Foliar sprays of concentrated urea at maturity of pigeonpea to induce defoliation and increase its residual benefit to wheat

The pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) crop retains appreciable amounts of green foliage even after reaching physiological maturity, which if allowed to defoliate, could augment the residual benefit of pigeonpea to the following wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a pigeonpea–wheat rotation. The effect of addition of leaves present on mature pigeonpea crop to the soil was examined on the following wheat during the 1999/2000 growing season at Patancheru (17°4′N, 78°2′E) and during the 2001–2003 growing seasons at Modipuram (29°4′N, 77°8′E). At Patancheru, an extra-short-duration pigeonpea cultivar ICPL 88039 was defoliated manually and using foliar sprays of 10% urea (30 kg/ha) and compared with a millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) crop, naturally senesced leaf residue and no-leaf residue controls. At Modipuram, the effect of 10% urea spray treatment on mature ICPL 88039 was compared with the unsprayed control. At both locations, the rainy season crops were followed by a wheat cultivar UP 2338 at four nitrogen levels applied in a split plot design, which at Patancheru were 0, 30, 90 and 120 kg N ha⁻¹ and at Modipuram 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha⁻¹. At Patancheru, urea spray added 0.5 t ha⁻¹ of extra leaf litter to the soil within a week without significantly affecting pigeonpea yield. This treatment, however, increased mean wheat yield by 29% from 2.4 t ha⁻¹ in the no-leaf residue pigeonpea or pearl millet plots to 3.1 t ha⁻¹. At Modipuram, the foliar sprays of urea added more leaf litter to the soil than at Patancheru. Here, increase in subsequent wheat yield due to additional pigeonpea leaf litter was 7–8% and net profit 21% more than in the unsprayed control. The addition of pigeonpea leaf litter to the soil resulted in a saving of 40–60 kg N for the following wheat crops in both the environments. The results demonstrated that pigeonpea leaf litter could play an important role in the fertilizer N economy in wheat. The urea spray at maturity of the standing pigeonpea crop significantly improved this contribution in increasing wheat yield, the effect of which was additional to the amount of urea used for inducing defoliation. The practice, if adopted by farmers, may enhance sustainability of wheat production system in an environmentally friendly way, as it could reduce the amount of fertilizer N application to soil and enhance wheat yield.     

Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with root growth in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) exposed to soil water-deficit in fields with contrasting soil properties

A mapping population of 114 lines from Bala × Azucena was grown under drought stress at two field sites with contrasting soil physical properties. Drought was imposed between 35 and 65 days after sowing (DAS) and root density at 35 cm depth was measured 70 DAS. Leaf rolling, leaf drying and relative water content were recorded as indicators of drought avoidance. Root density correlated with indicators of drought avoidance. Two significant and two putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for root density and 28 QTLs for drought avoidance were identified. Most QTLs did not agree between sites. There was also reasonable agreement between leaf-drying QTLs and previously reported root-growth QTLs detected under controlled conditions (in contrast to a previous screen on soil with a higher penetration resistance). These data also reveal QTL × environment interaction, which will need to be understood more clearly if progress towards breeding for drought resistance via alterations of root morphology is to be achieved.     

QTL analysis of kernel size and shape in two hexaploid wheat mapping populations

Kernel size and shape in wheat are important because of their relationship with yield and milling quality. This paper reports QTL analyses of kernel morphology in two hexaploid wheat mapping populations, grown in NY and CA. Kernel morphology was evaluated through a new and improved method, combining measurements from two orthogonal pictures. Single marker regression showed that several genomic positions, scattered through the genome, were related to kernel size and shape, in both populations. The direction of allele effects was consistent between environments, although the LOD scores varied considerably. Composite interval mapping revealed QTLs on all seven homoeologous groups, considering both populations. For the QTLs detected through this method, the signal and magnitude of additive effects were similar between environments, indicating small QTL × environment interaction. In the population W7984 × Opata 85, the strongest signal was detected on the chromosome 5B, for kernel length. In the population AC Reed × Grandin, the most important QTLs were detected on chromosome 2D, affecting the lateral dimensions of the kernel. This study agreed with previous reports that the genetic control of kernel length and width are largely independent. Additionally, it was shown that QTLs detected on different mapping populations, with identical evaluation methods, can be very distinct.     

