孕牛血中cAMP,cGMP水平变化的测定

选择３０头妊娠奶牛，根据妊娠不同分为妊娠前期（〈１００ｄ）、妊娠中期（１００￣２００ｄ）和妊娠后期（〉２００ｄ）３组，应用放射免疫法测定孕牛血浆和外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）的ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ的含量。结果表明：随着妊娠期延长，孕牛血清和单个核细胞的ｃＡＭＰ是逐渐减少，而ｃＧＭＰ则是逐渐升高，但与对照组相比差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）；血浆中ｃＡＭＰ：ｃＧＭＰ之比值均比对照组高且差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０     

MTT比色法检测孕牛淋巴细胞转化的效果

选择３０头妊娠奶牛，根据妊娠阶段不同分为妊娠前期（小于１００ｄ）、妊娠中期（１００—２００ｄ）和妊娠后期（大于２００ｄ）３组，应用ＭＴＴ比色法测定妊娠母牛的外周血淋巴细胞转化能力．结果是妊娠母牛淋巴刺激指数明显低于未妊娠牛（Ｐ＜０．０５），不同妊娠天数之间差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）．这就说明妊娠时母体的细胞免疫功能是下降的     

孕牛外周血T淋巴细胞及其亚群的变化

采用酸性α－醋酸萘酯酶（ＡＮＡＥ）染色法和碱性磷酸酶－抗碱性磷酸酶（ＡＰＡＡＰ）酶联免疫染色法测定未妊娠，妊娠前期（〈１００ｄ）妊娠中期（１００～２００ｄ）和妊娠周期（〉２００ｄ）的黑白花奶牛各１０头的外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞总数和Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群的变化，结果表明，未孕与不同妊娠阶段母牛Ｔ外周血淋巴细胞总数，ＣＤ３亚群和ＣＤ４：ＣＤ８比值差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５），而不同妊娠期之间则差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）     

孕牛血清中可溶性白细胞介素2受体水平的变化

应用酶标双搞体夹心法分别测定未孕牛、妊娠早期（＜１００ｄ）、妊娠中期（１００～２００ｄ）和妊娠后期（＞２００ｄ）的黑白花奶牛各１０头的血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体水平的变化，结果表明，不同妊娠阶段各组与未孕牛差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），这就说明了妊娠时母体外周血清中１Ｌ－２Ｒ阳性表达细胞无显著变化，从而抑制机体对胚胎或胎儿的排斥反应     

不同胎次奶山羊血浆及乳汁cAMP和cGMP含量变化

采用蛋白竞争结合分析法及放射免疫分析法分别西农莎能奶山羊２￣５胎泌乳期血浆及乳汁ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＡＭＰ含量进行测定。结果表明，不同胎次血浆ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ含量差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５），而乳汁中ｃＡＭＰ含量明显高于其血浆中含量（Ｐ〈０．０１），不同胎次乳汁ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ含量随胎次有相应的消长，但变化不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５），乳汁中ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ随产奶量增加而呈正相关。     

MTT比色法检测孕牛淋巴细胞转化的效果

选择３０头妊娠奶牛，根据妊娠阶段不同分为妊娠前期（小于１００ｄ）、妊娠中期（１００－２００ｄ）和妊娠后期（大于２００ｄ）３组，应用ＭＴＴ比色法测定妊娠母牛的外周血淋巴细胞转化能力。结果是妊娠母牛淋巴刺激指数明显低于未妊娠牛（Ｐ〈０．０５），不同妊娠天数之间差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）。这就说明妊娠时母体的细胞免疫功能是下降的。     

孕牛血清中可溶性白细胞介素2受体水平的变化

应用酶标双抗体夹心法分别测定未孕牛、妊娠早期（〈１００ｄ）、妊娠中期（１００￣２００ｄ）和妊娠后期（〉２００ｄ）的黑白花奶牛各１０头的血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体水平的变化。结果表明，不同妊娠阶段各组与未孕牛差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５），这就说明了妊娠时母体外周血清中ＩＬ－２Ｒ阳性表达细胞无显著变化，从而抑制机体对胚胎或胎儿的排斥反应。     

鲜枣贮藏及酒制过程中营养成份的变化

在室温条件下ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ含量均在贮后８ｄ左右出现１个波谷，而ｃＡＭＰ／ｃＧＭＰ值在整个贮藏过程中（２４ｄ）一直呈上升趋势；在１０℃和－２５℃条件下，贮后前１６ｄｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ含量均有所上升，之后ｃＡＭＰ含量趋于稳定，而ｃＧＭＰ含量逐渐下降，ｃＡＭＰ／ｃＧＭＰ值分别在贮后８ｄ和１６ｄ各出现１个小波谷，但整体上呈上升趋势。鲜枣酒制过程中Ｖｃ含量迅速下降，１５ｄ后仅剩下３．０～３．３％；总糖含量和糖酸比呈持续下降趋势，尤以前期下降较为迅速；还原糖和可滴定酸含量在酒制初期有较大幅度上升，后期因品种不同而异。     

