Effect of inoculants on whole-crop barley silage fermentation and dry matter disappearance in situ

Whole-crop barley harvested at the mid-dough stage was ensiled in 3-L laboratory silos either directly (at 30.7% DM) or after wilting (37.8% DM), and with or without application of Inoculant A, B, or D. Each inoculant contained multiple strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium. Two silos per treatment were opened on d 1, 3, 7, 15, and 47 for silage analysis. Wilted silages had higher (P < 0.05) pH than unwilted silages, and Inoculant B (unwilted crop) and Inoculants A, B, and D (wilted crop) decreased (P < 0.05) silage pH compared to the controls. Reducing sugars concentration was 36% lower (P < 0.05), on average, in the wilted than in the unwilted silages. Silages prepared with Inoculants B or D had lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of reducing sugars than the control. Wilting of the barley crop further increased the difference between inoculated and control silages (wilting x inoculation P < 0.05). Neither wilting nor silage inoculants affected concentrations of nonprotein N, ammonia N, or free amino acid N in silage. Wilting did not affect the concentration of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the silages. Across DM levels, inoculant-treated silages had larger (P < 0.01) populations of LAB than did the uninoculated controls (7.1 x 10(9) vs 2.3 x 10(9) cfu/g silage DM). Wilting resulted in lesser (P < 0.05) silage lactic acid concentration than the directly ensiled crop. At both DM levels, lactic acid concentration was higher (P < 0.001) in inoculated silages than in controls. The in situ soluble and potentially degradable fractions of silage DM were not affected by wilting or inoculant treatment. The rate of degradation of the potentially degradable silage DM was 35% lower (P < 0.05) in wilted than in unwilted silage. As a result, the calculated effective degradability of silage DM was lower (P < 0.001) in wilted than in unwilted silage. Inoculants did not influence the rate of degradation or effective degradability of silage DM in the rumen. Whole-crop barley ensiled at approximately 30% DM (without wilting) contained higher concentrations of soluble sugars and lactic acid and had higher ruminal degradability of DM than wilted silage (38% DM). Although inoculants did not improve DM degradability of barley silage, lower terminal pH and increased concentrations of lactic acid may improve aerobic stability upon feed-out.     

添加不同乳酸菌剂对苜蓿青贮营养价值的影响

本试验旨在研究添加不同乳酸菌剂对苜蓿青贮营养价值的影响。以紫花苜蓿为原料,分别添加干酪乳杆菌（A-LAB组）、植物乳杆菌（B-LAB组）和戊糖片球菌（C-LAB组）各1×10⁶ CFU/g进行青贮,同时设置空白对照。发酵45 d后,应用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系（CNCPS）对苜蓿青贮营养价值进行评定。结果表明,在蛋白质组分中,与对照组相比,添加乳酸菌剂能降低非蛋白氮（PA）含量,其中B-LAB组达到显著水平（P＜0.05）;乳酸菌剂组中速降解真蛋白质（PB₂）和慢速降解真蛋白质（PB₃）含量均高于对照组,但差异不显著（P＞0.05）。在碳水化合物组分中,添加乳酸菌剂提高了糖类（CA）、非结构性碳水化合物（CNSC）的含量,降低了可利用纤维（CB₂）的含量,其中A-LAB组达到显著水平（P＜0.05）。综上所述,添加乳酸菌剂能在一定程度上通过保护真蛋白和提高快速降解碳水化合物组分及非结构性碳水化合物含量,提高苜蓿青贮营养价值,且分别以添加植物乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌效果较好。     

A third-generation esterase inoculant alters fermentation pattern and improves aerobic stability of barley silage and the efficiency of body weight gain of growing feedlot cattle