大麦黄花叶病抗性的遗传分析与QTL定位

大麦黄花叶病是依靠土壤中禾谷多黏菌传播的病毒病,严重影响冬大麦的产量和品质,培育和利用抗病品种是最经济有效的防治方法。本研究以抗病品种扬饲麦1号与感病品种Gairdner为亲本,以杂交F₁代经花药离体培养技术构建的DH群体为材料,对其大麦黄花叶病抗性进行两年鉴定与分析,并利用91对在亲本间多态性好的SSR(simple sequence repeat)标记构建了群体的遗传连锁图谱,采用Windows QTL IciMapping 4.0软件中的完备区间-加性模型（ICIM-ADD）对大麦黄花叶病进行QTL定位,共检测到9个与大麦黄花叶病病情指数相关的QTLs, 其中,qRYM-1Ha、 qRYM-1Hc、qRYM-2Ha 及qRYM-2Hb在两年间均被检测到,且 qRYM-2Ha在两年6个时期均被检测到,位于EBmag0793至GBM1047标记区间内,可解释的表型变异为5.61%～38.04%; qRYM-2Hb在 2015年第二、三期和2016年第一期被检测到,位于GBM1047至Bmag0749标记区间内,可解释的表型变异为11.40%～18.80%。qRYM-1Ha和 qRYM-4Ha可能是两个新的大麦黄花叶病抗性QTLs,黄花叶病抗性基因均来源于黄花叶病抗性品种扬饲麦1号。本研究为大麦黄花叶病抗性基因的发掘、精细定位、基因克隆及分子标记辅助选择育种提供了有利信息。     

利用近等基因系研究3个抗水稻纹枯病QTL的聚合效应

利用特青/Lemont组合的回交群体,证实了特青第7染色体上存在抗纹枯病QTL qSB7Tq。以Lemont为轮回亲本,通过分子标记辅助连续回交结合性状鉴定,构建了qSB7Tq与另外两个抗水稻纹枯病QTL qSB9Tq（位于特青第9染色体）和qSB11Le（位于Lemont第11染色体）的一套近等基因系,对各抗性QTL的单个效应及其聚合效应进行了研究。3个抗性QTL单独存在或在聚合状态下均能显著提高水稻品种对纹枯病的抗性水平。但是,不同抗性QTL之间可能普遍存在一定的负向互作关系。讨论了一致的遗传背景对QTL研究的重要性,以及不同QTL的聚合效应及互作关系对育种实践的意义。     

Identification of quantitative trait loci for protein content, oil content and oil quality for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Very few efforts have been made to improve the nutritional quality of groundnut, as biochemical estimation of quality traits is laborious and uneconomic; hence, it is difficult to improve them through traditional breeding alone. Identification of molecular markers for quality traits will have a great impact in molecular breeding. An attempt was made to identify microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for important nutritional traits (protein content, oil content and oil quality in terms of oleic acid, linoleic acid and oleic/linoleic acid ratio) in a mapping population consisting of 146 recombinant inbreed lines (RILs) of a cross TG26 × GPBD4. Phenotyping data analysis for quality traits showed significant variation in the population and environment, genotype × environment interaction and high heritability was observed for all the traits. Negative correlation between protein content and oil content, oleic acid and linoleic acid indicated their antagonistic nature. After screening >1000 SSR markers, a partial genetic linkage map comprising of 45 SSR loci on 8 linkage groups with an average inter-marker distance of 14.62 cM was developed. QTL analysis based on single marker analysis (SMA) and composite interval mapping identified some candidate SSR markers associated with major QTLs as well as several minor QTLs for the nutritional traits. Validation of these major QTLs using a wider genetic background may provide the markers for molecular breeding for improving groundnut for nutritional traits.     

The water-holding capacity of three starchy legumes in the raw,cooked and fibre-rich fraction forms

True protein digestibility (TD), biological value (BV), and net protein utilization (NPU) of low-polyphenol pigeonpea cultivars (Nylon, BDN 2, and ICPL 87067) were significantly higher than those of the high polyphenol cultivars (C 11, ICPL 87, and ICPL 151) when whole-seed samples were compared. Most of the polyphenols (80–90%) were concentrated in the seed-coat. Dhal (decorticated split cotyledons) samples of low (Nylon) and high (C 11) polyphenol cultivars revealed no large differences in TD, BV, and NPU values of these cultivars. This indicated an adverse affect of seed-coat polyphenols on protein quality of pigeonpea whole-seed. The cooking process significantly increased TD in both whole seed and dhal samples. BV of both whole-seed and dhal samples was reduced remarkably by cooking. However, NPU of the cooked whole-seed and dhal samples was significantly higher than in the raw samples. No noticeable differences due to cooking were observed in amino acid composition of whole-seed and dhal samples of these cultivars.     