“369”牛羊高效增乳剂对奶山羊泌乳性能的影响

将泌乳期奶山羊３０只均分为试验组和对照组，试验组添加“３６９”牛羊高效增乳剂。结果表明，该增乳剂具有显著增乳效果，试验组日均产奶量高于对照组２１．６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。两组间乳脂、乳糖和乳蛋白含量均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）．试验组ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ明显升高，增长率分别达４０．７％和４７．１％，与对照组相比差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），且与产奶量正相关（ｒ＿（ｃＡ）＝０．９２１，ｒ＿（ｃＧ）＝０．９０３）．甲氧氯普胺在乳中残留量很低，平均１．６１μｇ·ｍＬ￣（－１）试验组隐性乳房炎阳性率显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

马鹿再生茸血浆T3,T4及生物信使与成品茸重相关研究

对不同年龄东北马鹿和塔里木马鹿血浆Ｔ３（ｔｒｉｏｄｏｔｈｙｒｏｘｉｎｅ）、Ｔ４（ｔｈｙｒｏｘｉｎ）、ｃＡｍｐ、ｃＧｍｐ与其成品茸重进行了相关研究。结果表明，东北马鹿再生茸血浆Ｔ３与成品茸重呈显著正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ｃＡｍｐ与成品茸重亦呈显著正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）；塔里木马鹿中仅ｃＡｍｐ与其成品茸重呈显著正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

母牛发情周期和妊娠早期宫颈-阴道粘液电导率变化规律的研究

 本文应用自行设计安装的MFR-1型母牛发情鉴定及早期妊娠诊断仪，将特制探测电极插入母牛阴道穹窿部，测定了94头母牛宫颈-阴道粘液的电导率（CVMEC）。结果表明，母牛在发情周期和妊娠早期CVMEC呈规律性变化。发情周期正常的母牛，CVMEC在间情期处于较低水平（5.64mS/cm），前情期开始上升（8.93mS/cm），发情期达峰值（13.40mS/cm），后情期开始下降（9.84mS/cm），最后降至间情期水平。输精后，未妊与妊娠母牛CVMEC的变化规律不同。在发情周期的各时期，未妊母牛高于妊娠母牛；未妊母牛在输精后21天左右返情，CVMEC再度出现峰值；妊娠早期母牛则保持与间情期相近的较低水平（5.08mS/cm）。笔者认为，母牛CVMEC的规律性变化的生理学基础是体内激素水平和宫颈-阴道粘液的周期性变化，据此进行发情鉴定和早期妊娠诊断是可行的。与目前使用的方法相比，CVMEC法更具有实用价值。     

植物甾醇对泌乳前期奶牛泌乳性能与繁殖性能的影响

[目的]研究添加不同剂量植物甾醇对泌乳前期荷斯坦奶牛生产性能及繁殖性能的影响。[方法]选用泌乳期相近的健康荷斯坦奶牛16头,随机分成4组,Ⅰ组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加200、400和800 mg/d植物甾醇,研究不同添加量的植物甾醇对奶牛生产性能及繁殖性能指标的影响。[结果]Ⅱ组奶牛生产指标的变化最为明显。与空白对照组相比,Ⅱ组乳密度显著提高(P0.05),奶牛乳酸度、首次参配时间和空怀时间显著下降(P0.05)。与空白对照组相比,Ⅳ组牛乳乳脂、总干物质及酸度显著提高(P0.05),牛乳中非脂固形物含量及奶牛体温显著下降(P0.05)。[结论]添加植物甾醇可提高奶牛的泌乳量,并促进奶牛发情,缩短首次参配时间和空怀时间,改善奶牛体质,其中200 mg/d植物甾醇为最适添加量。     

The relationship between progesterone and Th-related cytokines in plasma during early pregnancy in cows

In cows, progesterone (P4) is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy and successful embryo development is dependent on the maternal immunomodulation of Th-related cytokines. However, in vivo investigation of the relationship between P4 and Th immunity in cattle remains incomplete. Therefore, we evaluated plasma P4 concentrations and expressions of three Th-related cytokines, interleukins IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-6, in 15 pregnant and 11 non-pregnant cows 0, 14, 18, 21, and 28 d post artificial insemination. Pregnant cows had significantly higher plasma P4 levels and pregnant cows with higher P4 on 14 d tended to have higher P4 in the subsequent period of pregnancy. There was no difference in IL-4 and IL-6 expression between pregnant cows and non-pregnant cows, whereas plasma IL-1β was temporally upregulated on 21 d. The cytokines measured were not affected in either the high-P4 group (>11.1 ng·mL⁻¹) or the low-P4 group (<11.1 ng·mL⁻¹) in pregnant cows. A weak negative correlation between IL-1β and IL-6 was observed, but none of the cytokines was associated with a change in plasma P4. In conclusion, there was no clear relationship between P4 and Th immunity in maternal plasma in the pregnant cows, which differs from what occurs in humans and mice during early pregnancy.     