This study investigated the effects of a mixed bacterial inoculant possessing ferulic acid esterase (FAE) activity on silage fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability, and growth performance of growing feedlot steers. Whole-crop barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) forage (35% DM) was chopped and ensiled without a silage inoculant (UN) or with a mixed bacterial culture containing 1.0 × 10(11) cfu/g of Lactobacillus buchneri LN4017 that produces FAE, 2.0 × 10(10) cfu/g of Lactobacillus plantarum LP7109, and 1.0 × 10(10) cfu/g of Lactobacillus casei LC3200 at a combined rate of 1.3 × 10(5) cfu/g of fresh forage (IN) in mini and Ag-Bag (Ag-Bag Int. Ltd., Warrenton, OR) silos. Silages from the mini silos were assessed for the effect of inoculation on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability, whereas silages from Ag-Bags were used to formulate 2 barley silage-based total mixed rations (UN and IN) that were fed to growing feedlot steers for 112 d. The IN silage exhibited a homolactic fermentation during the first 7 d of ensiling as reflected by an increased (P ≤ 0.02) lactic acid concentration and an accelerated rate (P < 0.01) of pH decline. Thereafter, fermentation of IN silage became more heterolactic, resulting in greater concentrations of acetic acid (P < 0.01) and pH (P < 0.01) but less (P < 0.01) lactic acid than UN silage. Inoculation did not affect DM losses (P = 0.52) from mini silos. The IN silage remained stable during 21 d, but temperature and yeasts counts in the UN silage increased after 5 d of aerobic exposure. Growing steers fed the IN silage diet had superior (P = 0.03) feed conversion efficiency compared with those fed UN silage. Inoculation of whole-crop barley silage with a mixed culture of homolactic lactic acid-producing bacteria and FAE-producing L. buchneri at ensiling changed fermentation from a homolactic to a heterolactic form during ensiling and improved aerobic stability of the silage and efficiency of BW gain of growing feedlot steers.     

不同收获期玉米青贮干物质在奶牛瘤胃内降解率的研究

本文采用随机实验设计，利用瘤胃尼龙袋技术，测定全株玉米青贮分剐在乳熟、腊熟期收获时其干物质(DM)在奶牛瘤胃的降解率。结果表明：各期DM在奶牛瘤胃降解率依次为40．22％、53．24％。测试结果证明，在黑龙江省东部地区，腊熟期收获的全株玉米青贮对奶牛的饲用价值较高。     

白菜尾菜与稻草秸秆混合青贮饲料对瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响

本试验旨在研究不同处理的白菜尾菜与稻草秸秆混合青贮饲料对瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响。试验底物为4种不同处理的青贮饲料,青贮45 d:对照组(秸秆:尾菜为10:0;无添加剂),1组、2组、3组的秸秆∶尾菜均为4:6,但添加剂分别为植物乳杆菌0.030 g/kg和纤维素酶0.200 g/kg、植物乳杆菌0.035 g/kg和纤维素酶0.250 g/kg、植物乳杆菌0.040 g/kg和纤维素酶0.300 g/kg,进行体外瘤胃发酵36 h,测定pH、氨氮浓度、微生物蛋白浓度等发酵参数。结果表明:培养期间,各组的pH在6.77～6.94、氨氮浓度在20.09～44.39 mg/100mL;在12 h、36 h时,2组的微生物蛋白浓度显著高于对照组和1组;在36 h时,2组和3组的原虫密度显著高于对照组,且酸性洗涤纤维降解率也较高。综上,2组和3组都能在一定程度上改善瘤胃发酵性能,其中,以第2组采用秸秆:尾菜为4:6、植物乳杆菌0.035 g/kg和纤维素酶0.250 g/kg的组合处理青贮饲料较为适宜。     

青贮菌剂在苜蓿裹包青贮中的应用效果

在苜蓿裹包青贮中添加3种不同青贮菌剂JD6、MMD3、X3Q2,分析青贮苜蓿的营养品质,微生物数量以及瘤胃降解率的变化,以研究3种青贮菌剂在裹包青贮条件下对苜蓿青贮的影响。结果表明,青贮5个月后,添加青贮菌剂可以显著降低pH值(P<0.05)、NH3/TN值(P<0.05),减少丁酸含量(P<0.01),有利于保存青贮物的营养成分,提高青贮品质。添加青贮菌剂对青贮物的NDF、ADF含量没有影响,对青贮产物干物质和NDF的瘤胃降解率没有影响。添加青贮菌剂可以提高青贮产物中乙酸含量(P<0.05),减少酵母菌和霉菌数量(P<0.05)。3种青贮菌剂在苜蓿裹包青贮试验中,有利于抑制有害微生物,保存苜蓿营养成分,提高苜蓿青贮品质和有氧稳定性。     