大麦品种扬农啤5号的黄花叶病抗性QTL定位

为分析大麦黄花叶病抗性基因的位置和效应,以高抗大麦品种扬农啤5号和感病大麦品种日引3号构建的253个RIL群体及亲本为材料,利用在双亲间具有多态性的108对SSR分子标记构建遗传群体连锁图谱,结合大麦黄花叶病抗性表型数据,采用QTL IciMapping 4.0软件进行大麦黄花叶病抗性QTL分析。结果表明,在大麦染色体1H、2H、5H和7H共检测到6个与大麦黄花叶病抗性相关的QTL,这6个QTL对大麦黄花叶病抗性的贡献率为4.39%～14.92%。其中,位于2H染色体的QTL qRYM-2Hb在3年9个时期均能检测到,介于标记区间GBM1309～EBmac0415,可解释5.70%～14.92%的表型变异,与已定位的 Rym16~(Hb)的位置相近,可能是 Rym16~(Hb)的等位基因;位于2H染色体的QTL qRYM-2Ha在2年3个时期均能检测到,介于标记区间EBmac0640～Bmag0744,可解释5.00%～10.88%的表型变异,可能是1个新的抗性位点;其他4个抗性QTL均仅在1年1个时期检测到,是否真实存在尚需进一步验证。同时,所有QTL的加性效应均为负值,表明定位的6个大麦黄花叶病抗性基因均来自母本扬农啤5号。     

玉米对几种主要害虫的抗性QTL分析

综述了玉米对4种主要害虫抗性基因定位的最新研究结果。受环境、样本及分析方法等因素的影响,不同的试验检测到的QTL结果不尽相同。通过引进染色体箱的概念,对各检测结果进行比较分析发现,玉米对同一种害虫的食叶抗性和茎秆抗性之间没有相关性,但对不同种害虫的食叶抗性和茎秆抗性却有相关性。这些抗性QTL不是随机分布的,而是以基因簇的形式存在于染色体上。玉米的抗虫性与植株组织硬度、蛋白含量、丁布和细胞壁成分相关,从分子水平上揭示了玉米的抗虫机制,为进一步的遗传分析研究和抗虫育种提供理论依据。     

Evaluating sustainable and profitable cropping sequences with cassava and four legume crops: Effects on soil fertility and maize yields in the forest/savannah transitional agro-ecological zone of Ghana

Rotations are important practices for managing soil fertility on smallholder farms. Six cropping sequences (cassava, pigeonpea, mucuna–maize–mucuna, cowpea–maize–cowpea, maize–maize–maize, and speargrass fallow) were evaluated during 2003–2004 in Wenchi district of Ghana for their effects on the profitability of the different rotations and the productivity of subsequent maize. Soil chemical properties were not significantly affected by cropping sequence. On the researcher-managed and farmer-managed plots maize grain yields were significantly influenced by cropping sequence. On the researcher-managed plots maize grain yield ranged from 1.0 t ha⁻¹ after speargrass fallow to 3.0 t ha⁻¹ with cassava cropping when N fertiliser was not applied to maize and from 2.1 t ha⁻¹ with continuous maize to 4.2 t ha⁻¹ with mucuna–maize–mucuna when 60 kg N ha⁻¹ was applied to maize. On the farmer-managed plots where N fertiliser was not applied to maize, maize grain yields ranged from 0.4 t ha⁻¹ on speargrass fallow to 2.2 t ha⁻¹ on plots previously cropped to pigeonpea. High maize grain yields associated with the cropping sequences involving cassava, mucuna and pigeonpea were related to the faster decomposition and N release of the biomass compared with the slower release of N by the poorer quality materials like maize stover and speargrass. Return on investment of the different rotational sequences ranged from −22% with speargrass/maize to 235% with cassava/maize when no N application was made to maize, and from 29% with continuous maize to 196% with cassava/maize when N fertiliser was applied to maize. Cassava/maize rotation was ranked by native farmers as the most preferred rotation whereas migrant farmers ranked cowpea–maize–cowpea–maize as the most preferred rotation. Among natives, male farmers ranked rotation involving cowpea as the next most preferred rotation after cassava/maize. In contrast, female farmers ranked pigeonpea/maize rotation as the second most preferred rotation, due to low labour and external input requirements of pigeonpea compared with cowpea. The choice of a particular rotational sequence is related to access to resources and the needs of the farmer. The study therefore suggests that, in a heterogeneous farming community like Wenchi, technology development should be targeted to suit the needs and resources available to each particular group of farmers.     