Dynamic Changes of Endothelium Derived Factors and Cyclic Nucleotides in Ascites Broilers and Control of L-arginine

A flock of AA breed chickens were reared in peterstme brood-vait chamber using high energypelleted feed, at 14 days of age, 400 birds were separated into 3 groups randomly as follows: 100 birds wereexposed to normal ambient temperature (20℃) as control group, 150 birds were exposed to low ambient tem-perature (11℃) in order to induce ascites as treatment Ⅰ group, another 100 birds were also exposed to lowambient temperature (11℃) and fed the diets containing 1% L-arginine for ascitic prophylactic treatment astreatment Ⅱ group. The blood samples were collected on 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 wk, respectively, to measure the con-tents of plasma endothelin (ET-1), angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ ) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) andcyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The results indicated that the contents of cAMP, cGMP, Ang Ⅱand the ratio of cAMP/cGMP in treatment Ⅰ and ascitic broilers were higher than that of correspondent con-trol group(P＜0.01, P＜0.05), ET-1 of preascitic broilers were higher than that of control group(P＜0.05),while there were insignificant differences with later ascitic broilers, the contents of cAMP and cGMP in treat-ment Ⅱ were higher than treatment Ⅰ and control group(P＜0.01, P＜0.05), whereas, the ratio of cAMP/cGMP and the contents of Ang Ⅱ were gradually decreased than that of control group(P＜0.05), the contentsof ET-1 were not changed. By further analysis, the increased plasma Ang Ⅱ at low ambient temperature condi-tion in broilers made endothelium cell secretion of increased ET-1, cAMP, cGMP and decreased NO. So lowtemperature accelarated ascites syndrome in broilers. Supplemented L-arginine can decrease ET-1, cAMP andcAMP/cGMP. It is concluded that cAMP mediated pulmonary hypertension syndrome in broilers.     

奶牛子宫内膜炎防治前后血液流变学参数的变化

检测了患子宫内膜炎奶牛用中药方剂防治前后的血液流变学指标。结果表明：（１）患子宫内膜炎奶牛的全血粘度、全血还原粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞聚积指数和红细胞刚性系数极显著高于临床健康牛,经治疗方剂治疗后上述指标极显著地下降;（２）临床健康奶牛试验组在产后第５和第７天使用预防方剂后,全血粘度和全血还粘度、血浆粘度和红细胞聚积指数样对照组显著下降;（３）各组奶牛的红细胞压积无显著差异。     

亚临床酮病对围产期奶牛免疫功能的影响

从43头荷斯坦奶牛(体细胞数＜200 000个·mL-1)中筛选出处于分娩第14天的自然发生亚临床酮病的9头奶牛作为试验组(1.0 mmol·L-1≤血清β-羟丁酸＜2.6 mmol·L-1),根据泌乳天数、年龄、胎次、产奶量配对的9头健康奶牛作为对照组(血液β-羟丁酸＜1.0 mmol·L1),检测不同种类白细胞数量...     

应用双抗EIA检测奶牛发情周期中奶孕酮含量

本试验应用双抗EIA测定了14头奶牛发情周期中奶孕酮浓度变化。结果表明：配种后1—5天奶中孕酮含量较低，小干3ng／mL，配种后6-10天，奶中孕酮含量逐渐上升（＞3-＜8ng／mL），配种后11天，奶孕酮含量迅速上升，并维持到配种后19天，奶孕酮含量超过8ng／mL，配种后20天，未孕牛奶孕酮开始下降，并在21天陡降到低水平（＜1ng／mL），配种后21—24天，孕牛奶孕酮含量显著高于非孕牛（P＜0．01）。本试验表明：双抗EIA灵敏度高，准确性和重复性好，具有实用价值。可用于奶牛早孕诊断。     

大豆异黄酮对奶牛产奶量及乳成分的影响

为研究大豆异黄酮对奶牛产奶量和乳成分的影响,选用32头产奶水平相近的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成A、B两组。试验分为两个阶段,第一阶段A组在基础日粮中添加Da400mg·kg^-1,B组饲喂基础日粮,持续15d。第一阶段试验结束后,两组均饲喂基础日粮,持续20d。第二阶段A组奶牛饲喂基础日粮（A’组）,B组奶牛在基础日粮中添加Da200mg·kg^-1（B＇组）,持续15d。结果显示,A组奶牛产奶量略高于B组,表明饲喂大豆异黄酮在一定程度上能提高产奶量;但A’组奶牛产奶量极显著低于B组（P〈0．01）,可能由于添加Da剂量过大导致内源性激素水平下降所引起的。同时与A’组相比,B’组乳蛋白略有提高,脂肪含量极显著升高（P〈0.01）。