甘肃茶藨子属野生果树资源及开发利用

通过对甘肃省茶藨子属种质资源的系统调查和综合分析,已查明,甘肃茶藨子属植物有21种和5个变种,果实食用、加工或作育种材料.本文阐述了茶藨子属植物在甘肃的分布、生境、果实经济性状及用途,提出了开发利用途径和可持续利用建议.目的是为果树栽培、食品加工、医药、园林绿化等部门合理开发利用甘肃茶藨子属植物资源提供依据.     

俄罗斯主要金黄茶藨子品种

介绍了金黄茶藨子应用价值、俄罗斯主要研究部门的研究概况、正在俄罗斯国内推广应用的9个主要品种,为我国金黄茶藨子种引及研究提供参考.     

印度大力发展森林植物茶藨子

印度茶蔗子一般生长在印度北部森林或种植在北部园林中。近年来，印度全国都在发展茶藨子，南部尤其突出。仅安德拉邦就已种植了3万hm^2。泰米尔纳德邦种植了1200hm^2，每年还继续发展75     

小兴安岭地区东北茶藨子生物学特性观察

以伊春带岭当地的野生东北茶藨子为研究对象,通过对其的物候观测,来达到深入了解伊春带岭东北茶藨子的生物学特征和生态适应性,从而为该野生资源的引种栽培及开发利用提供科学依据。     

红果茶藨子果实优异资源的初步筛选

2014?2019年,选择树龄超过3年的红果茶藨子为调查对象,主要以收集具有优良性状的种质为主,共收集具有详细记录的种质资源342份,其中果实优异种质资源个体45个.调查分析结果表明,穆棱组、新疆阿勒泰组的优良单株综合表现较好,在提高坐果率、抗病虫等方面还要继续研究.红果茶藨子优良单株主要经济性状变异系数为11.46％...     

茶藨子优良品种选择和丰产栽培技术研究

对从比利时引进的13个茶藨子品种,进行了物候期及生态习性的观测和研究,运用统计分析及综合评定的方法,初步选出了适合河南及华北地区栽培的6个良种,同时进行了丰产栽培的试验研究,总结出了一套实用的栽培技术。     

不同种源红果茶藨子果实的比较分析

实验收集了红果茶藨子种质资源,建立种质资源库;以红果茶藨子果实为研究对象,对8个不同地区的红果茶藨子种质资源进行比较分析。研究结果表明:穆棱组的红果茶藨子种质资源在果穗数、穗粒数和果粒数等产量因素中均优于其他组,并有显著差异,单株产量是8种种质资源中最高的。     

茶藨子栽培技术

<正>茶藨子,又称醋栗,虎耳草科茶藨子属,落叶灌木,高1～3米。生于山坡林下岩石旁和山谷溪边灌木丛中。茶藨子属植物分布很广,在全世界共有160多个种,著名的黑加仑,只是茶藨子属众多种类中的一种。中国茶藨子属植物初步确定为59种30变种,新疆天山、阿尔泰山均有广泛的分布,主要有刺茶藨、红果茶藨、黑果茶藨、天山茶藨、高茶藨、小叶茶藨、石生茶藨等7种,其中黑果茶藨、红果茶藨的分布最多,当地居民有收集其果实制作果酱食用的传统。但由于近年来气候干旱等种种原因,野生茶     

五裂茶藨子播种繁殖试验

通过设置不同的浸种时间、覆沙厚度、播种时间、播种量等处理,对五裂茶藨子进行播种试验,结果表明,不同处理对五裂茶藨子播种出苗率的影响差异显著,以凉水浸泡48h、4月29日播种、播种量为3.0g·m-2、覆沙厚度0.2cm为五裂茶藨子播种出苗最好。     