多环境条件下大豆蛋白质含量稳定性QTL分析

为定位大豆蛋白质含量稳定性QTL,从而为培育高蛋白大豆品种提供依据,本研究利用源自美国大豆Charleston和中国品种东农594杂交获得的147个株系组成的重组自交系群体,利用三种生态环境下三年数据估算的Shukla稳定性方差对大豆蛋白含量进行了遗传和QTL分析。结果表明,利用复合区间作图法（CIM）检测大豆蛋白稳定性QTL得到2个QTL,分别为qPRO1-1和qPRO17-1,位于连锁群A1和L上,贡献率分别为4.70%和5.73%,共解释10.43%的表型变异。利用混合区间作图法MIM检测到2对上位性QTL,互作染色体为A1×G和A1×A2,上位效应分别为0.19**和-0.22,贡献率为12.82%和17.42%,共解释30.24%表型变异。本实验分析多个环境下的数据,考虑到了QTL 与环境的互作效应,在三种环境条件下分析QTL,检测到了在不同环境下可以稳定出现的QTL位点。控制大豆蛋白含量的QTL位点,都表现出明显的上位性效应和GE互作效应。其中稳定性较好的QTL和公共图谱上定位的调控大豆蛋白质含量的QTL prot 1-7、cq oil003、oil8-1, prot 17-5、prot 2-1、prot 12-1等在区间上一致。     

基于元分析的抗玉米灰斑病QTL比较定位

以玉米遗传连锁图谱IBM2 2008 Neighbors为参考图谱,整合65个抗玉米灰斑病QTL,构建QTL综合图谱。采用元分析方法优化65个QTL,获得11个"一致性"QTL区间,分别位于染色体bin区的1.05、1.06、2.03、2.07、3.02、4.05、5.03、5.05、7.02、8.07、9.03位置,其在遗传连锁图谱上对应的位置分别为442.21、528.27、228.10、478.00、74.65、311.59、169.62、302.35、252.19、422.70、257.93 cM。对两个具有较多报道和较高表型贡献的"一致性"QTL区间bin1.05和bin1.06,从MaizeGDB网站搜索得到324个基因。因抗病基因在结构上具有高度保守性,将324个基因分别与水稻和拟南芥基因组进行同源比对,在bin1.05和bin1.06内分别确定了7个和3个基因作为玉米抗灰斑病候选基因。     

Analysis of QTL for resistance to head smut (Sporisorium reiliana) in maize

Head smut of maize, caused by the fungus Sporisorium reiliana, is an important disease in the temperate maize-growing areas worldwide. In this study, we mapped and characterized quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring resistance to S. reiliana using a F_2:3 population of 184 families derived from a cross between Mo17 (resistant parent) and Huangzao4 (susceptible). The population was evaluated for resistance in replicated field trials with artificial inoculation of S. reiliana chlamydospores in Gongzhuling of Jilin Province and Harbin of Heilongjiang Province of China, two hot spots of head smut incidence, in 2003 and 2004. Genotypic and G × E variances for disease incidence were highly significant in the population. Heritability estimates for percentage disease incidence in the 2-location and 2-year evaluation ranged from 0.62 to 0.70. Composite interval mapping on a linkage map (1956.1 cM distance; 9.34 cM average interval) constructed with 84 SSR and 135 AFLP markers, identified five QTL, one each on chromosomes 1, 3 and 8 and two on chromosome 2, accounting for 5.0–43.7% of the phenotypic variance across four environments. One major QTL on chromosome 2 explaining up to 43.7% of the phenotypic variance can potentially be used in molecular marker-assisted selection for head smut resistance in maize.     