不同发酵类型乳酸菌对低水分粳稻秸秆青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响

为探讨不同发酵类型乳酸菌对低水分粳稻(Oryza saliva subsp keng)秸秆发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响,本试验以稻秸(含水量50.47%)为青贮材料,设有4组,即对照组(CS),布氏乳杆菌H4001组(HS,5×10~6 cfu·g~(-1)FM),植物乳杆菌S2406组(SS,5×10~6 cfu·g~(-1) FM)及植物乳杆菌与布氏乳杆菌混合组(MS,5×10~6 cfu·g~(-1)FM),发酵时间60d,取青贮粳稻秸秆样品测定其青贮品质及有氧稳定性。结果表明:同型发酵乳酸菌植物乳杆菌S2409可显著降低青贮的pH值和氨态氮含量(P0.05),提高青贮的乳酸、粗蛋白和干物质含量(P0.05),而异型发酵乳酸菌布氏乳杆菌H4001可显著提高青贮的乙酸、水溶性碳水化合物和中性洗涤纤维的含量(P0.05)。同型发酵乳酸菌和异型发酵乳酸菌在青贮开窖后可分别延长青贮的有氧稳定性时间36h、65h。混合组发酵品质及有氧稳定性均显著优于对照组。结合不同情况单独或混合使用不同发酵类型乳酸菌可获得更加优质的青贮饲料。     

苜蓿青贮乳酸菌的筛选及其对苜蓿青贮发酵的影响

为获得苜蓿青贮用乳酸菌,本研究从苜蓿附生乳酸菌中通过抑菌活性、酸化苜蓿粉及结构性糖代谢中间产物的性能指标筛选优良菌株,并研究其对苜蓿(Medicago sativa)青贮发酵的影响。结果表明,1)筛选到抑菌活性较高、酸化苜蓿粉及结构性糖代谢中间产物综合性能较好的菌株ZZU A341,被鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum);2)青贮90 d,添加该菌株的处理组pH、氨态氮含量低于添加商业菌株(YX)的处理组,显著低于自然青贮(P<0.05)。综上所述,使用该筛选方法获得的优良乳酸菌可有效改善苜蓿发酵品质。     

不同比例羊草与青贮饲料在奶牛瘤胃内干物质降解率的研究

为测定不同比例羊草与青贮饲料(分别为100:0,0:100,20:80,70:30,60:40,50:50)在奶牛瘤胃内干物质降解率,本试验以3头装有永久瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用瘤胃尼龙袋法对各配比组干物质降解率进行了比较研究。结果表明:不同配比组其干物质瘤胃降解率分别为32.66%,37.65%,38.05%,34.06%,39.38%,39.44%。说明当羊草与青贮配比50:50～60:40时,干物质降解率高于其他各组。     

玉米秸秆全株青贮与黄贮饲喂效果对比试验

以16头中国荷斯坦奶牛为试验对象,随机分为二组,开展玉米全株青贮与黄贮饲喂奶牛对比试验。两组日粮营养水平基本相同,试验组日饲喂全株玉米青贮、对照组饲喂等量的黄贮玉米。结果表明,试验组头均产奶量较对照组平均每日多产奶3.27kg,效果十分显著,平均每日每头均增加纯收入5.24元,经济效益显著。全株青贮较黄贮能显著提高奶牛产奶量和经济效益。     

The particulate passage rate,nutrient composition and fermentation characteristics across gastrointestinal tracts in lactating dairy cows fed three different forage source diets

This study was conducted to investigate the particulate passage rate, nutrient characteristics and fermentation parameters across the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in lactating dairy cows fed cereal straws in comparison with alfalfa hay. Eighteen multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets consisting of 55% concentrate, 15% corn silage and 30% different forage sources as follows (% of dry matter [DM]): (i) 23% alfalfa hay and 7% Chinese wild rye hay (AH); (ii) 30% corn stover (CS); and (iii) 30% rice straw (RS). The Cr‐mordanted corn silage‐neutral detergent fibre was used to estimate the passage flow at week 14. After 14‐week feeding, the animals were slaughtered to collect the gastrointestinal digesta. Dietary forage sources had little effect on the fractional passage rates in the rumen (range from 5.05 to 6.25%/hr) or hindgut (range from 4.49 to 5.24%/hr). Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration in the caecum was highest, followed by the rumen, colon and rectum, and the lowest in the abomasum and duodenum, indicating that the large intestines, especially caecum, are the important positions for carbohydrate degradation. Greater proportion of propionate and butyrate and lower acetate were found in the AH compared to CS or RS in colon, but higher acetate in abomasum was found in the cows fed CS or RS compared to AH. In conclusion, cereal straw diets did not change the particulate passage rate in the rumen and hindgut which might be mainly due to the similar DM intake among these three diets. Different forage source diets significantly changed VFA proportion in the abomasum and colon, indicating the existence of different digestion or absorption rates in these tracts among the experimental diets.     

