with B. abortus strain 544 (S544). The incidence of abortion, stillbirths, weakling calves and healthy calves was observed after challenge and specimens were collected for culture at parturition and slaughter. Fifteen healthy calves were born to 18 animals vaccinated with S19, 12 were born to 18 animals vaccinated with S45/20 and 2 were born to 8 animals that were not vaccinated. B. abortus was isolated from 5 of the animals vaccinated with S19, 13 of the animals vaccinated with S45/20 and 9 of the 12 animals that were not vaccinated. Only one of the 5 infected animals vaccinated with S19 was vaccinated as an adult.