水稻耐金属离子胁迫的QTL分析

【目的】 本研究旨在筛选与水稻苗期耐不同金属离子连锁的分子遗传标记,为探讨水稻耐不同金属离子胁迫的遗传研究提供参考。【方法】 以典型籼粳交(春江06/台中本地1号)双单倍体(DH)群体为材料,系统考查该群体及其双亲耐4种金属离子(Fe²⁺、Cd²⁺、Al³⁺、Na⁺)胁迫的情况,利用业已构建并完善的该群体加密的分子连锁图谱,对耐这4种金属离子胁迫的QTL进行检测分析。另外,利用实时定量PCR技术检测处理前后相关基因的表达变化情况。【结果】 发现耐各种金属离子胁迫的QTL共8个,分别位于水稻第1、2、4、6、9、10和11染色体上,其中Fe²⁺处理后检测到的QTL贡献率最大,达到24.47%(阈值为7.78),位于第1染色体上RM1297–RM1061,同时对该区间与耐胁迫相关基因的表达分析发现这些基因在处理前和处理后表达水平存在不同程度的差异;Cd²⁺处理后检测到1个QTL,位于第1染色体上;Al³⁺处理后检测到QTL共5个,分别位于第2、4、6、10、11染色体上;Na⁺处理后检测到QTL有1个,位于第9染色体上。【结论】 根据不同金属离子胁迫处理后DH群体的表型差异进行QTL分析,发现耐各种金属离子胁迫的QTL共8个,并初步定位于各染色体的遗传标记区间,这为精细定位并克隆相应QTL,进而探明水稻耐金属离子胁迫QTL的分子调控机制奠定了基础。     

Field evaluation of upland rice lines selected for QTLs controlling root traits

A marker-assisted back-cross (MABC) programme was used to introgress four root quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from the tropical japonica rice variety Azucena into the Indian upland rice variety, Kalinga III. Previously we tested the products for root traits and reported that the introgressed QTL9 (on chromosome 9) significantly increased root length in the new genetic background. Here we describe field testing for agronomic traits in near-isogenic lines (NILs) that differ for introgressed QTLs. Four NILs were selected and characterised in replicated field experiments in eastern and western India over 3 years. They were tested by upland farmers in a target population of environments (TPE) in three states of eastern India, over 2 years. NILs out-performed Kalinga III for grain and straw yield and there was interaction between the genotypes and the environment (G × E). No effect was found for the root QTL9 on grain or straw yield, however, the presence of several introgressions significantly improved both traits. Some of this effect was due to introgression of Azucena alleles at non-target regions. Overall, the Azucena introgressions increased straw yield more than grain yield. While it has yet to be demonstrated whether this effect is due to improved root systems, this finding fits with the assumption that introgressed genes are involved in partitioning of biomass to the roots and stems, rather than to the grain. The NILs could replace Kalinga III for cultivation in medium upland environments in eastern India.     

小麦“N553×扬麦13”RIL群体小穗密度、株高及赤霉病抗性QTL分析

为了发掘新的抗赤霉病基因,以抗赤霉病新种质N553与扬麦13构建的包含184个家系的重组自交系(RILs)为材料,利用217对在双亲间具有多态性的分子标记构建遗传连锁图谱,利用该图谱对小穗密度、株高及赤霉病抗性进行QTL检测,并分析了小穗密度及株高与赤霉病抗性的相关性。结果表明,本研究共检测到5个赤霉病抗性相关QTL,其中1个效应较大的QTL位于2D染色体上,位于标记wmc18-cfd233之间,可解释8.17%~11.42%的表型变异;在3B染色体短臂上检测到1个QTL,位于标记barc102-gwm533之间,可解释5.33%~42.96%的表型变异。QFhb.jaas-2DS与QFhb.jaas-3BS聚合可显著增强小麦赤霉病抗性。另外3个QTL贡献率小于10%,分别位于染色体2B、3B、4A上。检测到与小穗密度相关的QTL有1个,位于3B染色体上,可解释5.36%~6.08%的表型变异。检测到与株高相关的QTL有5个,分别位于染色体4A、7A、5B、6B上,可解释5.2%~8.93%的表型变异。小穗密度与赤霉病抗性呈正相关,株高与抗扩展抗性无相关性,与抗侵染抗性呈负相关。结合以上QTL检测及相关性分析结果可知,QFhb.jaas-3BL可能不是赤霉病抗性位点。因此,包括QFhb.jaas-3BL在内的贡献率小于10%且仅在单一环境下检测到的3个赤霉病抗性相关QTL需进一步进行多年多点试验。     