The effect of maize silage type on the performances and methane emission of dairy cattle

To examine whether type of maize silage is important for milk production performances, maize silage LG30224 (LG) was compared with Falkone (FA), the latter having a 4.0% points lower rumen NDF digestibility and 19 g/kg dry matter (DM) more starch. To bridge the lower energy content of FA, a third treatment was involved by adding maize meal (MM) in a ratio of 92/8 on DM (FA+MM). Maize and grass silage were fed ad libitum in a ratio of 65/35 on DM basis. Concentrates were supplemented individually to meet energy and protein requirements. The experiment was set up as a Latin square with three groups of nine Holstein cows during three periods of 3 weeks. In the last 2 weeks of each period, DM intake (DMI) and milk performances were measured. Each group included one cannulated cow to study effects on rumen fermentation. During the last 4 days of each period, two cows from each group were placed in gas exchange chambers to measure nutrient digestibility and methane production. Total DMI was higher (p < 0.05) for FA+MM (20.8 kg/day) than for FA (20.3 kg/day), while DMI for LG was intermediate (20.6 kg/day). Treatment did not affect milk production nor composition, whereas fat–protein‐corrected milk was higher for LG (30.5 kg/day) and FA+MM (30.3 kg/day) than for FA (29.9 kg/day). The ration did not affect pH nor volatile fatty acid composition in the rumen. Further, total tract digestibility of OM, crude protein, NDF and starch did not differ among treatments. The ration with LG gave higher methane production per day and per kg NDF intake than both rations with FA, but the difference was not significant when expressed per kg DMI or FPCM. Thus, maize silage type is of little importance for milk production if energy and physical structure requirements are met.     

The effect of fermentation quality on the voluntary intake of grass silage by growing cattle fed silage as the sole feed

This study was designed to separate the effect of fermentation quality on voluntary intake of grass silage from other feed factors affecting intake. Variations in DMI were quantified, and the impact on intake was modeled. The relationships between individual silage components and intake were examined. A partially balanced changeover experiment with 30 Norwegian Red steers (137 +/- 16.4 kg of BW) was carried out to determine the intake of 24 silages and of hay harvested from the same parent crop within 60 h. Five forages were fed at a time in each of five 3-wk periods. Every 3-wk period was preceded by 2 wk of feeding a standard silage. Silage DMI ranged from 1.79 to 2.65, with a mean of 2.38 kg x 100 kg of BW(-1) x d(-1). Hay DMI averaged 2.43 kg x 100 kg of BW(-1) x d(-1). Ranges (mean) for the composition of silages were as follows: DM, 166 to 237 (213) g/kg; water-soluble carbohydrates, 16.3 to 70.9 (33.0) g/kg of DM; acetic acid, 11.5 to 64.7 (28.6) g/kg of DM; propionic acid, 0 to 5.2 (1.0) g/kg of DM; butyric acid, 0 to 25.1 (6.0) g/kg of DM; lactic acid, 2.2 to 102 (49.3) g/kg of DM; and NH3-N (not corrected for additive-derived N), 89.3 to 255 (153) g/kg of total N. Silage DMI was closely (P < 0.05) related to DM, ADL, VFA, lactic acid, total acids, the lactic acid:total acids ratio, ADIN, NH3-N (not corrected), histamine, tryptamine, cadaverine, and the total sum of amines (the explained variation in intake ranged from 14 to 53%). The 2 best models describing silage DMI included concentrations in the silage of propionic acid, butyric acid, and lactic acid, and these models explained 75 and 84% of the variation in DMI. The strong correlation (r = 0.84, P < 0.05) between total NH3-N and butyric acid concentrations in silages indicates that these variables described the same variation pattern. The inclusion of NH3-N in the equations describing the effect of fermentation quality on DMI of low-DM grass silage was less useful than that of butyric acid. This was due to the confounded relationship between the NH3-N concentration in silages and the use of ammonium-containing preservatives and to difficulties in correcting for the added ammonium.     

