Fleas and related disease

This article considers the clinical signs of flea allergy dermatitis, and the diagnosis and general principles of flea control for the pet and its environment.     

Fracture disease and related contractures

Fracture disease and the complications of immobilization are described. The pathogenesis of the disease is discussed. The clinical implications of immobilization are outlined, and physical therapy modalities are reviewed. Also included is a summary of quadriceps contracture management.     

痒螨抗原研究进展

痒螨病是多种家养及野生动物体表常见的外寄生虫病,对养殖业造成重大经济损失。该病传统的治疗方法有很大的缺陷,因此,有必要采取安全的免疫学方法来控制痒螨病。为了进一步研究痒螨抗原的功能及其特征,论文主要综述了国内外关于痒螨抗原基因的获取、生物信息特性、体外表达及其重组蛋白的免疫功能,为痒螨病的早期诊断和疫苗开发研究提供参考。     

东北地区蜂螨防治

从2010年开始,东北定地蜂场受蜂螨危害的蜂群突然增多,8~9月份蜂场出现大量工蜂在地面爬行,群势急剧下降,蜂群繁殖不起来,无法进行正常越冬。用常规方法防治,没能控制住蜂螨危害。经过认真检查,发现危害蜂群的是小蜂螨。小蜂螨繁殖速度快,在封盖巢房生活时间长,用防治大蜂螨的方法不能完全控制。这几年,我们摸索出几种方法,现介绍给大家。     

侵染西方蜜蜂的瓦螨种类鉴定

狄斯瓦螨(Varroa destructor)是一种寄生于蜜蜂成蜂及幼虫体上的外寄生螨,以寄主血淋巴为食,是危害世界养蜂业最为严重的虫害。论文对25份来自阿根廷的西方蜜蜂群的瓦螨样品进行了mtDNA CO1基因序列分析和限制性内切酶酶切分析,结果表明所有样品均为狄斯瓦螨朝鲜基因型。     

蜂螨防控技术研究进展

对蜂抗螨机制、抗螨蜂种培育、蜂螨繁殖抑制基因及蜂螨的生物学防治等几方面进行了最新研究动态的分析。在此基础上,总结出防控蜂螨的最终有效途径:一方面要建立有效的抗螨蜂种选育体系,多培育和使用抗螨蜂种,有效降低蜂螨繁殖基数;另一方面,要加强对蜂螨寄生机制的研究,采用基因工程手段阻断其对蜜蜂的寄生性,从根本上改变蜂螨对蜜蜂的严重危害。     

山西蜜蜂大蜂螨防控措施

<正>一、大蜂螨的分布与危害大蜂螨学名狄斯瓦螨(Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman,2000)是对世界养蜂业威胁最大的蜜蜂病虫害。属寄生螨目,瓦螨科(以下统称大蜂螨)蜜蜂的体外寄生螨,一生均在蜂巢房内繁殖。在未封盖的幼虫房中产卵,繁殖于封盖幼虫房,寄生于     

瓦螨的遗传多样性(下)

(接上期 )4　雅氏瓦螨雅各布森在印度尼西亚爪哇东方蜜蜂上采集到的寄生螨 ,由奥德门进行了形态描述 ,定名为雅氏瓦螨 (ＶａｒｒｏａｊａｃｏｂｓｏｎｉＯｕｄｅｍａｎｓ,190 4 )。以后发现雅氏瓦螨的分布很广 ,在整个亚洲的东方蜜蜂以及印度尼西亚的印尼蜂都有雅氏瓦螨寄生。后来雅氏瓦螨中的 2种基因型转移寄生到西方蜜蜂。4 1　形态特征　　雌性雅氏瓦螨呈横椭圆形 ,与林氏瓦螨比较体格略小 ;气门片较短 ,弯度较大 ;足内刚毛较少 ;在颚须转节上有 1根刚毛 (见表1)。德尔芬纳多 -贝克等 (Ｄｅｌｆｉｎａｄｏ -ＢａｋｅｒａｎｄＨｏｕｃ…     

瓦螨的遗传多样性(上)

介绍恩氏瓦螨、林氏瓦螨、雅氏瓦螨以及新提名的杀手瓦螨 (拟 )的寄主、寄生范围、形态特征、危害情况等。雅氏瓦螨包括多个单倍型 (基因型 ) ,其中原来寄生在亚洲大陆东方蜜蜂的 2个单倍型转移寄生到西方蜜蜂 ,传播到世界各地 ,给养蜂业造成巨大损失。对瓦螨基础生物学的了解 ,有助于寻找防治瓦螨的新措施     

分子标记基因在动物寄生螨类基因差异研究中的应用

关于寄生在不同宿主体上的同一种螨属于同一个种的不同亚种还是不同的种的问题，学者们至今还未达成一致观点。传统的动物寄生螨虫分类主要依据形态学和宿主的特异性进行，随着现代分子生物学技术的发展，分子标记技术被广泛应用于动物寄生螨虫的分类。     