经济植物长白茶藨子苗木培育技术

长白茶藨子（ Ribes komarov ii ）为虎耳草科,茶藨子属植物。别名：山麻子,狗葡萄,山樱桃,醋栗,灯笼果,东北茶藨,东北醋李等。分布在黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古等地。是东北地区重点保护性植物。其浆果味道鲜美、多汁,是野果中的尚品,是酿制果酒和制作高级果酱的最佳材料。果实中含大量的维生素C。叶子含单宁,可做烤胶原料。其种子中含油率约为20％～25％,可用作榨油原料。果实味酸、温。具有解毒功能。所以长白茶藨子是十分优质的经济植物。人工栽培前景广阔。     

不同沙棘品种抗旱性的比较

沙棘抗旱性是多因素作用的结果,如果只利用单因素/单项指标评价其抗逆性,则具有一定的片面性。本研究对干旱胁迫下4个沙棘品种的多项生理生化指标的变化进行比较分析,并通过主成分分析和综合评价发现:乡土中国沙棘(河北丰宁种源)品种的抗旱性最强,引进大果沙棘―乌兰格木品种的抗旱性最差,引进的4个沙棘品种抗旱能力强弱的排序为:丰宁(0.619)> 楚伊(0.445)> 向阳(0.390)> 乌兰格木(0.274)。净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶水势、谷胱甘肽还原酶和脱落酸的含量可作为沙棘抗旱性的判定指标。随着干旱胁迫的加剧,与对照相比,4个引沙棘品种的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和叶水势均下降,而超氧化物歧化酶活性、细胞膜透性、谷胱甘肽还原酶和四大激素均上升,这说明干旱逆境胁迫影响了沙棘正常的生长发育过程,同时通过内在的生理生化指标的改变来增加其自身对逆境胁迫的抵抗能力。这些将为沙棘抗旱树种的筛选和进一步的杂交育种提供依据。     

Alkaloids derived from genus Veratrum and Peganum of Mongolian origin as multidrug resistance inhibitors of cancer cells

Alkaloids comprise one of the largest groups of plant secondary metabolites including vinca alkaloids. The ability of six alkaloids from Veratrum lobelianum, one from Veratrum nigrum and three from Peganum nigellastrum to modify transport activity of MDR1 was studied. Flow-cytometry in a multidrug-resistant human MDR1-gene-transfected mouse lymphoma cells (L5178Y) was applied. The inhibition of multidrug resistance was investigated by measuring the accumulation of rhodamine-123 in cancer cells.Veralosinine and veranigrine were the most effective resistance modifiers. In a checkerboard method veralosinine and veranigrine enhanced the antiproliferative effects of doxorubicin on MDR cells in combination. The structure-activity relationships were discussed.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ophiostoma</Emphasis> species associated with bark beetles infesting three <Emphasis Type="Italic">Abies</Emphasis> species in Nikko,Japan

Ophiostoma species were isolated from bark beetles and Abies mariesii, A. veitchii and A. homolepis attacked by the beetles in Nikko, Tochigi, central Honshu, Japan. One to two Ophiostoma species were frequently isolated from each species of bark beetle. Ophiostoma subalpinum was the most common associate of Cryphalus montanus. Ophiostoma sp. B as well as O. subalpinum was a common fungus associated with Polygraphus proximus. Ophiostoma europhioides was isolated from Dryocoetes hectographus and D. autographus as one of the common associates. Ophiostoma sp. J and Ophiostoma sp. S were frequently isolated from D. autographus and D. striatus, respectively. These fungi seem to have specific relationships with particular bark beetles. Ophiostoma sp. B, Ophiostoma sp. J and Ophiostoma sp. S have unique morphological characteristics and appear to be new species. Five trees of A. veitchii, approximately 43 years old, were inoculated with five Ophiostoma species to assess the relative virulence of the fungi. Ophiostoma subalpinum, Ophiostoma sp. B, and O. europhioides had relatively higher virulence than the other species studied.     