Adaptation and yield of pigeonpea in different environments in Tanzania

Pigeonpea is grown in wide range of cropping systems and environments, both in East Africa and internationally. An important feature of adaptation to these diverse systems and environments is the timing of flowering and maturity. Most traditional cultivars grown in Tanzania are medium to late flowering types (>150 days), although extra-early flowering cultivars are now available. The aim of the present investigation was to measure biomass (BY) and seed (SY) yield of a set of phenologically diverse cultivars to determine their adaptation to contrasting environments in Tanzania. Ten cultivars, from extra-early (60 days) to late (>180 days) flowering, were planted at six locations varying in mean temperature, photoperiod and rainfall. Days to flowering (DTF) and maturity, and above-ground BY and SY at maturity, were measured. A stress index (ETr:ETm ratio, 100 = no stress) was computed for each site. Rainfall and the stress index at the different sites varied from 322 to 1297 mm and 57 to 89, respectively. Among cultivars, DTF varied from 55 to 320 days, the stress index from 3 to 98, BY from 700 to 25,000 kg ha⁻¹, and SY from 0 to 4000 kg ha⁻¹. The highest yielding environment was at Selian, where mean temperatures were favourable (19 °C) and no stress occurred. At all sites there was an optimum DTF, which for SY varied from <100 to 150 days. The best adapted cultivars were ICP 7035, ICPL 90094, Kat 50 and QP37, which were all medium flowering (c. 150 day) types. Extra-early cultivars such as ICPL 86005 also showed considerable potential, especially in short-season environments.     

超级杂交稻协优9308重组自交系群体的穗部性状QTL分析

 将281个株系组成的超级杂交稻协优9308重组自交系群体种植在海南陵水（2006年和2007年）和浙江富阳（2006年）,采用Windows QTL Cartographer 2.5的复合区间作图法进行QTL检测。共检测到控制7个穗部性状的52个QTL,其中包括7个控制穗长的QTL,8个控制一次枝梗数的QTL,9个控制二次枝梗数的QTL,6个控制着粒密度的QTL, 7个控制每穗总粒数的QTL,11个控制每穗实粒数的QTL,4个控制结实率的QTL。单个QTL对群体性状表型变异的贡献率为23%~312%。控制穗部性状的QTL基本上以加性效应为主,上位性效应和环境互作效应不大。在3组试验中都检测到控制3个穗部性状的8个QTL：qPL-1,qPL-6-1;qTNSP-1,qTNSP-2,qTNSP-3;qNFGP-1,qNFGP-3-2,qNFGP-6-2。这些QTL,尤其是第3染色体RM168-RM143区间控制每穗总粒数的qTNSP-3和控制每穗实粒数的qNFGP-3-2,其加性效应值和贡献率均较大,可以考虑下一步进行QTL精细定位和克隆。研究发现多个重要QTL聚集区间,在同一QTL聚集区间,控制相关性状的QTL效应方向基本上相同,利用这些QTL紧密连锁的分子标记进行辅助选择,可望同时针对多个性状进行遗传改良。     

Genetic control of pre-heading phases and other traits related to development in a double-haploid barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) population

Extending the phase of stem elongation (SE) has been proposed as a tool to further improve yield potential in small-grain cereals. The genetic control of pre-heading phases may also contribute to a better understanding of phenological traits conferring adaptability. Given that an optimized total time to heading is one of the most important traits in a breeding program, a prerequisite for lengthening SE would be that this and the previous phase (leaf and spikelet initiation, LS) should be under different genetic control. We studied the genetic control of these two pre-heading sub-phases (from sowing to the onset of stem elongation, LS, and from then to heading, SE) in terms of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) in a barley double-haploid population derived from the cross Henni × Meltan, both two-rowed spring North European barley cultivars. DH lines (118) and their parents were studied in four field trials in North-Eastern Spain. Genetic control of a number of traits related to leaf appearance and tillering dynamics, which could be important for an early crop canopy structure, were also studied. LS and SE are, at least partially, under a different genetic control in the Henni × Meltan population, mainly due to a QTL on chromosome 2HS. The QTLs responsible for a different control of LS and SE did not seem to correspond with any major gene reported in the literature. Moreover shortening LS, so as to lengthen SE without modifying heading date, would not necessarily imply a negative drawback on traits that could be important for early vigour, such as phyllochron and the onset of tillering.     

木豆遗传多样性及抗逆机制研究进展

木豆是世界第六大食用豆类,用途非常广泛。木豆遗传多样性非常丰富,植物种质资源特性与其抗逆性密切相关。本综述重点介绍国内外木豆种质资源遗传多样性、抗逆生理生化指标及机制研究进展,同时对木豆产业化研究提出展望,为后期开展木豆抗逆研究及抗逆育种提供参考依据。