管好用好柠条籽种

编辑同志: 国家每年收购大量柠条籽,下拔给各地社队搞播种造林,增加植被。很多社队干部社员珍视每一粒柠条种子,做到如数下种,精心管理,使大片荒漠荒山得到绿化。但有一些社队虽然年年也种柠条,可就是不如数下种,种后管理工作也跟不上。据我们调查了解,还有个别基层干部和社员把国家下拨的拧条籽以“自采”为名转手卖给了供销社,得钱进了私襄。建议有关部门对这种损公肥己的不法行为要严肃处理,     

砂铁矿废弃地植被恢复中5种锦鸡儿属植物生育状况分析

为促进砂铁矿废弃地植被恢复,将5种锦鸡儿属植物种子播撒于新疆青河县砂铁矿废弃地的平地和阳坡,并对出苗、幼苗存活和生长情况进行观测。结果表明:(1)春季在平地上荒漠锦鸡儿(Caragana roborovskyi)出苗率最高(44%),阳坡的树锦鸡儿(C.arborescens)出苗率最高(51%),说明荒漠锦鸡儿和树锦鸡儿在春季温度回升时,可利用春季融雪水萌发出苗。(2)平地的白皮锦鸡儿(C.leucophloea)和荒漠锦鸡儿幼苗存活率较高(90%～93%),阳坡的柠条锦鸡儿(C.korshinskii)、树锦鸡儿和荒漠锦鸡儿幼苗存活率较高(96%～100%),说明这4种锦鸡儿幼苗耐干旱,在经历夏季高温和干旱后,仍可存活。(3)5种锦鸡儿属植物幼苗在平地上的株高为2～4 cm,柠条锦鸡儿幼苗在阳坡的株高达11 cm,其他4种野生锦鸡儿属植物生长极慢,不适宜在该采矿废弃地植被恢复中应用。     

新疆荒漠地区公路路域植被恢复设计及方法

在分析新疆荒漠区域自然条件和路域植被恢复限制因素的基础上,提出了适于荒漠区域的路域植被恢复设计与方法。     

NaCl胁迫对几种荒漠植物种子萌发的影响

通过对不同浓度(0、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7 mol/L)NaCl的胁迫下几种荒漠植物种子的萌发情况进行研究,旨在为荒漠地区植被种群恢复提供理论依据.结果 表明,随着NaCl浓度的增大,种子的发芽率和发芽指数逐渐减小,且NaC1胁迫对不同种子的抑制效果不同.耐盐极限值的大小顺序为...     

柠条豆象的测报及防治

柠条豆象是柠条种子的主要害虫，在三北地区柠条林中发生普遍，严重影响柠条种子的产量和质量。2002年～2004年，据陕西省米脂县森防站调查，柠条豆象危害种子达9％～20％。2004年，国家林业局首次发布《危险性有害生物名单》中，柠条豆象被列为第75位。随着柠条种植面积的迅速扩大，全国各地对柠条种子需求量也越来越大，内蒙古、宁夏回族自治区、陕北是柠条种子的主要产区，种子调出量不断增加，因此对柠条豆象的防治研究具有重要意义。     

乌兰布和沙漠植被及其保护

乌兰布和沙漠降雨稀少,生态环境脆弱,有种子植物49科169属312种,以蒙古种、戈壁—蒙古种、戈壁种以及古地中海区系的荒漠成分占主导地位;自然植被为亚洲中部荒漠区与草原区的分界线,主要有梭梭、柠条、白刺和油蒿、沙冬青＋白刺＋油蒿、白刺＋红砂、白刺＋霸王＋油蒿、籽蒿＋沙竹、芦苇、白刺＋芨芨草等9类群丛。由于不合理的利用,草场植被逐年退化,正朝着极度荒漠化演变。对植被状况和平缓沙丘及半固定、半流动沙地等不同立地条件的草地,应因地制宜,造（林）封（育）飞（播）结合,开展综合治理,恢复植被,遏制沙漠化加重的趋势。     

从新疆生态环境看荒漠植被恢复的重要性

文章科学阐述了荒漠植被的概念和现状特征;介绍了新疆生态环境现状,从五个方面论述了恢复荒漠植被对改善新疆生态环境,促进新疆经济发展的重要性,为政府、企业和科研机构提供了可供参考的理论和实际依据。     

神华集团准格尔露天煤矿植被恢复成效显著

神华集团准格尔煤田有限责任公司黑岱沟露天煤矿从1996年开始启动矿区植被恢复工程，截至2007年底．共投入资金4500万元，植被恢复造林面积达11245亩，保存率均在85％以上。植被恢复采用沙棘、欧李、柠条、香花槐、臭柏、侧柏、油松、新疆杨、小叶杨等混交形式，林分质量明显提高。     

柠条种子伞形采集器的设计与应用

为切实加强柠条种子的采集,实现柠条种子的有效采集。借鉴伞形采集器和漏斗式种子收集筒的设计原理,提出了柠条种子伞形采集器的设计与应用,对于提高柠条种子的收集,拓宽柠条繁育过程中的种子来源提供一定的技术参考。     