普通青贮玉米与微生物青贮玉米对奶牛产奶量的对比试验

研究普通青贮玉米和微生物青贮玉米对奶牛产奶量的影响.选取20头生理情况基本一致黑白花奶牛,分为试验组和对照组进行交叉对比试验.结果显示：饲喂微生物青贮玉米的奶牛,产奶量比饲喂普通青贮玉米的高2.27 kg,每天纯收入多7.93元.     

Fermentation quality and chemical composition of shrub silage treated with lactic acid bacteria inoculants and cellulase additives

Effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants and cellulase additives on fermentation quality and chemical compositions of shrub silages were studied by using a small‐scale fermentation system. Two LAB inoculants of Qingbao (Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilacticii, Lactobacillus casei and Clostridium phage) and Caihe (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Pediococcus acidilactici) and a commercial cellulase made from Trichoderma reesei were used as additives for intermediate pea‐shrub, rush bushclover, arborescent ceratoides and shrubby silage preparation. The crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and water‐soluble carbohydrate contents of the four shrub materials were 10.1–14.2, 62.6–67.2 and 1.9–3.5% on a dry matter basis, respectively. All shrub silages had pH 3.40–4.43, ammonia‐N 0.1–0.2% g/kg and lactic acid 1.3–2.9% on a fresh matter basis. The silage quality of LAB‐inoculated silages did not have a greater effect than control silages, except shrubby silage preparation. Silages treated with the cellulase, the pH of rush bushclover and shrubby sweetvetch silage were significantly (P < 0.05) lower and the lactic acid content were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the control silages. The results confirmed that shrub contained a relatively high content of crude protein; its silages can be preserved in good quality, and they are new potential resources for livestock feed.     

Interactive effects of molasses by homofermentative and heterofermentative inoculants on fermentation quality,nitrogen fractionation,nutritive value and aerobic stability of wilted alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) silage

The effect of adding molasses (0, UM or 50 g/kg on DM basis, M) and two types of inoculant including homofermentative (HO) and a combination of homofermentative and propionate‐producing bacterial (HOPAB) inoculants on silage fermentation quality, nitrogen fractionation and aerobic stability of pre‐bloom, wilted alfalfa (AS) was determined in laboratory silos. The HOPAB inoculant was more effective than HO in reducing the alfalfa silage pH but increased propionate content in the absence of M (p < 0.05). Inoculation of HOPAB reduced (p < 0.01) acid detergent fibre (ADF) and increased (p < 0.01) lactate to acetate ratio compared with uninoculated AS. Acetate concentration was lower (p < 0.01) in HOPAB‐inoculated than other AS. This difference was more pronounced in M‐added AS (inoculants × M interaction, p = 0.01). Both inoculants reduced (p < 0.01) ammonia‐N content in AS added with M, whereas only HOPAB decreased (p < 0.01) ammonia‐N concentration in silage without M. Inoculants increased (p < 0.01) B₂ fraction in AS with M addition but had no effect on AS without M. Treating silages with HO‐UM increased (p < 0.05) C fraction (acid‐detergent insoluble‐N) but HOPAB decreased C fraction at two levels of M. Treating alfalfa crop with M and HOPAB improved aerobic stability by increasing the concentration of acetate and propionate of AS respectively. Adding M tended (p < 0.10) to increase short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) and cumulative gas production (CGP). HOPAB alone increased DM disappearance at 24 h post‐incubation and effective degradability assuming outflow rate of 8%/h relative to untreated AS (p < 0.05). It was concluded that adding M had no pronounced effects on AS fermentation quality, but increased aerobic stability. HOPAB‐inoculated AS with no addition of M improved fermentation quality and increased DM degradability compared with HO.     

Effects of a Brown‐midrib corn hybrid on nutrient digestibility in wethers and on dry matter intake,performance, rumen and blood variables in dairy cows