优化施肥对樟子松幼苗生长和抗逆生理的影响

为提高园林苗木育苗质量,试验以1年生樟子松为研究对象,复合肥和烘干鸡粪作为肥源,按照施氮水平相同原则（施氮量为75 g/m3）,设置6种施肥处理,研究了不同施肥配比对樟子松幼苗生长和抗逆生理的影响。结果表明,与CK处理相比,T3处理的根长、根表面积、粗根直径、根体积和细根数分别增加28.39%、53.70%、5.60%、20.00%、17.06%,根系活力和叶绿素含量分别提高15.51%、42.31%,差异均达到显著水平,并显著增加了可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、丙二醛、脯氨酸含量以及过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性,提高了幼苗抗逆能力。施肥有助于促进樟子松幼苗生长和根系发育,增加幼苗干物质积累,提高根系活力和抗逆能力,并以T3处理（复合肥和烘干鸡粪比例为1∶1）效果最佳,可在樟子松幼苗培养中应用推广。     

不同种源高山栲苗期生长及生理分析

以不同种源高山栲幼苗为研究对象,通过抗逆性指标测定以探究不同种源幼苗的环境适应能力,筛选出抗逆能力强的种源。将5个种源高山栲一年生实生苗种植于同一环境,测定其株高、地径、冠幅等生长指标,丙二醛（MDA）含量以及过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）等保护酶活性,净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO₂、蒸腾速率、光响应等生理生化指标。不同种源高山栲幼苗生长及生理性状均表现出显著性差异（P＜0.05）。镇沅种源高山栲幼苗株高和冠幅生长量最大,表明镇沅种源有较好的环境适应性,同时其MDA含量最低,SOD、POD活性最高,表明镇沅种源幼苗的细胞膜受损程度更低且具有较强的抗逆性;光合有效辐射强度段400~800 μmol/（m²·s）内高山栲幼苗达到光饱和点,镇沅和龙陵两个种源在相同光辐射强度下的净光合速率大,光合适应性强。综合不同种源幼苗生长及生理测定结果表明,适应性由强到弱排序为ZY＞LL＞BC＞YD＞SB。不同种源高山栲幼苗在同一环境中生长,其生理、生化指标差异显著,结合生长和生理指标分析,高山栲苗期在种源选取方面可优先考虑镇沅种源。     

Effect of Tectona grandis on phenylhydrazine-induced anaemia in rats

Traditional oral report indicates that Tectona grandis is used in the treatment of anaemia in Togo. For this purpose, the extract of T. grandis leaves is evaluated on anaemia model of rat induced by intraperitoneal injection of phenylhydrazine at 40 mg/kg for 2 days. Oral administration of T. grandis extract at 1 g/kg/day and 2 g/kg/day, to the rats previously treated with phenylhydrazine, increased the concentration of haemoglobin, red blood cells number, haematocrit and reticulocytes rate. Moreover, the extract of T. grandis enhanced the osmotic resistance of the red blood cells that confirm the important presence of young red blood cells. These results support partially the traditional use of T. grandis in the treatment of anaemia.     

Parasitic Ichneumonoidea on the horse chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Slovakia

Parasitic Hymenoptera from the suprafamily Ichneumonoidea attacking the horse chestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) were studied in southwest Slovakia during 2000 and 2001. The search for such species resulted in the determination of eight ichneumonid species, Gelis agilis (Fabricius), Itoplectis alternans (Gravenhorst), I. clavicornis (Thompson), I. maculator (Fabricius), Scambus annulatus (Kiss), S. brevicornis (Gravenhorst), Zatypota percontatoria (Müller), Adelognathus sp. and a braconid Colastes braconius Haliday. The most abundant species was S. annulatus. All these species recorded are polyphagous and often facultative hyperparasitoids, except C. braconius, which departs from this norm in not being hyperparasitic. The presence of more diversified native parasitoids and hyperparasitoids from the Ichneumonoidea predicate a slow successive adaptation of the parasitoid fauna to the invasive host, Cameraria ohridella.     

Insecticidal activity of certain medicinal plants

The methanol extracts of eight species of medicinal plants were tested for insecticidal activity in third instar larvae of Egyptian cottonworm (Spodoptera littoralis). All extracts showed a certain degree of larval toxicity. The extracts of Ocimum basilicum, Origanum majorana and Salvia officinalis appeared to be highly toxic. The extracts significantly affected the growth indexes [relative growth rate (RGR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD)].