Persistent haematuria and proteinuria due to glomerular disease in related Abyssinian cats

Eight cases of glomerular disease in young, related Abyssinian cats are described. Haematuria was the most consistent feature. Six cats developed the nephrotic syndrome. The short-term prognosis was good for cats with haematuria and fair for cats with the nephrotic syndrome as oedema resolved in three of the six cats. Light microscopic examination of renal biopsies from three cats was considered normal or revealed only mild abnormalities. In the three cases subjected to necropsy, histological abnormalities included mild mesangial hypercellularity and adhesions between the glomerular tuft and Bowman's capsule consistent with a focal proliferative glomerulopathy. Further investigation into this glomerulopathy will require ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies to characterise the glomerular abnormality and genetic analyses to investigate its potential to be an inherited disease. Glomerular disease, potentially a familial one, should be considered in the investigation of persistent haematuria or proteinuria in Abyssinian and related cats.     

谈北方地区蜂螨的防治

蜂螨从20世纪50年代中期开始在我国南方发生以来,逐年向全国蔓延。近50年来一直危害我国养蜂生产和发展。尽管这是一老生常谈的话题,笔者仍想借贵杂志一角叙述有关北方治螨的问题。1蜂螨与蜂群繁殖关系在东北地区蜂螨的繁殖时间是与蜂群繁殖同步进行的。早春当群内子脾开始出现大幼虫时,蜂螨潜入幼虫房内交配、产卵、孵化,夏季蜂群强壮,蜂螨也进入了快速发展阶段,只是繁殖的场所已经转向饲料充足的雄蜂幼虫房。正是由于蜂螨的这一生物学特     

药物治疗獭兔螨病比较试验

为了探索联合用药对獭兔螨病的治疗效果,将50只确诊为患螨病的獭兔随机分为5组,每组10只,其中A组用伊维菌素治疗;B组用伊维菌素加螨净治疗;C组用伊维菌素加双甲脒治疗;D组用伊维菌素加复方桔皮素乙酰酯治疗;E组用伊维菌素加敌百虫治疗。结果显示,A组治愈率为60%,B组治愈率为80%,C组治愈率为90%,D组治愈率为90%,E组治愈率为70%,结果表明伊维菌素结合双甲脒与伊维菌素结合复方桔皮素乙酰酯治疗兔螨效果最佳。     

Prevalence of polycystic kidney disease in Persian and Persian related cats in France

The prevalence of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) has been estimated in the USA, Australia, UK, and Germany, but no data are available to date in France. The purpose of this study was to determine prevalence of PKD in Persian and Persian related breeds of cats in France. Medical records of all healthy cats presented for ultrasonographic screening of PKD between December 2000 and April 2002 were analysed from two centres (ENVL and ENVA). Cats were classified as positive when at least one anechoic cavity was found in at least one kidney. Prevalence of PKD was compared between the two screening centres, between different breeds evaluated, and between male and female using Chi-square test. A total of 310 cats were examined, including 92 at ENVL (57 Persians, 22 Exotic Shorthairs, 7 Chartreux, 4 Norwegian Forest Cats, and 2 Abyssins) and 218 at ENVA (163 Persians, 42 Exotic Shorthairs, 4 Chartreux, 4 British Shorthairs, 2 American Whirehairs, 2 Norwegian Forest Cats, and 1 American Shorthair). Prevalence of PKD was 41.8% in Persian cats and 39.1% in Exotic Shorthair. No PKD was detected in cats from other breeds. There was no significant difference between prevalence of PKD found in ENVL and ENVA, between prevalence of PKD in Persians and in Exotic Shorthairs, and prevalence of PKD in male and in female. Prevalence of PKD in Persians and Exotic Shorthair cats in France is currently high but is similar to prevalence in other parts of the world. Selection based on ultrasonographic detection of cysts should decrease prevalence of PKD in the future.     

螨类化学信息物质及其在鸡皮刺螨防治中的应用现状

鸡皮刺螨是家禽养殖业中危害最严重的体外寄生虫之一。为了控制禽舍中鸡皮刺螨的种群繁殖,目前最常用的方法是化学药物喷洒。但是,随着健康饮食观念的深入人心,人们越来越关注鸡蛋和鸡肉的农药残留问题。因此,需要探索化学农药的替代品,包括疫苗、生物防治、物理防治以及生态友好型的化学信息物质。本文综述了生态友好型的化学信息物质,主要包括聚集信息素、性信息素、报警信息素、利他素以及植物类化合物,在鸡皮刺螨防治方面的作用、应用及研究现状,为防治鸡皮刺螨寻找绿色无污染的方法提供理论基础。