The aim of the present trials was to determine the effect of an experimental Brown‐midrib (Bm) corn hybrid in relation to a commercial corn hybrid (Con) on digestibility in wethers and on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows. Digestibility of crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDFom) and acid detergent fibre (ADFom) were higher for Bm (CF Con: 57.8%; Bm: 67.2%; NDFom Con: 56.8%; Bm: 64.8%; ADFom Con: 52.0%; Bm: 63.9%), but concentration of net energy for lactation did not differ (Con: 6.4 MJ/kg DM; Bm: 6.3 MJ/kg DM). A total of 64 lactating German Holstein cows were assigned to one of the two dietary treatments Con or Bm according to milk yield, lactation number, days in milk and live weight. In Trial 1, cows were fed a total mixed ration consisting of 50% corn silage (Con or Bm) and 50% concentrate on dry matter (DM) basis. In Trial 2, the same animals were fed the respective silage for ad libitum intake and 5.3 kg of concentrate DM per animal per day. In Trial 1, DMI and milk‐fat content were decreased significantly for the Bm‐treatment (DMI Con: 22.5 kg/day; Bm: 21.5 kg/day; milk fat Con: 3.8%; Bm: 3.3%). In Trial 2, milk yield and fat‐corrected milk (FCM) were increased significantly, whereas milk‐fat% was decreased significantly (milk yield Con: 25.8 kg/day; Bm: 29.4 kg/day; FCM Con: 27.2 kg/day; Bm: 29.6 kg/day; fat Con: 4.4%; Bm: 4.0%). Diets did not influence ruminal pH or temperature. Diets, furthermore, did not influence rumination in either trial. Additional research on digestibility and rumen fermentation should, however, be carried out using dairy cows at respective intake levels as trials with wethers cannot be transferred to high‐yielding ad libitum fed cows.     

发芽玉米对荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃发酵、产奶性能及乳品质的影响

试验旨在研究发芽玉米对荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃发酵、血液成分、产奶性能及乳品质的影响。选取胎次、分娩日龄、产奶量相近的荷斯坦泌乳奶牛15头,试验分为3组,每组5头。对照组饲喂基础日粮(TMR和苜蓿干草),T1、T2组分别在基础日粮中添加20%发芽玉米和20%发酵发芽玉米。结果表明,添加发芽玉米及发酵发芽玉米均能降低瘤胃pH的变化幅度,提高挥发性脂肪酸和氨态氮浓度,但差异均不显著(P＞0.05);与对照组相比,T1、T2组4%乳脂校正乳极显著提高(P＜0.01),并可显著提高T2组的饲料效率(P＜0.05),显著降低乳中体细胞数(P＜0.05);T1、T2组具有降低乳中胆固醇含量的趋势,并对血液成分无显著影响。因此,饲料中添加发芽玉米可改善瘤胃内环境,显著提高产奶量与饲料效率,显著降低乳中体细胞数,且乳中胆固醇含量有降低的趋势。     

添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶对苜蓿青贮品质的影响(简报)

初花期收获的苜蓿经过0,8和32 h的晾晒,添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶进行青贮。结果表明,不同干物质含量的苜蓿青贮时,乳酸菌 纤维素酶的添加均能使青贮pH值快速下降;苜蓿半干青贮(干物质含量为38.45%)可使青贮氨态氮含量显著降低,并保存有较多的粗蛋白质,生成较多乳酸,其中以添加乳酸菌106cfu/g 纤维素酶0.05g/kg的青贮效果最好,其青贮综合评定得分最高,达93分。     

5株优良抑菌活性乳酸菌对全株玉米青贮品质的影响

为了探讨具有优良抑菌活性的乳酸菌对全株玉米青贮过程不同时期营养品质的影响,进一步验证并筛选出可提高玉米秸秆青贮品质的乳酸菌接种剂,将实验室前期从甘肃各地玉米秸秆青贮饲料中分离筛选获得的5株产酸快、多,且具有抑菌活性的优良乳酸菌分别添加到全株玉米秸秆中进行青贮,共设置6个试验组,分别在青贮第3、7、15、30天测定产物的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和氨态氮(NH₃-N)含量及第30 天乳酸(LA)、乙酸(AA)、丙酸(PA)和丁酸(BA)含量。结果显示,发酵30 d后,5个处理组的DM、CP、ADF和LA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),NH₃-N和WSC含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),B3-1组NDF显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但与其他处理组差异不显著(P>0.05),B3-1和B5-2组AA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但与其他处理组差异不显著(P>0.05);各组DM、CP、WSC含量均随发酵时间延长而降低,而ADF、NDF和NH₃-N含量均随发酵时间的延长而升高;B3-1组在玉米秸秆全株青贮发酵各期的发酵品质和营养品质最优。以上结果表明5株乳酸菌均能显著改善青贮饲料发酵品质,其中植物乳杆菌B3-1的效果最好。