植被恢复对高寒沙区土壤性质的影响

[目的]明确高寒沙区不同植被类型对土壤性质改良效果的差异,探讨各植被区沙地土壤恢复过程的异质性和人工林木的可开发利用潜力。[方法]以沙珠玉治沙试验林场内不同生长年限的人工植被为研究对象,分析高寒沙区6种植被类型区(乌柳、青杨、赖草、柠条、沙棘、柽柳)以及3个对照区(农田、流动沙丘、丘间沙地)土壤的机械组成、p H值、有机质及全N、全P、全K等理化性质指标。[结果](1)植被恢复生长51年后,从黏粒和粉砂粒增加的比例角度分析,土壤质地改良顺序为沙棘(206.3%)柠条(108.5%)青杨(70.5%)乌柳(56.8%)赖草(54.1%)柽柳(42.3%);从全N、全P和全K增加的比例角度分析,土壤养分改良顺序为青杨(198.2%)柠条(166.7%)沙棘(155.3%)乌柳(82.6%)赖草(75.4%)柽柳(53.9%),土壤全P含量偏低,平均0.42 g·kg-1;(2)植被恢复生长51年后,柠条、沙棘、青杨、赖草、乌柳和柽柳林下0 30 cm土壤有机质含量依次为20.19、18.25、30.81、23.57、22.13和10.62 g·kg-1,比流动沙丘或丘间沙地相应的提高了766.7%、702.4%、689.8%、517.4%、491.5%和343.9%。[结论]随着植被恢复年限的增加,土壤质地和养分状况得到显著改善,但土壤p H值的变异系数较小;各样地土层间有机质含量差距不断扩大,表聚性越来越明显,并且随深度增加各土层恢复效果存在滞后性。柠条和沙棘适宜在共和盆地推广种植,建议实施适当地抚育管理措施,以促进高寒沙区林场实现可持续经营发展。     

The impact of flower density and irrigation on capsule and seed set in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus globulus</Emphasis> seed orchards

Low capsule set is a major factor limiting the productivity of Eucalyptus globulus seed orchards. This study tested the effect of flower density, as well as two common irrigation techniques on capsule and seed set. Ramets with high flower density had significantly lower capsule set (69.7%) than those with low flower density (81.7%). In a regulated deficit irrigation trial, the non-irrigated ramets set a higher proportion of capsules (63.6%) than the ramets that received conventional irrigation (CI) (51.4%). In a partial root zone drying (PRD) trial, capsule set was highest in the absence of irrigation (74.7%) followed by the PRD treatment (67.8%) and then CI (53.7%). The CI treatment tended to produce the highest number of seed per capsule. Increased water availability resulted in increased vegetative growth, which was associated with higher levels of abortion in developing capsules but those surviving tended to have higher seed set. It is argued that the observed effects of irrigation and flower density can be explained by resource competition between vegetative and reproductive growth as well as competition among reproductive structures themselves.     

珍贵树种柚木良种繁育发展概况

文章对国内外柚木良种繁育概况进行了综述,分析了柚木有性繁殖的特点、国内外柚木种子园和母树林的营建以及国内外柚木无性繁殖的发展。通过对比分析,指出了我国柚木良种繁育存在的主要问题,并提出现阶段我国柚木良种繁育的对策:以无性繁殖为主,有性繁殖为辅,应大力发展我国柚木无性系林业。     

寇阿相思树天然分布及繁育浅析

本文对寇阿相思树天然分布区气候、土壤、地形、种子处理、幼苗繁育和营养繁殖等进行综述,以期为寇阿相思树相关研究提供借鉴。     

福建省2006年造林用种质量现状与对策

探讨了造林用种质量范畴,总结了当前福建省造林用种出现的新特点,从质量检验、种源适应性、无性繁殖材料生产三方面分析了用种质量问题,并提出了相应对策。     

Characterization of seed storage proteins in Populus and their homology with Populus vegetative storage proteins

We investigated the synthesis and accumulation of vegetative storage proteins (VSPs) in poplar plantlets and the homology between poplar seed storage proteins (SSPs) and VSPs. One-dimensional SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed that both seed and vegetative storage proteins contained two predominant polypeptides of MW 32 and 36 kDa, but the subunit composition of the polypeptides differed. The 32- and 36-kDa polypeptides were highly abundant in basal leaves, stems, and roots of poplar plantlets. The 36-kDa subunit was synthesized in all plantlet tissues examined, but the 32-kDa subunit was not, suggesting that the 36-kDa polypeptide is a precursor of the 32-kDa polypeptide. The 36- and 32-kDa polypeptides of both SSPs and VSPs were glycosylated and both were found to be albumins. In addition, both polypeptides cross-reacted with a VSP antibody. Protein fingerprint patterns generated with two different proteolytic enzymes were identical for the 36-kDa polypeptide isolated from seeds or from stem tissue. Our study provides evidence that poplar SSPs and VSPs exhibit homology, and that expression is neither tissue-specific nor regulated solely by photoperiod.     

香格里拉亚高山不同退化程度森林群落土壤种子库的特征研究

2006～2007年采用种子萌发法,对香格里拉亚高山不同退化森林群落的土壤种子密度、丰富度,物种组成及地上植被组成开展了调查研究。结果表明:(1)亚高山土壤种子库中共有42个种子植物,种子密度为471～891粒/m2;(2)退化林地种子库中的物种密度依次为重度退化>极度退化>中度退化>轻度退化>未退化,物种丰富度依次为轻度退化>未退化>极度退化>中度退化>重度退化;(3)多年生草本植物在5类群落中均占绝对优势,只在未退化林地中发现木本植物;(4)土壤种子库及地上植被在物种组成上具有较小的Jaccard相似系数;(5)11月份物种数量及种子密度比4月份及7月份高;(6)0～5 cm表土种子库中具有较高的物种数量及种子密度;(7)种子扩散、地上植物的无性繁殖及人工造林是恢复香格里拉亚高山退化植被的有效途径。     

Regeneration strategies in a temperate hardwood floodplain forest of the Upper Rhine: sexual versus vegetative reproduction of woody species

The regeneration mechanisms of woody species in the hardwood floodplain forest of the Upper Rhine are not well known, although they are of primary importance for future forest development. To gain a better understanding of the balance between sexual and asexual regeneration strategies and to assess the role of the seed bank in regeneration, the similarities in species composition and abundance of four fundamental compartments involved in regeneration (the seed rain, the seed bank, the recruits and the canopy) were compared in three hardwood forest stands with different flooding conditions. The results show that the floristic composition of the recruits is very similar to that of the canopy, whereas the composition of the seed bank is very dissimilar to the latter and comprises very few hardwood species. However, some species such as Fraxinus excelsior, Carpinus betulus and Acer pseudoplatanus which are very rare in the seed bank release a high number of diaspores, and seedlings of these species germinate abundantly in the field in the year following seed release. Moreover, the germinating seeds originate from the litter layer and not from the soil itself. This shows that most woody species regenerating by seed in the hardwood Rhine forest build transient seed banks and that the role of persistent seed banks for regeneration is very limited. Furthermore, it appears that many woody species have developed strategies favouring vegetative propagation for their regeneration, particularly understorey species, such as Cornus sanguinea and Prunus padus. As vegetatively grown individuals better withstand prolonged inundation in their early life stages than seedlings, species relying on vegetative regeneration strategies might be advantaged by regular and prolonged flooding of the Rhine forest over species regenerating only by seeds.     

马尾松遗传改良的成就、问题和思考

经过３个连续５年的协作攻关研究，马尾松遗传改良和良种生产获得了重大进展。本文简要介绍在地理变异和种源选择、生产群体和育种群体建设、无性繁殖和无性系育林、工业用材树种定向选育、育种策略和一些基础性研究方面的主要成就，对种源研究和推广、有种区划分、优良基因资源保护和利用、建园技术和种子生产、造纸材定向选育、抗性育种、遗传参数估算、基因型与环境互作、早期选择、育种计划和方案制定等诸多领域中存在的问题进行     

林木无性繁殖及其在遗传改良中的地位

本文对无性繁殖在林木遗传改良中的地位主及其主要优缺点作了评述。尤其对针叶树在混合无性繁殖条件下遗传结构的改变及欺 后果作了讨论，并提出无性繁殖中的问题和应采取的对策。     

Relationship between age,size, fecundity and climatic factors in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Panax wangianus</Emphasis> an endangered medicinal plant in the sacred grove forest of North-East India

Panax wangianus (Syn. Panax pseudoginseng) S. C. Sun (Araliaceae) is a critically endangered, medicinal plant of North-East India. The objective of this study was to determine how plant size affects flowering phenology and to evaluate the effect of climatic factors on flowering, fruiting and seed production. Data on vegetative and repro- ductive characters were monitored from 2016 individuals of Panax wangianus population in Law Lyngdoh, Smit sacred grove in Nongkrem, Shillong, India. Leaflet area was measured by a planimeter. Size variables of both vegetative and reproductive traits in different age classes were measured. Climatic factors were recorded from 2007 to 2009. Age was recorded by counting the number of bud scale scars on the rhizome. Light intensity and relative humidity were measured using a photometer, LiCor Model LI-189 and thermohygrometer respectively. Different climatic variables are correlated with vegetative and reproductive phenological events. Statistical analysis revealed that a strong positive correlation was observed between the age versus vegetative and reproductive characters, except 1%-2% plants showed neoteny. Morphological variations were observed in natural conditions on the basis of the number of prong and carpellate conditions. Phenological status revealed that most of the individuals of the age class 35-50 years and above 50 years contributed the most to flowering, fruiting and seed production. Age class was significant to predict the size of the plant and its reproductive capacity. Climatic factors such as temperature, precipitation and relative humidity show synergistic effect on both the vegetative and reproductive phases in Panax wangianus in the undisturbed Nongkrem sacred grove. The color of flowers of P. wangianus also varied depending upon the sunlight intensity. Therefore, in the view of conservationand management, the age class of 35-50 years and above 50 years is the most important for population sustainability.